梭梭根系分泌物组成成分及诱导肉苁蓉种子形成吸器的研究
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摘要
肉苁蓉为列当科肉苁蓉属的多年生专性根寄生植物,寄主为固沙植物梭梭。肉苁蓉种子在梭梭根系附近可萌发吸器,通过吸器侵入寄主维管组织吸收营养。阐明肉苁蓉与寄主梭梭的寄生机理,对解决和发展肉苁蓉药材的生产具有重要的理论和实践意义。本研究利用 GC-MS 气质联用技术对寄主植物梭梭根系分泌物组成进行测定,同时作了大量组织培养肉苁蓉种子萌发试验。通过研究得出以下初步结论:
(1)采用GC-MS气质连用分析仪分析4周和8周的梭梭根分泌物的甲醇提取物,发现所得种类大体相同:有烃、醇、醛、酮、醌、酚、酯、有机酸、苯类等物质,但具体组分又有所不同。
(2)在 8 周的结果中检测到了苯醌类物质,2,5-二羟基对苯醌和 2,6-二正丁基对苯醌。虽然含量很低,但可能对梭梭根系分泌物的研究是个新的突破。
(3)在肉苁蓉吸器萌发试验结果中发现当 DMBQ 和细胞分裂素共同使用的时候,对不带种皮的肉苁蓉的吸器萌发有促进作用。并且在培养基中固定了 DMBQ 和 GA 浓度后再添加细胞分裂素会使萌发率进一步得到提高。
Cistanche deserticola, a Orobanchaceae Cistanche perennial parasitic plant,has many specific medical values.It’s host plant is Haloxlon which is an useful plant for stabilizing sand. Cistanche seeds in the nearby of the haloxlon root can germinate haustorium, through which it invade Haloxlon’s vascular bundle tissue and absorbs nutrition. It is of great theorietical and practical significance that elucidate the parasitic mechanism to solve and develop the production of Cistanche deserticola. In the experiment,we used the method of GC-MS to mensurate the component of Haloxlon root’s secretion.At the same time, large numbers of tissue culture experiments of Cistanche seeds germination wre done.The results showed:
(1) The components of Haloxlon root’s secretion of four-week and eight-week seedlings were analogical,that included Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Guinones, Phenolic, Organic acid, Aromaticity, Esters, ect. But the idiographic substance is different.
(2) 2,5-dihydroxy-P-Benzoquinone and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-P-Benzoquinone were detected in secretion of eight-week seedling.Though the content is in very low level,it is a breakthrough for the research of the Haloxlon root’s secretion.
(3)In the study of Cistanche seeds germination,the treatment of DMBQ together with CTK can promote the germination rate of the peeled Cistanche.seeds.And when different CTK was added into the culture that has DMBQ and GA3,the germination rate of Cistanche seeds was further improved.
(1)采用GC-MS气质连用分析仪分析4周和8周的梭梭根分泌物的甲醇提取物,发现所得种类大体相同:有烃、醇、醛、酮、醌、酚、酯、有机酸、苯类等物质,但具体组分又有所不同。
(2)在 8 周的结果中检测到了苯醌类物质,2,5-二羟基对苯醌和 2,6-二正丁基对苯醌。虽然含量很低,但可能对梭梭根系分泌物的研究是个新的突破。
(3)在肉苁蓉吸器萌发试验结果中发现当 DMBQ 和细胞分裂素共同使用的时候,对不带种皮的肉苁蓉的吸器萌发有促进作用。并且在培养基中固定了 DMBQ 和 GA 浓度后再添加细胞分裂素会使萌发率进一步得到提高。
Cistanche deserticola, a Orobanchaceae Cistanche perennial parasitic plant,has many specific medical values.It’s host plant is Haloxlon which is an useful plant for stabilizing sand. Cistanche seeds in the nearby of the haloxlon root can germinate haustorium, through which it invade Haloxlon’s vascular bundle tissue and absorbs nutrition. It is of great theorietical and practical significance that elucidate the parasitic mechanism to solve and develop the production of Cistanche deserticola. In the experiment,we used the method of GC-MS to mensurate the component of Haloxlon root’s secretion.At the same time, large numbers of tissue culture experiments of Cistanche seeds germination wre done.The results showed:
(1) The components of Haloxlon root’s secretion of four-week and eight-week seedlings were analogical,that included Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones, Guinones, Phenolic, Organic acid, Aromaticity, Esters, ect. But the idiographic substance is different.
(2) 2,5-dihydroxy-P-Benzoquinone and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-P-Benzoquinone were detected in secretion of eight-week seedling.Though the content is in very low level,it is a breakthrough for the research of the Haloxlon root’s secretion.
(3)In the study of Cistanche seeds germination,the treatment of DMBQ together with CTK can promote the germination rate of the peeled Cistanche.seeds.And when different CTK was added into the culture that has DMBQ and GA3,the germination rate of Cistanche seeds was further improved.
引文
1 马毓泉.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1960,(1):61~66
2 马毓泉.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1977,(1):69~75
3 Hilter L U.Neuere erfahrungen und probleme duf dem gebiet der boden kteriologie und unter besonderer beru cksichtigung der grundungung und brache [J],Arb Dtsch Land Wirt. Ges,1904,98: 59-78,
4 陈龙池,廖利平等,根系分泌物生态学研究。生态学杂志 2002,21(6):57-62。
5 Nickrent DL,Duff RJ,Colwell AE,Wolfe AD,Young ND,Steiner KE,dePamphilis CW:Molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of parasitic plants.In Molecular Systematics of Plants DNA Sequencing. Edited by Soltis DE,Soltis PS,Doyle J J. Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers:1998:211-241
6 Kuijt J.Haustoria of phanerogamic.Annual Review of hytopathology,1977
7 Malcolm C Press,Jonathan & Graves D.Paraditic plants.London:Chapman & Hall Press.1955
8 Timko MP Florea CS,Riopel J L.Control of germination and early development in parasitic angiosperm,InTaylorsonRB (ed),Recent Advances in the Development and Germination of Seeds.New York:Pleum Press,1989.225
9 Wolf SL,Timko MP,Analysis of in vivo protein formation and histological studies of haustorial formation in root cultures of witchweed (striga asiatica L.Kuntz).J Fxp Bot,1992,43(225):1339
10 Fer A,Russo N,Simier P et al . Physiological changes in a root hemiparasitic angiosperm,The sium humice (santalaceoe),before and after attachment to the host plant (Triticum vulgare).J Plant physiol,1994,143:704
11 Chang M,Lynn DG . The haustorium and the chemistry of host recognition in parasitic angiosperms.J Chem Ecology,1986,12(2):561
12 Steffene JC,Lynn DG,Kamat V etal.Molecular specificity of haustorial induction in Agalinis purpruea(L)Raf(Scrophulariaceae).Ann Bot,1982,50:
13 Steffens JC,Lynn DG,James L etal . An haustoria inducer for the root parasite Agalinis purpurea.Phytochemistry,1986,25(10):2291
14 Chang M,Netzly DH,Butler LG,Lynn DG:Chemical regulation of distance:Characterization of the first natural host germination stimulant for Striga asiatica. J Amer Chem Soc 1986, 108:7858-7860.
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20 Bergmann C,Wegmann K,Frischmuth K etal . Stimulation of Orbanche crenata seed germination by (+) strigol and structure analogues. J Plant Physiol,1993,142:338
21 Netzly DH,Butler LG. Roots of sorghum exude hydrophobic droplets containing biologically active components.Crop Science,1986,26:775
22 李天然,寄生被子植物的种子生理及其寄主的相互关系.植物生理通讯,1996.32(6):450-457.
23 John I Yoder,Host-plant recognition by parasitic Scrophulariaceae CurrentOpinion in Plant Biology2001,4:359–365
24 Labrousse P,Arnaud MC,Serieys H,Berville A,Thalouarn P:Several mechanisms are involved in resistance of Helianthus to Orobanche cumana Wallr. Ann Bot 2001,88:859-868.
25 谭德远,采挖和接种肉苁蓉对梭梭群落及其生理生态的影响.硕士论文,2004 年 6 月.
26 胡飞,孔垂华,寄生植物对寄主植物的化学识别.生态学报,2003.23 ( 5)965:971
27 Kim D Kocz,R. Boone,L Keyes,W.J,Lynn D.G.(1998) On becoming a parasite:evaluating the role of wall oxidases in parasitic plant development. Chem. Biol. Interact. 5, 103-117.
28 Handan,S.S.Kinghorn,A D,Cordeu,G A,and Farnsworth,N R 1983.Plant anticancer agent ⅩⅩⅤⅠ. Constituents of Peddiea fischeri J Chem Soc Chem Commun.1975:656-658
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2 马毓泉.内蒙古大学学报(自然科学版),1977,(1):69~75
3 Hilter L U.Neuere erfahrungen und probleme duf dem gebiet der boden kteriologie und unter besonderer beru cksichtigung der grundungung und brache [J],Arb Dtsch Land Wirt. Ges,1904,98: 59-78,
4 陈龙池,廖利平等,根系分泌物生态学研究。生态学杂志 2002,21(6):57-62。
5 Nickrent DL,Duff RJ,Colwell AE,Wolfe AD,Young ND,Steiner KE,dePamphilis CW:Molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of parasitic plants.In Molecular Systematics of Plants DNA Sequencing. Edited by Soltis DE,Soltis PS,Doyle J J. Boston:Kluwer Academic Publishers:1998:211-241
6 Kuijt J.Haustoria of phanerogamic.Annual Review of hytopathology,1977
7 Malcolm C Press,Jonathan & Graves D.Paraditic plants.London:Chapman & Hall Press.1955
8 Timko MP Florea CS,Riopel J L.Control of germination and early development in parasitic angiosperm,InTaylorsonRB (ed),Recent Advances in the Development and Germination of Seeds.New York:Pleum Press,1989.225
9 Wolf SL,Timko MP,Analysis of in vivo protein formation and histological studies of haustorial formation in root cultures of witchweed (striga asiatica L.Kuntz).J Fxp Bot,1992,43(225):1339
10 Fer A,Russo N,Simier P et al . Physiological changes in a root hemiparasitic angiosperm,The sium humice (santalaceoe),before and after attachment to the host plant (Triticum vulgare).J Plant physiol,1994,143:704
11 Chang M,Lynn DG . The haustorium and the chemistry of host recognition in parasitic angiosperms.J Chem Ecology,1986,12(2):561
12 Steffene JC,Lynn DG,Kamat V etal.Molecular specificity of haustorial induction in Agalinis purpruea(L)Raf(Scrophulariaceae).Ann Bot,1982,50:
13 Steffens JC,Lynn DG,James L etal . An haustoria inducer for the root parasite Agalinis purpurea.Phytochemistry,1986,25(10):2291
14 Chang M,Netzly DH,Butler LG,Lynn DG:Chemical regulation of distance:Characterization of the first natural host germination stimulant for Striga asiatica. J Amer Chem Soc 1986, 108:7858-7860.
15 李晓宇,李育,罗文彬。菟丝子的生物学特点及防治。见:中国科协青少年工作部编.生物 多样性与我们的未来。北京:中国林业出版社,1994.63
16 Stewart GR,Press MC The physiology and biochemistry of parasitic angiosperms. Ann Rev Plant Mol Biol,1990,41:127
17 Hauck C,Muller S,Schildknect H:A germination stimulant from parasitic flowering plants from Sorghum bicolor, a genuine host plant.J Plant Phys 1992,139:474-478
18 Boone LS,Fate G,Chang M,Lynn DG:Seed germination. In Parasitic Plants. Edited by Press MC, Graves JD. New York: Chapman and Hall; 1995:14-38.
19 Cook CE,Whichard LP,Wall ME,Egley GH,Coggan P,Luhan PA,Mc Phail AT:Germination stimulants II . The structure of strigol a potent seed germination stimulant for witchweed (Striga luteaLour).J Amer Chem Soc 1972,94:6198-6199.
20 Bergmann C,Wegmann K,Frischmuth K etal . Stimulation of Orbanche crenata seed germination by (+) strigol and structure analogues. J Plant Physiol,1993,142:338
21 Netzly DH,Butler LG. Roots of sorghum exude hydrophobic droplets containing biologically active components.Crop Science,1986,26:775
22 李天然,寄生被子植物的种子生理及其寄主的相互关系.植物生理通讯,1996.32(6):450-457.
23 John I Yoder,Host-plant recognition by parasitic Scrophulariaceae CurrentOpinion in Plant Biology2001,4:359–365
24 Labrousse P,Arnaud MC,Serieys H,Berville A,Thalouarn P:Several mechanisms are involved in resistance of Helianthus to Orobanche cumana Wallr. Ann Bot 2001,88:859-868.
25 谭德远,采挖和接种肉苁蓉对梭梭群落及其生理生态的影响.硕士论文,2004 年 6 月.
26 胡飞,孔垂华,寄生植物对寄主植物的化学识别.生态学报,2003.23 ( 5)965:971
27 Kim D Kocz,R. Boone,L Keyes,W.J,Lynn D.G.(1998) On becoming a parasite:evaluating the role of wall oxidases in parasitic plant development. Chem. Biol. Interact. 5, 103-117.
28 Handan,S.S.Kinghorn,A D,Cordeu,G A,and Farnsworth,N R 1983.Plant anticancer agent ⅩⅩⅤⅠ. Constituents of Peddiea fischeri J Chem Soc Chem Commun.1975:656-658
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