基于SVS的单木模拟和林分可视化的研究
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摘要
本文以马褂木人工林为研究对象,以单木定位样地资料和常规样地标准地调查数据资料为基础,应用林分可视化系统(SVS)对单木模拟和林分可视化进行了研究。
首先,收集单木定位样地资料和常规样地标准地调查数据资料。基于调查数据对林分结构进行了简单的分析。
其次,应用SVS对样地林分可视化进行了分析,以调查数据为基础利用SVS的“Tree Designer”工具模块进行马褂木树种的树形模拟设计,在此基础上,根据掌握的数据情况以SVS系统为平台对人工马褂木林进行可视化,同时运用Stand Visualization Add-In for Excel工具,使得数据的处理更加方便。研究表明,SVS系统具有很好的林分可视化效果。
在研究马褂木单木模拟的同时,对单木的生长竞争指标也进行了研究,引入泰森多边形竞争指标。用Arc Info软件创建样地每株树木的泰森多边形并计算面积和点密度,通过分析得出泰森多边形株数点密度不适合作为胸径、树高、材积等因子的单木生长竞争指标,而泰森多边形胸高断面积点密度和材积点密度都很适合作为单木生长竞争指标。以林分中每株对象木位置做出的泰森多边形,其面积是对象木的潜在生长空间。因此,用泰森多边形点密度作为单木生长指标,具有明显的生物学意义。
This paper was to study the competition indices of individual tree. Liriodendron artificial stand was picked as the object of study. The research was based on fixed and temporary sample plots data, simulated the individual tree and visualized the stand by applying stand visualization system.
Firstly, collected data according to the form of sample-plot survey, at the same time gathered the locator data of individual, and analyzed the stand structure based on all the information that collected.
Secondly, applying stand visualization system for stand visualization of plot research. Based on the investigating data, applied the tool module "Tree Designer" of stand visualization system designing the tree form of Liriodendron. Afterwards, using simple stand table according to the data above, using SVS system as a platform to visualized the Liriodendron artificial stand. Stand visualization add-in for Excel has been applied for processing the data. Research showed that, SVS system had a very good image of visualizing the stand.
At the same time, integrated a kind of indirect distance-dependent competition index, based on Thiessen Polygon Method into the research of the competition indices of individual tree. Build Thiessen Polygon and calculate square and point density of individual tree in the stand. By analyzing figure out TPZ which should not be considered as the individual growth competition index of diameter, height, volume, etc., on the other hand, TPD & TPV are suitable to be the index. Build Thiessen Polygon according to the location of individual object-tree, the square of which is the potential growing space of object-tree. In that case, using point density of Thiessen Polygon as growth index of individual stand is important in biology.
首先,收集单木定位样地资料和常规样地标准地调查数据资料。基于调查数据对林分结构进行了简单的分析。
其次,应用SVS对样地林分可视化进行了分析,以调查数据为基础利用SVS的“Tree Designer”工具模块进行马褂木树种的树形模拟设计,在此基础上,根据掌握的数据情况以SVS系统为平台对人工马褂木林进行可视化,同时运用Stand Visualization Add-In for Excel工具,使得数据的处理更加方便。研究表明,SVS系统具有很好的林分可视化效果。
在研究马褂木单木模拟的同时,对单木的生长竞争指标也进行了研究,引入泰森多边形竞争指标。用Arc Info软件创建样地每株树木的泰森多边形并计算面积和点密度,通过分析得出泰森多边形株数点密度不适合作为胸径、树高、材积等因子的单木生长竞争指标,而泰森多边形胸高断面积点密度和材积点密度都很适合作为单木生长竞争指标。以林分中每株对象木位置做出的泰森多边形,其面积是对象木的潜在生长空间。因此,用泰森多边形点密度作为单木生长指标,具有明显的生物学意义。
This paper was to study the competition indices of individual tree. Liriodendron artificial stand was picked as the object of study. The research was based on fixed and temporary sample plots data, simulated the individual tree and visualized the stand by applying stand visualization system.
Firstly, collected data according to the form of sample-plot survey, at the same time gathered the locator data of individual, and analyzed the stand structure based on all the information that collected.
Secondly, applying stand visualization system for stand visualization of plot research. Based on the investigating data, applied the tool module "Tree Designer" of stand visualization system designing the tree form of Liriodendron. Afterwards, using simple stand table according to the data above, using SVS system as a platform to visualized the Liriodendron artificial stand. Stand visualization add-in for Excel has been applied for processing the data. Research showed that, SVS system had a very good image of visualizing the stand.
At the same time, integrated a kind of indirect distance-dependent competition index, based on Thiessen Polygon Method into the research of the competition indices of individual tree. Build Thiessen Polygon and calculate square and point density of individual tree in the stand. By analyzing figure out TPZ which should not be considered as the individual growth competition index of diameter, height, volume, etc., on the other hand, TPD & TPV are suitable to be the index. Build Thiessen Polygon according to the location of individual object-tree, the square of which is the potential growing space of object-tree. In that case, using point density of Thiessen Polygon as growth index of individual stand is important in biology.
引文
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[18]郝小琴,孟宪宇,宋铁英.森林生长视景仿真技术的研究[J].林业资源管理,1992(5):57-60.
[19]宋铁英.一种基于图象的林分三维可视模型[J].北京林业大学学报,1998,20(4):93-97.
[20]舒娱琴.基于林分生长规律的虚拟森林环境的构建研究[D].武汉:武汉大学博士学位论文,2004.
[21]陈崇成,唐丽玉,权兵等.基于信息管理的一种虚拟森林景观构建及应用探讨[J].应用生态学,2005,16(11):2047-2052.
[22]唐丽玉,陈崇成,权兵.森林景观的计算机建模与可视化研究进展[J].林业科学,2006,42(10):109-116.
[23]国庆喜,杨光,孙龙.林分可视化系统在帽儿山地区的应用[J].东北林业大学学报(数字化期刊),2005,33(6):100-101,112.
[24]国红,陆元昌,雷相东等.海南省白沙县加勒比松林森林发展类型设计及虚拟实现[J].林业科学,42(sp .1):163-166.
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[28]杜纪山.用二类调查样地建立落叶松单木直径生长模型[J].林业科学研究,1999,12(2):160-164.
[29]林成来,洪伟,吴承祯,何东进,蓝斌.马尾松人工林生长模型的研究[J].福建林学院学报,2000,20(3):227-230.
[30]Lemmon,P.E and F.X.Schumacher.Stocking density around Ponderosan pine trees[J].Forest Sci.1962,8(4):23-27.
[31]Opie J.F,Productivity of individual tee growth using various definition of competing basal area[J].Forest Sci.1968,14(3):314-323.
[32]Bella,A new competition model for individual trees[J].Forest Sci.1971,17:364-372.
[33]Smith,S.H.and J.F.Bell.Using competition stress index to estimate diameter growth for thinned Douglas -fir stands[J].Forest Sci.1983,29(3):491-499.
[34]Hatch.C.R.Simulation of an even-aged red pine stand in northern Minnesota[D].Unpublished PH.D.Thesis,Univ.Minn,1971.
[35]Newnham,R.M.The development of a stand model for Douglas-fir[D].Unpublished Ph.D.Thesis,Univ.B.C.1964.
[36]Lin J.Y.Growth space index and stand simulation of young western hemlock in Origin[D].unpublished Ph.D.Thesis,Duke Univ.1969.
[37]Hegyi,F.Growth Model for Tree and Stand Simulation[D].Royal College of Forest Sweden.1974.
[38]邵国凡.红松人工林单木生长模型的研究[J].东北林业大学学报,1985,13(3):38-46.
[39]Rogers,C.A.Packing and covering[M].Cambridge,Englnad:Cambridge University Perss,1964.
[40]Green,P.J.and Sibson 1977 Computing dirichlet tessellations in the plane[J].The computer J.P.1977:168-173.
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