基于时变可靠度的预应力混凝土桥梁耐久性研究
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摘要
预应力混凝土桥梁在服役过程中,由于受到结构自重、车辆荷载、冲击荷载、疲劳、温度等荷载作用以及碳化、氯离子侵蚀等环境作用和混凝土开裂等材料损伤因素的影响,难以避免的会出现诸多耐久性问题,不仅影响桥梁结构的正常使用,还会给交通运营带来一系列的安全隐患。
本文在已有国内外研究的基础之上,结合河南地区预应力混凝土桥梁服役环境特征,分析其主要耐久性病害及影响因素,综合运用概率理论、电化学理论以及时变可靠度理论等基本理论和方法,确定结构抗力劣化性能的实用计算方法,并建立预应力混凝土桥梁承载能力评价体系。主要的研究内容包含以下几个方面：
(1)系统阐述本课题的国内外研究概况,并指出当前研究中存在的一些问题。
(2)结合河南地区混凝土桥梁的使用状况,对预应力混凝土桥梁中存在的耐久性病害进行归类、整理,确定该地区耐久性病害的主要影响因素并加以分析,为下一步推断其材料性能退化及变形机理模型提供依据。
(3)在已有钢筋混凝土材料性能退化规律研究的基础上,结合本地区检测结果,引入时间参数,研究适合本地区桥梁服役环境的混凝土碳化及力学性能变化、钢筋锈蚀及力学性能变化和氯离子扩散规律。
(4)在已有承载力演变规律的基础之上,考虑荷载效应与结构抗力的随机性特征,结合《公路桥梁承载能力检测评定规程》分析桥梁结构抗力时变规律,构建典型预应力混凝土桥梁时变体系可靠度评价模型,并结合工程实例开展应用。
Due to the impact of structural weight, vehicle load, impact load, fatigue, temperature and the environmental effects of concrete carbonization, chloride ion penetration as well as the material damage of concrete cracking and so on, it is difficult for the prestressed concrete bridge to avoid the emergence of many durability problems, which not only affect the normal use of the bridge structure, but also bring a series of security risks.
Based on the research status at home and abroad, combined with the service environmental features about prestressed concrete bridge on the Henan area, the main durability diseases and its influence factors can be analyzed, and the applied calculation methods of structural resistance deterioration performance are derived from the probability theory, the electrochemical theory as well as the time-variant-reliability theory comprehensively, meanwhile, the bearing capacity evaluation system of prestressed concrete bridge will be established eventually. The main contents in this paper are as follows:
(1) The research status at home and abroad is elaborated systematically, and the problems existing in the current study are showed.
(2) According to the usage of the bridges on the Henan area, the durability diseases are classified, the main factors can be confirmed and analyzed, which provide a basis for inferring the material degradation and deformation mechanism model next chapters.
(3) Combined with the detection result in Henan, the laws of concrete carbonization, steel bar corrosion and chloride diffusion which are suitable for this service environment are studied by introducing time parameter on the basis of existing degradation rule research of reinforced concrete material.
(4) On the basis of existing evolution rule of bearing capacity, considering the stochastic nature of the load effect and structural resistance, the time-varying regularity of the bridge structure resistance will be analyzed combined with the specification for inspection and evaluation of load-bearing capacity of highway bridges; typical time-varying system reliability evaluation model of the prestressed concrete bridge is established and used to a project.
本文在已有国内外研究的基础之上,结合河南地区预应力混凝土桥梁服役环境特征,分析其主要耐久性病害及影响因素,综合运用概率理论、电化学理论以及时变可靠度理论等基本理论和方法,确定结构抗力劣化性能的实用计算方法,并建立预应力混凝土桥梁承载能力评价体系。主要的研究内容包含以下几个方面：
(1)系统阐述本课题的国内外研究概况,并指出当前研究中存在的一些问题。
(2)结合河南地区混凝土桥梁的使用状况,对预应力混凝土桥梁中存在的耐久性病害进行归类、整理,确定该地区耐久性病害的主要影响因素并加以分析,为下一步推断其材料性能退化及变形机理模型提供依据。
(3)在已有钢筋混凝土材料性能退化规律研究的基础上,结合本地区检测结果,引入时间参数,研究适合本地区桥梁服役环境的混凝土碳化及力学性能变化、钢筋锈蚀及力学性能变化和氯离子扩散规律。
(4)在已有承载力演变规律的基础之上,考虑荷载效应与结构抗力的随机性特征,结合《公路桥梁承载能力检测评定规程》分析桥梁结构抗力时变规律,构建典型预应力混凝土桥梁时变体系可靠度评价模型,并结合工程实例开展应用。
Due to the impact of structural weight, vehicle load, impact load, fatigue, temperature and the environmental effects of concrete carbonization, chloride ion penetration as well as the material damage of concrete cracking and so on, it is difficult for the prestressed concrete bridge to avoid the emergence of many durability problems, which not only affect the normal use of the bridge structure, but also bring a series of security risks.
Based on the research status at home and abroad, combined with the service environmental features about prestressed concrete bridge on the Henan area, the main durability diseases and its influence factors can be analyzed, and the applied calculation methods of structural resistance deterioration performance are derived from the probability theory, the electrochemical theory as well as the time-variant-reliability theory comprehensively, meanwhile, the bearing capacity evaluation system of prestressed concrete bridge will be established eventually. The main contents in this paper are as follows:
(1) The research status at home and abroad is elaborated systematically, and the problems existing in the current study are showed.
(2) According to the usage of the bridges on the Henan area, the durability diseases are classified, the main factors can be confirmed and analyzed, which provide a basis for inferring the material degradation and deformation mechanism model next chapters.
(3) Combined with the detection result in Henan, the laws of concrete carbonization, steel bar corrosion and chloride diffusion which are suitable for this service environment are studied by introducing time parameter on the basis of existing degradation rule research of reinforced concrete material.
(4) On the basis of existing evolution rule of bearing capacity, considering the stochastic nature of the load effect and structural resistance, the time-varying regularity of the bridge structure resistance will be analyzed combined with the specification for inspection and evaluation of load-bearing capacity of highway bridges; typical time-varying system reliability evaluation model of the prestressed concrete bridge is established and used to a project.
引文
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[36]吴庆令,余红发,梁丽敏.暴露时间和扩散深度对混凝土氯离子结合能力的影响[J].四川大学学报,2010,5(3)：222-227.
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[2]王钧利.在役预应力混凝土桥梁的耐久性分析[J].混凝士.2006,2：9-11.
[3]J·S·West, C·J·Larosche, B·D·Koester. State-of-the-Art Report about Durability of Post-Tensioned Bridge Substructures [C]. Research Report,1999,1405-1.
[4]Moore·D·G, Klodt·D·T, Hansen·J. Protection of Steel in Prestressed Concrete Bridges [C]. NCHRP Report 90,1970.
[5]Makoto Y. Reliability-based criteria for corrosion in prestressed concrete bridge girders [D]. Michigan:The University of Michigan,2004.
[6]Poston·R·W. Improving Durability of Bridge Decks by Transverse Prestressing [D]. Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin,1984.
[7]Ahmad S, Irons B M, Zienkiewicz O C. Analysis of thick and thin shell structures by curved finite elements [J]. Int. J. Num Meth. Engineering,1970,2:419-451.
[8]Labia, Y.V., Saiidi, M., Douglas, B.. Evaluation and Repair of Full-Scale Prestressed Concrete Girders [J]. CCEER-96-2, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, May 1996.
[9]Perenchio·W·F, Fraczek·J, Pfiefer·D·W. Corrosion Protection of Prestressing Systems in Concrete Bridges [C]. NCHRP Report 313,1989.
[10]Seif S P, Dilger W H. Nonlinear analysis and collapse load of P.C. cable-Stayed bridges [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering,1990,116 (3):829-849.
[11]索清辉.基于概率理论的既有桥梁承载力评估方法研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2006.
[12]凌道盛,张金江,项贻强,等.虚拟层合单元法及其在桥梁工程中的应用[J].土木工程学报,1998,31(3)：22-29.
[13]Timoth J·Dickson, Habib Tabatabai, David A·Whiting,Ph·d, Corrosion Assessment of a 34-Year-Old Precast Post-Tensioned Concrete Tensioned Concrete Girder [J]. PCI Journal, November-December 1993:44-51.
[14]Xu X, Cai R F. A new plate shell element of 16 nodes 40 degree of freedom by relative displacement method [J]. Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering,1993, 1:331-362.
[15]徐兴,凌道盛.实体退化单元系列[J].固体力学学报,2001,22：1-12.
[16]陆春华.现代预应力结构耐久性分析及数值试验研究[D].镇江：江苏大学,2006.
[17]夏桂云.预应力混凝土箱梁承载与裂缝研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2006.
[18]赵尚传,赵国藩.混凝土结构耐久寿命模糊生存分析[J].建筑结构,2002,32(8)：20-22.
[19]陈峰.预应力桥梁结构耐久性与剩余寿命研究[D].西安：长安大学,2011.
[20]张亦涛,方永浩,郑波.荷载与其他因素共同作用下混凝土耐久性研究进展[J].材料导报,2003(9)：48-50.
[21]赵卓,赵水伟,张龚.基于保护层施工偏差的预应力混凝士结构碳化耐久性研究[J].混凝土,2008 V 208,No.10：18-20.
[22]许德胜,肖汝诚,王燕,等.非协调实体退化厚/薄板单元[J].工程力学,2008(8)：64-69.
[23]董振平,牛荻涛,刘西芳,王庆霖.一般大气环境钢筋开始锈蚀时间的计算方法[J].西安建筑科技大学学报.2006,38(2)：204-209.
[24]乐建元.粉煤灰混凝土碳化深度预测模型[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2008.
[25]李果,袁迎曙,耿欧.气候条件对混凝土碳化速度的影响[J].混凝土,2004,No.11：49-53.
[26]柳俊哲,吕丽华,李玉顺.混凝土碳化研究与进展(2)—碳化速度的影响因素及碳化对混凝土品质的影响[J],混凝土,2005,194(12)：10-13.
[27]朱伯龙,肖建庄.碳化混凝土的结构性能[J].工业建筑.1998,28(9)：46-50.
[28]牛荻涛,王庆霖.一般大气环境下混凝土强度经时变化模型[J].工业建筑.1995,25(6).
[29]李桂青,李秋胜.工程结构时变可靠度理论及其应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2001.
[30]Kameda H, Koike T. Reliability analysis of deteriorating structures [J]. Journal of the Structural Division,1975,101 (1):61-67.
[31]朱晓娥.线性极化法检测混凝土中钢筋锈蚀的实验研究[D].汕头：汕头大学,2003.
[32]王林科,陶峰,王庆霖等,锈后钢筋混凝土粘结锚固的试验研究[J].工业建筑,1996,26(4)：14-16.
[33]胡斌.考虑空间变异性的钢筋混凝土桥梁性能退化研究[D].上海：同济大学,2008.
[34]惠云玲,林志伸,李荣.锈蚀钢筋性能试验研究分析[J].工业建筑,1997,6：10-13.
[35]Richard E. Weyers. Service Life Model for Concrete Structures in Chloride Laden Environments.ACI Materials journal,1998,95 (4):445-453.
[36]吴庆令,余红发,梁丽敏.暴露时间和扩散深度对混凝土氯离子结合能力的影响[J].四川大学学报,2010,5(3)：222-227.
[37]Stephen L A, Dwayne A J, Matthew A M, et al. Predicting the service life of concrete marine structures:an environmental methodology [J]. ACI Structural Journal,1998,95 (1):27-36.
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