HTQ800型门架式桅杆起重机设计与分析
摘要
桅杆起重机在工程机械行业称之为抱杆,属于特种起重设备。它是空间的杆系结构,主要是以桅杆为载体的起重机构。桅杆起重机具有起重量大、自重轻、成本低、结构简单、容易实现拆卸、转移和安装等特点。因此被广泛的应用在矿山中开采矿石,港口码头吊运大吨位货物,石油、化工、冶金和电力等行业大型结构设备的安装。目前随着工业设备向大吨位、大结构的方向发展,桅杆起重机的方案设计和结构强度都有了更高的目标。
本课题在充分调研了国内外桅杆起重机实际应用的前提下,深入了解和分析了国内外现有的大型工业设备吊装技术特点和发展趋势,提出了桅杆起重机的总体设计方案,并完成了桅杆起重机主要部件的结构设计。在设计中引入了CAD/CAE技术,利用SolidWorks软件建立了桅杆起重机的三维模型,使其能够实体化、可视化,更加直观的表现了设计思路,从而缩短了设计周期,提高了工作效率。还基于有限元理论,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对桅杆起重机的主门架进行了分析,验证了结构设计的合理性和可靠性,为优化设计整机的结构提供了理论依据。从而避免了因传统设计无法准确计算出零部件的刚度和强度,设计时便采用了较大的安全系数,导致机构“粗、大、笨”的形态而影响整机的动态性能。
本课题所设计的桅杆起重机,是目前国内为数不多的门架类型桅杆起重机的一例,属于创新型设计。本设计改变了过去利用两台或多台大型起重机在有限的空间内配合吊装大型结构件的局面,使大型结构件的吊装变得简单,容易实现。该桅杆起重机满足我国目前石化、冶金和电力行业中大型结构件的吊装需求,使我国起重机械行业有了较大的发展和完善,减轻了国外大吨位起重机械对国内吊装市场的冲击。
Mast crane is called pole in the engineering machinery industry, which is the special lifting equipment. It is a space truss structure, mainly based on the lifting body as a carrier mast. Mast crane with features such lifting capacity, light weight, low cost, simple structure. Therefore it widely used in petroleum, chemical, metallurgical and power industries of large structures and equipment installation. Now with the large-tonnage industrial equipment and large structures in the direction of the mast crane design and structural strength, it has a higher goal.
Investigation of the subject in the crane mast at home and abroad under the premise of understanding , analysis of existing large-scale equipment lifting characteristics and development trend of technology. We present the overall design of the crane mast and the mast crane completed the structural design of the main components. We introduced in the design process CAD / CAE technology, the use of SolidWorks software to establish a three-dimensional model of the mast crane, a more intuitive performance of the design ideas, so as to shorten the design cycle and improve work efficiency. We are also based on finite element theory; the use of ANSYS, the main mast of crane mast was analyzed to verify the structural design is reasonable and reliable.
The project is designed mast crane, is one of the few types of gantry crane mast case, is an innovative design. The design changed two or more instruments in the past which in the limited space for large cranes with lifting large-scale structure within the situation, so that alter large-scale structure of the lifting more easily. The mast crane can satisfy China's current petrochemical, metallurgy and power industry which need a large structure lifting. It makes my lifting machinery industry has made significant development and improvement, reducing the tonnage of foreign lifting crane on the domestic market impact.
本课题在充分调研了国内外桅杆起重机实际应用的前提下,深入了解和分析了国内外现有的大型工业设备吊装技术特点和发展趋势,提出了桅杆起重机的总体设计方案,并完成了桅杆起重机主要部件的结构设计。在设计中引入了CAD/CAE技术,利用SolidWorks软件建立了桅杆起重机的三维模型,使其能够实体化、可视化,更加直观的表现了设计思路,从而缩短了设计周期,提高了工作效率。还基于有限元理论,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对桅杆起重机的主门架进行了分析,验证了结构设计的合理性和可靠性,为优化设计整机的结构提供了理论依据。从而避免了因传统设计无法准确计算出零部件的刚度和强度,设计时便采用了较大的安全系数,导致机构“粗、大、笨”的形态而影响整机的动态性能。
本课题所设计的桅杆起重机,是目前国内为数不多的门架类型桅杆起重机的一例,属于创新型设计。本设计改变了过去利用两台或多台大型起重机在有限的空间内配合吊装大型结构件的局面,使大型结构件的吊装变得简单,容易实现。该桅杆起重机满足我国目前石化、冶金和电力行业中大型结构件的吊装需求,使我国起重机械行业有了较大的发展和完善,减轻了国外大吨位起重机械对国内吊装市场的冲击。
Mast crane is called pole in the engineering machinery industry, which is the special lifting equipment. It is a space truss structure, mainly based on the lifting body as a carrier mast. Mast crane with features such lifting capacity, light weight, low cost, simple structure. Therefore it widely used in petroleum, chemical, metallurgical and power industries of large structures and equipment installation. Now with the large-tonnage industrial equipment and large structures in the direction of the mast crane design and structural strength, it has a higher goal.
Investigation of the subject in the crane mast at home and abroad under the premise of understanding , analysis of existing large-scale equipment lifting characteristics and development trend of technology. We present the overall design of the crane mast and the mast crane completed the structural design of the main components. We introduced in the design process CAD / CAE technology, the use of SolidWorks software to establish a three-dimensional model of the mast crane, a more intuitive performance of the design ideas, so as to shorten the design cycle and improve work efficiency. We are also based on finite element theory; the use of ANSYS, the main mast of crane mast was analyzed to verify the structural design is reasonable and reliable.
The project is designed mast crane, is one of the few types of gantry crane mast case, is an innovative design. The design changed two or more instruments in the past which in the limited space for large cranes with lifting large-scale structure within the situation, so that alter large-scale structure of the lifting more easily. The mast crane can satisfy China's current petrochemical, metallurgy and power industry which need a large structure lifting. It makes my lifting machinery industry has made significant development and improvement, reducing the tonnage of foreign lifting crane on the domestic market impact.
引文
[1]贤澄清.大型吊车及大型吊装市场分析[J].今日工程机械,2006,09:37-39.
[2]杨长骙,付东明.起重机械[M].第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,1989:1-60.
[3]何焯.设备起重吊装工程[M].第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:116-352.
[4]贾秋枫.大型履带起重机吊装市场现状及发展趋势[J].建筑机械化,2008,08:24-25.
[5]申琳.800x40000mm全钢抱杆力学性能研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2008:5-8.
[6]马星,邓洪测,王肇明.桅杆结构静力分析简化计算方法[J].力学与实践.2001,23:31-33
[7]王肇明,王之宏,颜明忠.桅杆结构[M].北京:科学出版社,2001: 5-355.
[8] LIU Chao-zhi. A 500t litfing mast strueture and its operational Perofmrance [J].Petroleum Engineering Construetion, 1996, 6:28-33.
[9] Shehata A Y. Finite element modeling of traosmission line under downburst wind loading[J]. Finite Elements in Analysisand Design, 2005, 42:1-89.
[10]常利武.某矿山立井起吊用抱杆加固及其有限元分析[J].石油和矿业工程,2004,8:59-60.
[11]李杰,刘展.内抱式组立杆塔方法研究[J].四川电力技术,2005,2: 3-6.
[12] Hida, Masatoshi, Okamoto, Akira. DeveloPment of automatic welding system for crawler crane lattieed booms[J]. Research and Development Robe Steel Engineering RePorts, 2007:86-89.
[13]杨秀娟.特大型起重桅杆吊装过程的稳定性数值模拟分析[J].石油大学学报,2004,6:90-93.
[14]赵正义.桅杆式机械设备组合基础的设计原理及其主要构造[J].前沿科学,2008,2(2):42-52.
[15]黄庆锦.大截面悬浮抱杆提升架的设计与应用[J].上海电力,2010,2:137-139.
[16] Bernard Ross, Brian McDonald, S.E.Vijay Saraf. Big blue goes down[J]. The Miller Park crane accident. Engineering Failure Analysis,2007,14:942-961.
[17]陈溪,罗永峰.整体张拉桅杆结构的多样化模块组合[J].结构工程师,2007,23(1):38-41.
[18] Guangfu Sun, Miehael Kleeberger, JieLiu. Complete dynamic caleulation of lattice mobile crane during hoisting motion. Mechanism and Maehine Theory, 2005,40:447-466.
[19]宋振富.用四柱龙门起重桅杆安装20t/h组装蒸汽锅炉[J].煤矿现代化,2006,6:29-30.
[20]段铁群.机械系统设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:5-52.
[21]王福绵.起重机械技术检验[M].北京:学苑出版社,2000:3-17.
[22] GUO Huai-cheng, LIU Yong, HUANG Kai. Mixed uncertainty analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inhalation and riskassessment in ambient air of Beijing[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2008, 20(4): 505-512.
[23]侯珍秀,孙靖民.机械系统设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000:16-17.
[24] PHarikrishna, A.Annaduri, S.Gomathlnayagam, N. Lakshmanan, Full scale measurements of the structural resPonse of a 50 guyed mast under wind loading, Engineering Structures, 2003, 25: 859-867.
[25]孙云,陈宏学.抱杆的受力计算研究[J].湖北电力,2009,33(6): 27-29.
[26]马星,邓洪洲,王肇民.随机风荷载作用下桅杆结构响应计算的离散分析法[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(4):17-21.
[27]李树逊,王肇民.桅杆结构在模拟风荷载下的非线性动力分析[J].建筑结构,1999,9:44-46.
[28]王振.钢丝绳强度检测原理与系统研究[D].青岛,青岛理工大学,2007:8-15.
[29] QIN Ting-rong, CHEN Wei-jiong, ZENG Xiang-kun. Risk management modeling and its application in maritime safety[J]. Journal of Marine Science andApplication, 2008, 7(4): 286-291.
[30]戈晓岚.金属材料与热处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004,5-159.
[31]胡仁喜,郭军,王佩楷等.SolidWorks 2005机械设计及实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:2-8.
[32]詹迪维.Solidworks机械产品高级开发技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009:18-22.
[33] Los Angeles. Structural Research and Analysis Corporation.COSMOS/Works Version 5.0 User’s Guide[M]. California, 1999:78-95.
[34]李开泰,黄艾香,黄庆怀.有限元方法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:150-210.
[35]高秀华.有限元法原理及应用简明教程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008,08:12-24.
[36]王明强,朱永梅,刘文欣.有限元网格划分方法应用研究[J].机械设计与制造,2004,01:22-24.
[37]张朝晖.ANSYS8.0结构分析及实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:6-13.
[38]王守城,段俊勇.液压元件及选用主编[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:121-200.
[39]江继海.液压传动[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006:1-15.
[40]孙建林.材料成形摩擦与润滑[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007: 8-33.
[41] ZHAO Jing-yi, CHEN Zhuo-ru, WANG Yi-qun. The develoPment and Prospcet of hydraulic reliability engineering[J]. The 5th International Conference of Fluid Power Transmission and Control. Hangzhou:2001.404-410.
[42] Christopher G.Hubert, Scott W.McJames, Ian Mecham, Randal O.Dull. Digital imaging system andvirtual instrument platform for measuring hydraulic conductivity of vascular endothelial monolayers[J].Microvascular Research,2006,71(2):135-140.
[43]沈世德.液压缸传动机构的运动优化设计[J].工程机械,1998,7: 6-10.
[2]杨长骙,付东明.起重机械[M].第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,1989:1-60.
[3]何焯.设备起重吊装工程[M].第二版.北京:机械工业出版社,2005:116-352.
[4]贾秋枫.大型履带起重机吊装市场现状及发展趋势[J].建筑机械化,2008,08:24-25.
[5]申琳.800x40000mm全钢抱杆力学性能研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2008:5-8.
[6]马星,邓洪测,王肇明.桅杆结构静力分析简化计算方法[J].力学与实践.2001,23:31-33
[7]王肇明,王之宏,颜明忠.桅杆结构[M].北京:科学出版社,2001: 5-355.
[8] LIU Chao-zhi. A 500t litfing mast strueture and its operational Perofmrance [J].Petroleum Engineering Construetion, 1996, 6:28-33.
[9] Shehata A Y. Finite element modeling of traosmission line under downburst wind loading[J]. Finite Elements in Analysisand Design, 2005, 42:1-89.
[10]常利武.某矿山立井起吊用抱杆加固及其有限元分析[J].石油和矿业工程,2004,8:59-60.
[11]李杰,刘展.内抱式组立杆塔方法研究[J].四川电力技术,2005,2: 3-6.
[12] Hida, Masatoshi, Okamoto, Akira. DeveloPment of automatic welding system for crawler crane lattieed booms[J]. Research and Development Robe Steel Engineering RePorts, 2007:86-89.
[13]杨秀娟.特大型起重桅杆吊装过程的稳定性数值模拟分析[J].石油大学学报,2004,6:90-93.
[14]赵正义.桅杆式机械设备组合基础的设计原理及其主要构造[J].前沿科学,2008,2(2):42-52.
[15]黄庆锦.大截面悬浮抱杆提升架的设计与应用[J].上海电力,2010,2:137-139.
[16] Bernard Ross, Brian McDonald, S.E.Vijay Saraf. Big blue goes down[J]. The Miller Park crane accident. Engineering Failure Analysis,2007,14:942-961.
[17]陈溪,罗永峰.整体张拉桅杆结构的多样化模块组合[J].结构工程师,2007,23(1):38-41.
[18] Guangfu Sun, Miehael Kleeberger, JieLiu. Complete dynamic caleulation of lattice mobile crane during hoisting motion. Mechanism and Maehine Theory, 2005,40:447-466.
[19]宋振富.用四柱龙门起重桅杆安装20t/h组装蒸汽锅炉[J].煤矿现代化,2006,6:29-30.
[20]段铁群.机械系统设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:5-52.
[21]王福绵.起重机械技术检验[M].北京:学苑出版社,2000:3-17.
[22] GUO Huai-cheng, LIU Yong, HUANG Kai. Mixed uncertainty analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inhalation and riskassessment in ambient air of Beijing[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2008, 20(4): 505-512.
[23]侯珍秀,孙靖民.机械系统设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2000:16-17.
[24] PHarikrishna, A.Annaduri, S.Gomathlnayagam, N. Lakshmanan, Full scale measurements of the structural resPonse of a 50 guyed mast under wind loading, Engineering Structures, 2003, 25: 859-867.
[25]孙云,陈宏学.抱杆的受力计算研究[J].湖北电力,2009,33(6): 27-29.
[26]马星,邓洪洲,王肇民.随机风荷载作用下桅杆结构响应计算的离散分析法[J].振动工程学报,2001,14(4):17-21.
[27]李树逊,王肇民.桅杆结构在模拟风荷载下的非线性动力分析[J].建筑结构,1999,9:44-46.
[28]王振.钢丝绳强度检测原理与系统研究[D].青岛,青岛理工大学,2007:8-15.
[29] QIN Ting-rong, CHEN Wei-jiong, ZENG Xiang-kun. Risk management modeling and its application in maritime safety[J]. Journal of Marine Science andApplication, 2008, 7(4): 286-291.
[30]戈晓岚.金属材料与热处理[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004,5-159.
[31]胡仁喜,郭军,王佩楷等.SolidWorks 2005机械设计及实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:2-8.
[32]詹迪维.Solidworks机械产品高级开发技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009:18-22.
[33] Los Angeles. Structural Research and Analysis Corporation.COSMOS/Works Version 5.0 User’s Guide[M]. California, 1999:78-95.
[34]李开泰,黄艾香,黄庆怀.有限元方法及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:150-210.
[35]高秀华.有限元法原理及应用简明教程[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2008,08:12-24.
[36]王明强,朱永梅,刘文欣.有限元网格划分方法应用研究[J].机械设计与制造,2004,01:22-24.
[37]张朝晖.ANSYS8.0结构分析及实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005:6-13.
[38]王守城,段俊勇.液压元件及选用主编[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007:121-200.
[39]江继海.液压传动[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2006:1-15.
[40]孙建林.材料成形摩擦与润滑[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007: 8-33.
[41] ZHAO Jing-yi, CHEN Zhuo-ru, WANG Yi-qun. The develoPment and Prospcet of hydraulic reliability engineering[J]. The 5th International Conference of Fluid Power Transmission and Control. Hangzhou:2001.404-410.
[42] Christopher G.Hubert, Scott W.McJames, Ian Mecham, Randal O.Dull. Digital imaging system andvirtual instrument platform for measuring hydraulic conductivity of vascular endothelial monolayers[J].Microvascular Research,2006,71(2):135-140.
[43]沈世德.液压缸传动机构的运动优化设计[J].工程机械,1998,7: 6-10.