植物根系固坡对边坡稳定性影响的数值分析
摘要
改革开放以来,我国经济发展迅速,公路、铁路等基础设施得到了长足的发展,由此形成了大量的人工边坡。这些人工边坡大都破坏了边坡的原始生态环境,并且造成大量的土石方浪费。在这种情况下,寻找一种既能防护边坡又能保持生态环境的合理的边坡防护方法就成了函待解决的问题。植被护坡技术作为一门工程技术,已经在边坡治理中得到了广泛的应用。利用根系发达的植物进行边坡防护与加固,不仅有利于边坡的稳定,也利于环境保护,近年来受到普遍关注,但是目前人们对其研究的步伐却滞后于工程实践中的应用。从现有的研究材料来看,人们对植被护坡技术的研究只是停留在定性认识阶段,因此对植物根系防护边坡的机理展开就显得十分的必要。
本文首先通过文献调研,总结了前人的研究成果,论述了植物根系的形态及其相关的护坡效应;随后通过理论推导得出了根系对边坡的加筋、锚固、牵引等力学效应以及植物根系锚固边坡的力学计算模型;在此基础上建立有限元模型论述植物根系加固边坡的各种影响因素,并和水泥浆加固边坡进行对比,探讨两种边坡加固方式的优劣性。最后总结了如何选择边坡防护植物以及具体的防护方法、施工方案,并给出了相关的建议。
Since the reform and opening-up policy , the economy of our country developed rapidly, infrastructure such as highway and railway got rapid progress,and formed a lot of artificial slopes.These artificial slope mostly damaged slope's original ecological environment,and caused a lot of waste about cubic meter of earth and stone. in this case,Looking for a way that can protect slope and keep the ecological environment of the slope become a very important problem.Bioengineering techniques have been in wide use in slope protections as a branch of science and technology.Using vegetable to the slope defense and reinforcement is not only benefit to slope stability, but also to the environment protection. This method has been paid far and wide attention in recent years. But the peace of the bioengineering techniques for slope protection islagging behind the applying in engineering practice.The study of he bioengineering techniques for slope protection is still proceeding on qualitative understanding now.So it is very necessary to deliberate how the roots reinforce the slope.
first through the literature research, this paper Summarizes the research results of the former,and Discusses the configuration of plant roots and its related revetment effect;Then through the theoretical derivation obtained the mechanics effect that root reinforcement anchorage traction the slope and computational models that Plant roots anchorage the slope; on that basis build the finite element model and Discusses various influencing factors that plant roots anchorage the slope,And comparison of slurry reinforced slope,find who is better.Finally summarized the how to choose the slope protection plant and the specific methods of protection and construction plan,And give the corresponding Suggestions.
本文首先通过文献调研,总结了前人的研究成果,论述了植物根系的形态及其相关的护坡效应;随后通过理论推导得出了根系对边坡的加筋、锚固、牵引等力学效应以及植物根系锚固边坡的力学计算模型;在此基础上建立有限元模型论述植物根系加固边坡的各种影响因素,并和水泥浆加固边坡进行对比,探讨两种边坡加固方式的优劣性。最后总结了如何选择边坡防护植物以及具体的防护方法、施工方案,并给出了相关的建议。
Since the reform and opening-up policy , the economy of our country developed rapidly, infrastructure such as highway and railway got rapid progress,and formed a lot of artificial slopes.These artificial slope mostly damaged slope's original ecological environment,and caused a lot of waste about cubic meter of earth and stone. in this case,Looking for a way that can protect slope and keep the ecological environment of the slope become a very important problem.Bioengineering techniques have been in wide use in slope protections as a branch of science and technology.Using vegetable to the slope defense and reinforcement is not only benefit to slope stability, but also to the environment protection. This method has been paid far and wide attention in recent years. But the peace of the bioengineering techniques for slope protection islagging behind the applying in engineering practice.The study of he bioengineering techniques for slope protection is still proceeding on qualitative understanding now.So it is very necessary to deliberate how the roots reinforce the slope.
first through the literature research, this paper Summarizes the research results of the former,and Discusses the configuration of plant roots and its related revetment effect;Then through the theoretical derivation obtained the mechanics effect that root reinforcement anchorage traction the slope and computational models that Plant roots anchorage the slope; on that basis build the finite element model and Discusses various influencing factors that plant roots anchorage the slope,And comparison of slurry reinforced slope,find who is better.Finally summarized the how to choose the slope protection plant and the specific methods of protection and construction plan,And give the corresponding Suggestions.
引文
[1]王玮,冯治安,高建立.高等级公路边坡综合防护系统探讨[J].河南交通科技, 1999, 19(6): 29-33.
[2]周星魁,王忠科,蔡强国.植物和坡度影响入渗过程的试验研究[J].山西水土保持科技, 1996, 74(4): 10-13.
[3]林伟.高速公路路堑边坡防护、绿化、景观综合处治[J].中外公路, 2002, 22(3): 66-67.
[4]胡中华,刘师汉.草坪与地被植物[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 1995.
[5]向劲松.林业生态工程(林业专业)[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002.
[6]黄丽霞,秦华,杨振华.高速公路人工创伤剖面生态防护的植物选择[J].中外公路, 2005, Vol. 25, No. 6.
[7]刘建宁,高洪文.山西太原高速公路边坡绿化种草技术研究[J].中国草地, 1999(6): 23-26.
[8]李旭光,毛文碧,徐福有.日本的公路边坡绿化与防护—1991年赶日本考考察报告[J].公路交通技术, 1995(6): 59-64.
[9]舒翔,曹映泓.建绿色通道,走环保之路—惠河高速公路边坡综合治理实践[J].公路, 2001(2): 79-83.
[10]中华人民共和国行业标准,公路环境保护设计规范(JTJ/006—98),北京:人民交通出版社, 1998.
[11]安淑红,张正雄.路基边坡稳定分析方法及防护体系的发展与展望[J].林业建设, 2003(2): 24-29.
[12]柯成春,冯子元.生物绿篱加固工程的关键物种一香根草[J].人民珠江, 2002(2): 42-43.
[13]项新里.借鉴发达国家经验融公路于自然环境之中[J].公路, 2002(4): 127-128.
[14]吴长文,徐宁娟.摆喷式人工降雨机的特性实验.南昌大学学报(工科版), 1995, 17(l): 58-66.
[15] Barker D H ed. Vegetation and slopes Stabilization. Protection and Ecology---proceedings of the International Conference Held at the University Museum Oxford: 1994, 29-30.
[16] Ng C W and Shi Q.A numerical investigation of the stability of unsaturated soil slopes subjected to transient seepage[J]Computers and Geotechnics, 1998, 22(1): 1-28.
[17] MoorishR. H. , 1943: The magnitude of the reinforcing role of tree roots. Moscow Univ. Herald, Scientific Jour. , series V, no. 4, pp. 78-80.
[18] waldron. , Lundeberg, G. and Scholander, J. (1977): Root distribution and compression strength in forest soils. Research Notes no. 22. Departments of Forest Ecology and Forest Soils, Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm, Sweden.
[19] Nilaweera N S. Effects of tree roots on slope stability: the case of Khao Luang Mountain area, So. Thailand. DiwaldronNo. GT-93-2, Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology, 1969.
[20] Endo andTsurut. and Swanston, D. N. (1977) Root strength changes after logging in southeast Alaska. U. S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Res. Note PNW-306, Portland, OR, USA.
[21]张云伟,刘跃明,周跃.云南松侧根摩擦型根土粘合键的破坏机制及模型.山地学报, 2002, Vol. 20, No. 5: 628～631.
[22]周跃,徐强,骆华松.乔木侧根对土体的斜向牵引效应的研究(Ⅰ)原理和计算.山地学报, 1999, Vol. 17, No. 1: 4～9.
[23] Alonso E, Gens A, Lioret A, Delahse C. Effect of rain infi1tration on thestability of slope[J]. Unsaturated Soils, 1995(1): 241-249.
[24] Barker D H ed. Vegetation and slopes Stabilization. Protection and Ecology---proceedings of the International Conference Held at the University Museum Oxford: 1994, 29-30.
[25] National Research Council. Vetiver Grass: a thin green line against erosion. Washington, D. C. ; National Academy press, 1993.
[26] R. J. Loch, T. Espigares, A. Costantini, etc. Vegetative filtier strips to control sediment in forest plantations; validation of a simple model using field data. Aust. J. Soil Res, 1999, 37(1): 929-946.
[27] Gale MR, Grigal D E. Vertical root distribution of northern tree species in relation to successional status. Can J For, 1987, 17; 829-834.
[28]刘叔套.高速公路环境保护与绿化.人民交通出版社, 2001. 7
[2]周星魁,王忠科,蔡强国.植物和坡度影响入渗过程的试验研究[J].山西水土保持科技, 1996, 74(4): 10-13.
[3]林伟.高速公路路堑边坡防护、绿化、景观综合处治[J].中外公路, 2002, 22(3): 66-67.
[4]胡中华,刘师汉.草坪与地被植物[M].北京:中国林业出版社, 1995.
[5]向劲松.林业生态工程(林业专业)[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002.
[6]黄丽霞,秦华,杨振华.高速公路人工创伤剖面生态防护的植物选择[J].中外公路, 2005, Vol. 25, No. 6.
[7]刘建宁,高洪文.山西太原高速公路边坡绿化种草技术研究[J].中国草地, 1999(6): 23-26.
[8]李旭光,毛文碧,徐福有.日本的公路边坡绿化与防护—1991年赶日本考考察报告[J].公路交通技术, 1995(6): 59-64.
[9]舒翔,曹映泓.建绿色通道,走环保之路—惠河高速公路边坡综合治理实践[J].公路, 2001(2): 79-83.
[10]中华人民共和国行业标准,公路环境保护设计规范(JTJ/006—98),北京:人民交通出版社, 1998.
[11]安淑红,张正雄.路基边坡稳定分析方法及防护体系的发展与展望[J].林业建设, 2003(2): 24-29.
[12]柯成春,冯子元.生物绿篱加固工程的关键物种一香根草[J].人民珠江, 2002(2): 42-43.
[13]项新里.借鉴发达国家经验融公路于自然环境之中[J].公路, 2002(4): 127-128.
[14]吴长文,徐宁娟.摆喷式人工降雨机的特性实验.南昌大学学报(工科版), 1995, 17(l): 58-66.
[15] Barker D H ed. Vegetation and slopes Stabilization. Protection and Ecology---proceedings of the International Conference Held at the University Museum Oxford: 1994, 29-30.
[16] Ng C W and Shi Q.A numerical investigation of the stability of unsaturated soil slopes subjected to transient seepage[J]Computers and Geotechnics, 1998, 22(1): 1-28.
[17] MoorishR. H. , 1943: The magnitude of the reinforcing role of tree roots. Moscow Univ. Herald, Scientific Jour. , series V, no. 4, pp. 78-80.
[18] waldron. , Lundeberg, G. and Scholander, J. (1977): Root distribution and compression strength in forest soils. Research Notes no. 22. Departments of Forest Ecology and Forest Soils, Royal College of Forestry, Stockholm, Sweden.
[19] Nilaweera N S. Effects of tree roots on slope stability: the case of Khao Luang Mountain area, So. Thailand. DiwaldronNo. GT-93-2, Bangkok: Asian Institute of Technology, 1969.
[20] Endo andTsurut. and Swanston, D. N. (1977) Root strength changes after logging in southeast Alaska. U. S. Dep. Agric. For. Serv. Res. Note PNW-306, Portland, OR, USA.
[21]张云伟,刘跃明,周跃.云南松侧根摩擦型根土粘合键的破坏机制及模型.山地学报, 2002, Vol. 20, No. 5: 628～631.
[22]周跃,徐强,骆华松.乔木侧根对土体的斜向牵引效应的研究(Ⅰ)原理和计算.山地学报, 1999, Vol. 17, No. 1: 4～9.
[23] Alonso E, Gens A, Lioret A, Delahse C. Effect of rain infi1tration on thestability of slope[J]. Unsaturated Soils, 1995(1): 241-249.
[24] Barker D H ed. Vegetation and slopes Stabilization. Protection and Ecology---proceedings of the International Conference Held at the University Museum Oxford: 1994, 29-30.
[25] National Research Council. Vetiver Grass: a thin green line against erosion. Washington, D. C. ; National Academy press, 1993.
[26] R. J. Loch, T. Espigares, A. Costantini, etc. Vegetative filtier strips to control sediment in forest plantations; validation of a simple model using field data. Aust. J. Soil Res, 1999, 37(1): 929-946.
[27] Gale MR, Grigal D E. Vertical root distribution of northern tree species in relation to successional status. Can J For, 1987, 17; 829-834.
[28]刘叔套.高速公路环境保护与绿化.人民交通出版社, 2001. 7
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