IP承载网QoS综合保障机制的研究与应用
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摘要
QoS(Quality of Serviee)即服务质量,是用于衡量服务满意程度的综合指标。随着网络的普及发展以及网络数据传输量的迅猛增长,如何实现端到端的QoS成为热点课题之一。目前的IP路由技术以及组网方式不能适应网络的扩展和许多增值业务的实现,IP网络不能保证特定业务的特殊QoS要求,成为IP网络向宽带综合服务网络发展的巨大障碍。如何满足网络的QoS要求,以使网络能够灵活地根据业务的具体特点提供给客户满意的服务,是业界急待解决的问题。
现有的各种QOS实现机制,包括综合服务(Intserv)模型、区分服务(Diffserv)模型、QoS路由、多协议标记交换(MPLS)等技术都有各自的技术特点、优缺点以及应用领域,但它们都无法单独实现完全的QoS保证。由于多协议标记交换技术(MPLS)兼具了IP的灵活性、可扩展性和ATM硬件交换技术的高速性能、QoS性能、流量控制性能,可以兼容现有各种主流网络技术,减少网络的复杂度,大幅度降低组网成本,在向用户提供IP业务时,能确保QoS及其安全性。因此,将MPLS技术与Intserv和Diffserv模型相结合的机制可以充分利用MPLS的显式路由能力以及Diffserv模型的可扩展性,在可实施性和扩展性方面具有一定的优势,成为普遍看好的解决IP骨干网中QoS问题的有效技术。
本文首先讨论了QoS的关键技术,分析了Intserv、Diffserv和QoS路由的基本原理、工作方式,指出它们各自的优缺点和网络应用环境。然后在分析MPLS基本原理的基础上,详细论述了MPLS技术对流量工程和Diffserv模型支持的要求,从流量工程的角度分析了用DS—TE技术保障端到端IPQoS的解决方案,并给出了三种混合模型的实现方案。最后部分指出了本研究的创新点与特点,以及需要继续努力的方向。
QoS is used as a synthetic index to measure the satisfied extent of applying some service.With the development of Network and explosive increase of data flow, It brings up a challenging task to handle the problems that how to deal with QoS from Peer to Peer.With present IP Routing Technology and Network structure, it is not easy to expand the whole network and to provide various services.Not undertaking QoS requirement has become the obstacle of the IP Network's development.How to resolve the problem and provide the satisfied service according to the special proceeding flexibly needs instant answers.
Several major mechanisms which could realize QoS guarantee,including chalaeteristics and applications of Intserv model,Diffserv model,QoS rouling. MPLS and kinds of related techniques,have their advantages and disadvantages separetly.And only a single kind of QoS mechism can not solve problems of quality of service.MPLS iniegrate the peculiarity of ATM and IP.The technology has good flexibility and high speed.Adopting it can include various central network technologies.So the combination of Diffserv,Intserv and MPLS mechanism makes use of the explicit route ability of MPLS and the scalability of Diffserv.It has been believed universally to be the effective technology to resolve the IP QoS problems of backbone networks at Present.
The paper introduces key technology of IP QoS first,analyzes the basic theory and work style of Intserv、Diffserv and QoS routing。Then it Based on the analysis of the principle of MPLS technology,it studies the feasibility of the integration of the QoS and the traffic engineering under the framework of the MPLS technology.And a detailed analysisis given for the requirement of the MPLS to support the Differv model.And expound the solution of end—to—end IP QoS using MPLS DS—TE.Finally,it expound three mixed solutions.The last part of this paper point out some deficiency in this project
现有的各种QOS实现机制,包括综合服务(Intserv)模型、区分服务(Diffserv)模型、QoS路由、多协议标记交换(MPLS)等技术都有各自的技术特点、优缺点以及应用领域,但它们都无法单独实现完全的QoS保证。由于多协议标记交换技术(MPLS)兼具了IP的灵活性、可扩展性和ATM硬件交换技术的高速性能、QoS性能、流量控制性能,可以兼容现有各种主流网络技术,减少网络的复杂度,大幅度降低组网成本,在向用户提供IP业务时,能确保QoS及其安全性。因此,将MPLS技术与Intserv和Diffserv模型相结合的机制可以充分利用MPLS的显式路由能力以及Diffserv模型的可扩展性,在可实施性和扩展性方面具有一定的优势,成为普遍看好的解决IP骨干网中QoS问题的有效技术。
本文首先讨论了QoS的关键技术,分析了Intserv、Diffserv和QoS路由的基本原理、工作方式,指出它们各自的优缺点和网络应用环境。然后在分析MPLS基本原理的基础上,详细论述了MPLS技术对流量工程和Diffserv模型支持的要求,从流量工程的角度分析了用DS—TE技术保障端到端IPQoS的解决方案,并给出了三种混合模型的实现方案。最后部分指出了本研究的创新点与特点,以及需要继续努力的方向。
QoS is used as a synthetic index to measure the satisfied extent of applying some service.With the development of Network and explosive increase of data flow, It brings up a challenging task to handle the problems that how to deal with QoS from Peer to Peer.With present IP Routing Technology and Network structure, it is not easy to expand the whole network and to provide various services.Not undertaking QoS requirement has become the obstacle of the IP Network's development.How to resolve the problem and provide the satisfied service according to the special proceeding flexibly needs instant answers.
Several major mechanisms which could realize QoS guarantee,including chalaeteristics and applications of Intserv model,Diffserv model,QoS rouling. MPLS and kinds of related techniques,have their advantages and disadvantages separetly.And only a single kind of QoS mechism can not solve problems of quality of service.MPLS iniegrate the peculiarity of ATM and IP.The technology has good flexibility and high speed.Adopting it can include various central network technologies.So the combination of Diffserv,Intserv and MPLS mechanism makes use of the explicit route ability of MPLS and the scalability of Diffserv.It has been believed universally to be the effective technology to resolve the IP QoS problems of backbone networks at Present.
The paper introduces key technology of IP QoS first,analyzes the basic theory and work style of Intserv、Diffserv and QoS routing。Then it Based on the analysis of the principle of MPLS technology,it studies the feasibility of the integration of the QoS and the traffic engineering under the framework of the MPLS technology.And a detailed analysisis given for the requirement of the MPLS to support the Differv model.And expound the solution of end—to—end IP QoS using MPLS DS—TE.Finally,it expound three mixed solutions.The last part of this paper point out some deficiency in this project
引文
铩颷1]下一代网络服务质量技术/刘韵洁,张云勇,张智江编著,一北京:电子工业出版社,2005.8 ISBN 7-121-01485-8.
[2]龚双瑾,刘多(GONG Shuang-jin,LIU Duo),下一代电信网的关键技术(The KeyTechnology of NGN)[M].北京:国防工业出版社(Beijing:National Defence'S IndustryPress),2003.
[3]陆慧梅,向勇,史关林(LU Hui.mei,XIANG Yong,SHI Mei,Lin).Internet QoS研究(Research on Internet QoS)[J].小型微型机算机系统(Microcomputer System),2002,23(7):786-791.
[4]Stallings,w著,齐望尔等译.高速网络与互联网性能与服务质量(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2003.1.
[5]冀鑫泉,桂志波(JI xin-quan,GUI Zhi-bo).Internet中QoS路由算法研究现状及其展(Research on IP QoS RoutingMgorithm)[J].江苏通信技术(Jiangsu CommunicationTechnology),2003,19(1):517-523.
[6]吴江编著.下一代的骨干网络技术-多协议标记交换.北京:人民邮电出版2001,1.
[7]袁刚,甘家宝.MPLS网络的QoS及其管理框架实现方式.重庆邮电学院学报,2003,9.
[8]赵慧玲,吴江(ZHAO Hui-ling,WU Jiang).MPLS QoS的研究(Study of MPLS QoS)[J].世界电信(World Telecommuication),2000,(5):7-11.
[9]R.Braden,Ed,L.Zhang,S.Berson."Resource ReSerVation Protocol(RSVP)-Version1 Functional Specification",RFC 2205,september 1997.
[10]Braden,R.,Clark,D.and S.Shenker,"Integrated Services in the InternetArchitecture:An Overview",RFC1633,July 1994.
[11]Wroclawski J.The USE of RSVP with IETF intergrated services,ww ief.org/fc/fc 2210.txt,Sep-1997.
[12]隆克平,龚向阳,阀喜戎等.IP网络的服务质量-多业务互联网的基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.15-63.
[13]刘立卫.企业应用集成与服务水平协议.现代电信科技.2003(6).10-13
[14]X.Xiao,M.Ni.InternetQoS,A Big Picture.IEEE Network,Macrh 1999,13(128-189.
[15]W.sun,QoS/Poloicy/Constaintbasedoruting,http://www.cis.ohio-staet.edu/jain/cis788-99/QoSrouting/index.html.1999
[16]R.Guerin,S.Kamat,S.Herzog.QoS Path Management with RSVP.Internet Draft:draft-QoS-Path-mgmt-rsvp00,txt,1997.
[17]G.ApostoloPoulos,R.Guerin.S ·Kamat,et.al,Quality of service based routing: Performance perspective.In Poreedings of ACM SIGCOMM'98 Conference,Augest
1998,17-28.
铩颷18]E.Rosen etal.Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture.IETF RFC3031,January2001.
[19]Brace Davie,Yakov Rekhter,多协议标签交换技术与应用 机械工业出版社,2001.1.P105-119
[20]石晶林,丁炜.MPLS宽带网络互联技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001,217-270
[21]王华.MPLS及IP网络流量工程的研究,南京:南京理工大学,2003,4
[22]IETF RFC-3214.LSP Modification Using CR--LDP
[23]IETF RFC 2702-1999.AWDUCHE D,MEHRA A,CARLSON M,et al.Requirements forTraffic Engineering Over MPLS[S].
[24]ISOYAMA K,YOSHIDA M.Policy framework QoS Information Model for MPLS[A].IETFINTER.NET DRAFF[c/OL].http://www.ietf.org.internet.drafts/draf-ief-model.for.mpls.txt,2000-07.12.
[25]徐崴,吴产乐,朱怀东等.结合端到端服务质量模型用MPLS实现RSVP聚集.武汉大学学报,2003.2:54-58
[26]陈奇伟.IntServ与DiffServ结合实现端到端的QoS.网络安全技术与应用,2005.1
[27]IETF RFC-2998.A Framework for Integrated Services Operation Over DiffservNetworks
[28]IETF RFC-3270.MPLS Support of Diferentiated Services
[29]IETF RFC-2475.An Architecture for Diferentiated Services
[30]IETF RFC-2474.Definition of the Diferentiated Services Field(OS Field)inthe IPv4 and IPv6 Headegs
[31]IETF RFC-3213.Applicability Statement for CR-LDP
[32]何宝宏.IP网络的服务质量讲座 第4讲 IP网络流量与拥塞控制技术[J].中国数据通信,2003,(05).
[33]Floyd S,Fall K.Promoting the use of End-to-End congestion control in theInternet.IEEE ACM Transaction on Networking,1999,7(4):458-472.
[34]Lawrence S,Brake Larry L.TCP Vegas:End to end congestion avoidance ona global Internet.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,1995,13(8):1465-1480.
[35]杨超,李士宁.拥塞控制之WFQ(加权公平队列)探讨[J].无线通信技术,2003,(01).
[36]隆克平,王茜,程时端,陈俊亮.Quantitative Adaptive RED in DifferentiatedService Networks[J].Journal of Computer Science and Technology,2003,(02).
[37]彭涤.流量控制和流量整型的比较[J].计算机系统应用,2002,(11)
[38]石铁峰,罗宗航.通信网络中的流量控制[J].南宁师范高等专科学校学报,2004,(01)
[39]吴震宇,沈保锁.约定访问速率的原理及用途[J].中国科技信息,2006,(01)
铩颷40]陈彪,姚庆栋.VBR流令牌桶流量整形的研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2004,(04)
[2]龚双瑾,刘多(GONG Shuang-jin,LIU Duo),下一代电信网的关键技术(The KeyTechnology of NGN)[M].北京:国防工业出版社(Beijing:National Defence'S IndustryPress),2003.
[3]陆慧梅,向勇,史关林(LU Hui.mei,XIANG Yong,SHI Mei,Lin).Internet QoS研究(Research on Internet QoS)[J].小型微型机算机系统(Microcomputer System),2002,23(7):786-791.
[4]Stallings,w著,齐望尔等译.高速网络与互联网性能与服务质量(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2003.1.
[5]冀鑫泉,桂志波(JI xin-quan,GUI Zhi-bo).Internet中QoS路由算法研究现状及其展(Research on IP QoS RoutingMgorithm)[J].江苏通信技术(Jiangsu CommunicationTechnology),2003,19(1):517-523.
[6]吴江编著.下一代的骨干网络技术-多协议标记交换.北京:人民邮电出版2001,1.
[7]袁刚,甘家宝.MPLS网络的QoS及其管理框架实现方式.重庆邮电学院学报,2003,9.
[8]赵慧玲,吴江(ZHAO Hui-ling,WU Jiang).MPLS QoS的研究(Study of MPLS QoS)[J].世界电信(World Telecommuication),2000,(5):7-11.
[9]R.Braden,Ed,L.Zhang,S.Berson."Resource ReSerVation Protocol(RSVP)-Version1 Functional Specification",RFC 2205,september 1997.
[10]Braden,R.,Clark,D.and S.Shenker,"Integrated Services in the InternetArchitecture:An Overview",RFC1633,July 1994.
[11]Wroclawski J.The USE of RSVP with IETF intergrated services,ww ief.org/fc/fc 2210.txt,Sep-1997.
[12]隆克平,龚向阳,阀喜戎等.IP网络的服务质量-多业务互联网的基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001.15-63.
[13]刘立卫.企业应用集成与服务水平协议.现代电信科技.2003(6).10-13
[14]X.Xiao,M.Ni.InternetQoS,A Big Picture.IEEE Network,Macrh 1999,13(128-189.
[15]W.sun,QoS/Poloicy/Constaintbasedoruting,http://www.cis.ohio-staet.edu/jain/cis788-99/QoSrouting/index.html.1999
[16]R.Guerin,S.Kamat,S.Herzog.QoS Path Management with RSVP.Internet Draft:draft-QoS-Path-mgmt-rsvp00,txt,1997.
[17]G.ApostoloPoulos,R.Guerin.S ·Kamat,et.al,Quality of service based routing: Performance perspective.In Poreedings of ACM SIGCOMM'98 Conference,Augest
1998,17-28.
铩颷18]E.Rosen etal.Multiprotocol Label Switching Architecture.IETF RFC3031,January2001.
[19]Brace Davie,Yakov Rekhter,多协议标签交换技术与应用 机械工业出版社,2001.1.P105-119
[20]石晶林,丁炜.MPLS宽带网络互联技术[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2001,217-270
[21]王华.MPLS及IP网络流量工程的研究,南京:南京理工大学,2003,4
[22]IETF RFC-3214.LSP Modification Using CR--LDP
[23]IETF RFC 2702-1999.AWDUCHE D,MEHRA A,CARLSON M,et al.Requirements forTraffic Engineering Over MPLS[S].
[24]ISOYAMA K,YOSHIDA M.Policy framework QoS Information Model for MPLS[A].IETFINTER.NET DRAFF[c/OL].http://www.ietf.org.internet.drafts/draf-ief-model.for.mpls.txt,2000-07.12.
[25]徐崴,吴产乐,朱怀东等.结合端到端服务质量模型用MPLS实现RSVP聚集.武汉大学学报,2003.2:54-58
[26]陈奇伟.IntServ与DiffServ结合实现端到端的QoS.网络安全技术与应用,2005.1
[27]IETF RFC-2998.A Framework for Integrated Services Operation Over DiffservNetworks
[28]IETF RFC-3270.MPLS Support of Diferentiated Services
[29]IETF RFC-2475.An Architecture for Diferentiated Services
[30]IETF RFC-2474.Definition of the Diferentiated Services Field(OS Field)inthe IPv4 and IPv6 Headegs
[31]IETF RFC-3213.Applicability Statement for CR-LDP
[32]何宝宏.IP网络的服务质量讲座 第4讲 IP网络流量与拥塞控制技术[J].中国数据通信,2003,(05).
[33]Floyd S,Fall K.Promoting the use of End-to-End congestion control in theInternet.IEEE ACM Transaction on Networking,1999,7(4):458-472.
[34]Lawrence S,Brake Larry L.TCP Vegas:End to end congestion avoidance ona global Internet.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,1995,13(8):1465-1480.
[35]杨超,李士宁.拥塞控制之WFQ(加权公平队列)探讨[J].无线通信技术,2003,(01).
[36]隆克平,王茜,程时端,陈俊亮.Quantitative Adaptive RED in DifferentiatedService Networks[J].Journal of Computer Science and Technology,2003,(02).
[37]彭涤.流量控制和流量整型的比较[J].计算机系统应用,2002,(11)
[38]石铁峰,罗宗航.通信网络中的流量控制[J].南宁师范高等专科学校学报,2004,(01)
[39]吴震宇,沈保锁.约定访问速率的原理及用途[J].中国科技信息,2006,(01)
铩颷40]陈彪,姚庆栋.VBR流令牌桶流量整形的研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2004,(04)