福建省香蕉上冰核细菌种类、分布及其与香蕉寒冻害关系的研究
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摘要
香蕉是热带果树,喜热忌寒。我国香蕉的种植主要分布于华南热带、亚热带地区,福建省是主要香蕉产区之一。由于受冬季风气候影响,常有低温寒害和霜冻害发生,轻者减产,重者绝收,是限制香蕉生产和发展的主要因素。因此,采取有效措施,御防寒害和霜冻对香蕉的危害,成为亟待解决的问题。研究表明,自然界广泛存在着冰核活性细菌,它可在-2～-5℃诱发植物细胞水结冰而发生霜冻,加剧霜冻害对植物的影响。冰核细菌的发现为研究和防治植物寒冻害提出了新方向。本论文研究了冰核细菌与香蕉寒冻害的关系,系统调查了福建省香蕉上冰核细菌的定殖密度、冰核活性等级和细菌学分类情况,并对所筛选的防霜剂进行了香蕉园田间试验,为香蕉寒冻害的御防做了积极探索,为防霜剂的推广提供了理论依据。
(1)研究发现,在5℃的温度下处理24h,香蕉苗开始产生轻微寒害,处理48小时以后出现较明显的寒害症状,寒害指数为8.0,而接种冰核细菌的香蕉苗5℃处理48h寒害指数为18.0,且冰核细菌浓度越高,受寒害程度越严重。与未接种INA细菌的对照苗相比,低温胁迫下接菌香蕉苗的相关保护酶活性的下降幅度更大,MDA含量、电导率的升高更明显,香蕉叶片光合作用受阻更严重。综上所述,证明冰核细菌不仅可以在≤-1℃的低温下诱发加剧植物的霜冻害,而且可以在0～5℃的较高温度下诱发加剧植物的寒害。
(2)研究表明,福建省香蕉上冰核细菌的存在较为普遍,定殖密度大多在104cfu/g数量级以上,冰核活性等级达到中等及中等以上的占总菌株数的85.2%。这样的定殖密度和活性等级足以诱发和加剧香蕉的寒冻害,应当应起重视,采取防范措施。
对从福建省各香蕉产区采集霜冻害标本分离到的54株冰核细菌进行细菌学鉴定,共鉴定到2个属的4种INA细菌。欧文氏菌有42株,其中草生欧文氏菌(E.herbicola)有6株,凤梨欧文氏菌株(E.ananas)有36株;假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)有12株,其中非萤光类假单胞菌和丁香假单胞菌各6株。研究结果证明福建省香蕉上冰核细菌的分布种类主要为凤梨欧文氏菌,占总菌株数的66.7%。
(3)研究表明,通过减少香蕉上的冰核细菌数量,可以减轻寒害和霜冻害对香蕉的影响。确定当防霜剂FS1号稀释500倍时,不会对香蕉产生药害,并且对冰核细菌有较好的杀灭效果。为使防霜剂对香蕉有更好的保护作用,药剂的施用时间应选择在寒潮或霜冻来临前,施用周期为7天,共施用3～4次。
通过田间香蕉园试验证明,防霜剂FS1号可以有效杀灭香蕉上冰核细菌并且对香蕉霜的低温寒害和霜冻有较明显的保护效果。从统计结果来看,空白对照香蕉园香蕉的寒害指数为27.8,喷施防霜剂FS1号香蕉的寒害指数为16.2,防寒效果达到42.6%,验证了本实验室配制的防霜剂FS1号有很大的推广价值。
Banana(Musa supientum)is tropical fruit tree which is very sensitive to the temperature.Banana cultivation in China is mainly distributed in tropical and sub- tropical regions of South China,Fujian province is one of the major banana production area. Due to the influence of the winter monsoon climate,chilling injury and frost damage often occurs, which have a great impact to banana production and to be the main factor to limit the development of banana. So, taking some effective measures to defense those damages have become a urgent problem. INA bacteria is widespread in nature, Research has shown that INA bacteria can induce plant cell water ice up and frost occurrence which could aggravate the impact of frost damage to plants.The discovery of INA bacteria provide a new direction to research and control the chilling and frost injury to plants.Thise experiment has studied the relations between the INA bacteria and the banana chilling(frost) injury.At the same time we investigated the density, the ice nucleus active grade and the bacteriology classification of INA bacteria on banana in Fujian Province. Also, we have tested the protective effects of the Pharmacy FS1 on bananas by field experiments, made the positive exploration to prevent chilling and frost injury to banana.
(1) Research shows that treatment to banana seedling which has no INA bacteria inoculated at the temperature of 5℃for 24h, slightly chilling injury occured, a obvious symptoms of chilling injury appeared after 48 hours.The Chilling injury is more serious after INA bacteria inoculated,and the higher the concentration of INA bacteria we inoculated , the more serious of the chilling injury happened to banana seedling. Compared with banana which has no INA bacteria inoculated ,the relevant protective enzymes is lower,the raise of MDA and conductivity is more obvious, the banana leaf photosynthesis is hampered more seriously after low temperature stress. To sum up , the study proved that the ice nucleation bacteria not only can induce and increase plant frost damage at the temperature which≤-1℃,but also can increase and induce plants chilling injury at the temperature which between 0 and 5℃.
(2) The results show that INA bacteria is very common exist in banana in Fujian Province,the colonization density are mostly more than 104cfu/g,the ice nucleus active grade achieves medium and medium above occupies the total strain number 85.2%,such colonization density and activity levels are sufficient to induce and aggravate the frost damage to banana.So,attention should be paid and some precautionary measures should be taken.
Separated 54 ice nucleus bacterias from 60 frost damage specimens which collected from various bananas production area in Fujian Province. The identification results show that there are 42 strains of Erwinia genus,of which E.ananas 36 strains,E.hebicola 6 strains. The other 12 strains are Pseudomonas genus,of which P. sp 6 strains and P. fluorescens 6 stains. The distribution of species of INA bacteria on banana in Fujian province are mainly E.ananas which occupies the total strain num- ber 66.7%.
(3)Research shows that by reducing the ice nucleation bacteria can reduce the chilling and frost damage to banana. Determined that there are no phytotoxicity to banana and have a good killing effect to INA bacterias when the pharmacy FS1 is diluted 500 times.
The time of drug administration should before the cold wave or the frost approach ,Application period is 7 days, a total of 3 to 4 times.
The field experiment shows that pharmacy FS1 can effectively kill the INA bacteria, and have a good protective effect on banana frost damage . Verify that the pharmacy FS1 have great promotional value.
(1)研究发现,在5℃的温度下处理24h,香蕉苗开始产生轻微寒害,处理48小时以后出现较明显的寒害症状,寒害指数为8.0,而接种冰核细菌的香蕉苗5℃处理48h寒害指数为18.0,且冰核细菌浓度越高,受寒害程度越严重。与未接种INA细菌的对照苗相比,低温胁迫下接菌香蕉苗的相关保护酶活性的下降幅度更大,MDA含量、电导率的升高更明显,香蕉叶片光合作用受阻更严重。综上所述,证明冰核细菌不仅可以在≤-1℃的低温下诱发加剧植物的霜冻害,而且可以在0～5℃的较高温度下诱发加剧植物的寒害。
(2)研究表明,福建省香蕉上冰核细菌的存在较为普遍,定殖密度大多在104cfu/g数量级以上,冰核活性等级达到中等及中等以上的占总菌株数的85.2%。这样的定殖密度和活性等级足以诱发和加剧香蕉的寒冻害,应当应起重视,采取防范措施。
对从福建省各香蕉产区采集霜冻害标本分离到的54株冰核细菌进行细菌学鉴定,共鉴定到2个属的4种INA细菌。欧文氏菌有42株,其中草生欧文氏菌(E.herbicola)有6株,凤梨欧文氏菌株(E.ananas)有36株;假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)有12株,其中非萤光类假单胞菌和丁香假单胞菌各6株。研究结果证明福建省香蕉上冰核细菌的分布种类主要为凤梨欧文氏菌,占总菌株数的66.7%。
(3)研究表明,通过减少香蕉上的冰核细菌数量,可以减轻寒害和霜冻害对香蕉的影响。确定当防霜剂FS1号稀释500倍时,不会对香蕉产生药害,并且对冰核细菌有较好的杀灭效果。为使防霜剂对香蕉有更好的保护作用,药剂的施用时间应选择在寒潮或霜冻来临前,施用周期为7天,共施用3～4次。
通过田间香蕉园试验证明,防霜剂FS1号可以有效杀灭香蕉上冰核细菌并且对香蕉霜的低温寒害和霜冻有较明显的保护效果。从统计结果来看,空白对照香蕉园香蕉的寒害指数为27.8,喷施防霜剂FS1号香蕉的寒害指数为16.2,防寒效果达到42.6%,验证了本实验室配制的防霜剂FS1号有很大的推广价值。
Banana(Musa supientum)is tropical fruit tree which is very sensitive to the temperature.Banana cultivation in China is mainly distributed in tropical and sub- tropical regions of South China,Fujian province is one of the major banana production area. Due to the influence of the winter monsoon climate,chilling injury and frost damage often occurs, which have a great impact to banana production and to be the main factor to limit the development of banana. So, taking some effective measures to defense those damages have become a urgent problem. INA bacteria is widespread in nature, Research has shown that INA bacteria can induce plant cell water ice up and frost occurrence which could aggravate the impact of frost damage to plants.The discovery of INA bacteria provide a new direction to research and control the chilling and frost injury to plants.Thise experiment has studied the relations between the INA bacteria and the banana chilling(frost) injury.At the same time we investigated the density, the ice nucleus active grade and the bacteriology classification of INA bacteria on banana in Fujian Province. Also, we have tested the protective effects of the Pharmacy FS1 on bananas by field experiments, made the positive exploration to prevent chilling and frost injury to banana.
(1) Research shows that treatment to banana seedling which has no INA bacteria inoculated at the temperature of 5℃for 24h, slightly chilling injury occured, a obvious symptoms of chilling injury appeared after 48 hours.The Chilling injury is more serious after INA bacteria inoculated,and the higher the concentration of INA bacteria we inoculated , the more serious of the chilling injury happened to banana seedling. Compared with banana which has no INA bacteria inoculated ,the relevant protective enzymes is lower,the raise of MDA and conductivity is more obvious, the banana leaf photosynthesis is hampered more seriously after low temperature stress. To sum up , the study proved that the ice nucleation bacteria not only can induce and increase plant frost damage at the temperature which≤-1℃,but also can increase and induce plants chilling injury at the temperature which between 0 and 5℃.
(2) The results show that INA bacteria is very common exist in banana in Fujian Province,the colonization density are mostly more than 104cfu/g,the ice nucleus active grade achieves medium and medium above occupies the total strain number 85.2%,such colonization density and activity levels are sufficient to induce and aggravate the frost damage to banana.So,attention should be paid and some precautionary measures should be taken.
Separated 54 ice nucleus bacterias from 60 frost damage specimens which collected from various bananas production area in Fujian Province. The identification results show that there are 42 strains of Erwinia genus,of which E.ananas 36 strains,E.hebicola 6 strains. The other 12 strains are Pseudomonas genus,of which P. sp 6 strains and P. fluorescens 6 stains. The distribution of species of INA bacteria on banana in Fujian province are mainly E.ananas which occupies the total strain num- ber 66.7%.
(3)Research shows that by reducing the ice nucleation bacteria can reduce the chilling and frost damage to banana. Determined that there are no phytotoxicity to banana and have a good killing effect to INA bacterias when the pharmacy FS1 is diluted 500 times.
The time of drug administration should before the cold wave or the frost approach ,Application period is 7 days, a total of 3 to 4 times.
The field experiment shows that pharmacy FS1 can effectively kill the INA bacteria, and have a good protective effect on banana frost damage . Verify that the pharmacy FS1 have great promotional value.
引文
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