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低温等离子体与催化剂协同净化柴油机有害排放物的研究
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摘要
目前,对柴油机排放技术的研究较多的侧重于机内处理,而且技术也较为成熟,但是尾气后处理技术将会为降低柴油机的排放提供更广阔的思路和更远的前景,因而柴油机尾气后处理技术成为汽车行业的研究热点,但当前的研究大多是针对其中某一种或两种有害排气的处理,本文对采用低温等离子体技术净化柴油机尾气进行了相关的研究。主要有以下三个方面:
     第一,设计出介质阻挡放电型低温等离子体反应器。设计过程中首先分析了柴油机有害气体各成分在低温等离子体氛围中发生的物理化学基元反应,以便进一步研究低温等离子体与催化剂共同去除柴油机有害排气的催化机理,然后确立一条可行的尾气去除技术路线,并设计该反应装置。
     第二,基于柴油机模拟尾气为气源的实验装置,分别从化学动力学模拟计算和实验的角度,讨论气体成分、催化剂种类的选择、放电电压和频率、反应器的主要结构参数等对有害气体去除率的影响,得出一些指导性的结论:O_2的参与对与NO_X的单独去除不利,但是对于所有有害气体的同时去除有利;La_(0.8)K_(0.2)MnO_3(LKM)催化剂的综合性能最佳,而且也最适合于所设计的反应装置。
     第三,基于真实的发动机实验台架,对反应器的能耗和尾气综合处理性能作了研究。反应器的能耗研究过程中引入了能量密度的概念,并通过大量的实验数据揭示出有害气体的去除率与注入反应器能量密度之间的关系,这对为反应器寻找最佳工作点提供了依据;综合处理性能研究时发现反应器对柴油发动机中较少的有害排气HC和CO的去除效率较高,同时还发现HC对NO_X和PM的同时去除效率有一定促进作用。
     本文最后对低温等离子体与催化剂协同净化柴油机尾气技术的研究进行了总结与展望。
At present, the researches on diesel engine emission reduction-technology mostly focus on inside treatment, and have become more mature. But the after-treatment technology will provide broader clew and more far-reaching foreground, as a result, this technology become a hotspot in automobile industry. In spite of this, current researches mainly aim at processing certain or two kinds of exhaust emissions. So some initial researches on the diesel engine control technology using Non-thermal Plasmas has been done this thesis, so as to decrease four toxicants at one time.
     Firstly, the reactor of Dielectric Barrier Discharge has been designed. The elemental physic-chemical reactions between different exhaust species were analyzed in the atmosphere of Non-thermal Plasmas at the beginning of this design. It aimed at seeing about the catalyzing mechanism of emission reduction applying Non-thermal Plasma and catalyst, then established a feasible route of reducing exhaust, and designed this reactor.
     Secondly, some factors such as the exhaust component, choice of catalysts, voltage and frequency of discharge, main configuration parameters of the reactor which affected on the reduction efficiency have been discussed from calculating simulation on chemical kinetics and experiments respectively based on a simulation tester, and some instructive conclusions were gained from this research: the existing of O_2 is a disadvantage to the removing of NO_x separately, but it promoted the contemporary removing of all noxious exhaust. The integrated performance of catalyst La_(0.8)K_(0.2)MnO_3 (LKM) was the best and fit for the designed reactor.
     Thirdly, the researches of energy consumption and integrative elimination efficiency on the reactor have been done based on an actual experimental engine test bed. The conception of energy density was introduced into this research and the relationship between the elimination efficiency of harmful gas and energy density was also opened out through abundant experimental data. It provided some instructions for seeking the best working point. In addition, it has been found that there was high elimination efficiency of this reactor on HC and CO, furthermore, HC could promote the elimination efficiency.
     Lastly, the outlook of Non-thermal Plasma technology for application on diesel emission after-treatment was also discussed in this paper.
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