巴楚隆起断裂构造特征及演化
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摘要
本论文研究区巴楚隆起位于新疆塔里木盆地中央隆起西段。巴楚隆起断裂构造带非常发育,区内局部构造的发育规模和展布均与断裂或断裂带有关,以背斜、断背斜、断鼻等基本构造类型为主。全面深入地研究巴楚隆起的构造格架、断裂构造带发育与分布特征、断裂带构造样式与圈闭类型及分布、断裂带形成演化(活动期次、发育模式等)及相互关系,对整个塔中地区的勘探开发具有重要意义。
研究认为,巴楚隆起具有“东西分区;南北分带”区域构造格架和复杂的断裂系统。大致以阿恰断裂-古董山断裂-鸟山断裂带(构造变换带)为界可分为东部和西部两个构造变形区;构造单元划分可划分为四个:西部断褶区、中部凹陷区、东北部断褶区和东南部断褶区。
巴楚隆起在加里东、海西、印支—燕山、喜马拉雅等多期、多种构造应力作用下形成了复杂的叠加构造样式。以高角度基底卷入型为主、叠加盖层滑脱型压扭性断裂的构造样式。巴楚隆起长期发育的基底卷入式断裂,走滑特征明显。
巴楚隆起不同断裂带或同一断裂带的不同地段断裂的形成时间、活动期次、性质、强度和活动方式等均存在有较大差异。断裂带从加里东中晚期开始活动,强烈活动期为晚海西期和喜山期,海西期断裂可能经历了先张后压的演化;而麦盖提斜坡和中部强烈隆起带主要形成于喜山中晚期的强烈挤压和隆升作用。
隆起南部断裂带是油气长期运移的指向区,背冲、滑脱上、下叠置的复合构造样式有利于强变形背景下的油气的规模聚集与有效保存。巴楚隆起区古构造圈闭、寒武系盐下、盐间构造圈闭及沿古近系膏泥岩系、寒武系膏岩层逆冲推覆断裂下盘构造圈闭是该区重要的勘探方向。
通过对巴楚隆起构造演化、构造样式、圈闭类型、不整合及构造应力场分布、沉积相、储盖层和烃源岩等项研究成果,对巴楚地区的构造演化与油气成藏条件进行了综合分析评价,指出了该地区油气聚集有利区带。
In this study area Bachu uplift is located in the Western central uplift of Tarim Basin.Fault belts are very developed in the Bachu uplift. The development and the distribution of structures in the local region are related to fractures or faults.Anticline,faulted anticline and faulted nose are the basic structural types of study area. Detailed study on the structural framework,development and distribution of fault zones,structural styles,distribution and styles of traps,formation and evolution of fault zones (active stage, development model) and their relationships,which is of great significance to the exploration and development of the area.
Studies suggest that The tectonic framework of Bachu area presented as "west-easterentiation and north-south dissimilitude".The uplift developed faults and complex fault system. It can be roughly divided into eastern and the western tectonic deformation zones by A Qia fault - Gu Dong Shan fault - Niao Shan fault zone (tectonic transformation zone).Tectonic units can be divided into four part: the western fault-fold zone,the central depressed area, northeast of fault-fold zone and the southeast fault-fold zone.
Bachu uplift experienced multi-phase,multi-tectonic stress during the Caledonian, Hercynian,Indo-Yanshan,Himalayan period which resulted in complex superimposed structural styles. The structural styles which are composed of high-angle basement involved type and cap slipping type were dominated by the former. Basement-involved style long-term developed in Bachu uplift,and had an obvious fault slip characteristics.
Different faults zone or different sections of the fault zone of Bachu uplift have the quite difference in the formation time, active stage, the nature, intensity and modes. Fault zones started to move from the middle and late Caledonian event,a strong active stages are in the late Hercynian and Himalayan period. Hercynian faults may have experienced the evolution of earlier extensional and later compressional;The Markit slopes and a strong central uplift mainly formed in the late Himalayan by the strong compressional and uplifting process.
The southern fault zone of Uplift is a long-term oil and gas migration area, back-thrusting,slip the upper and lower superimposed composite structural style is favoured of oil and gas gathering and effective preservation in a strong deformation settings. Ancient paleo-structural traps,the structural traps of Cambrian salt and structural trap under the thrust fault which along the lines of Paleogene gypsum mudstone,Cambrian rock salt layer is the important exploration area.
Through research results in Bachu uplift tectonic evolution,structrual styles,types of trap,unconformity and the tectonic stress field distribution, sedimentary facies,reservoir and cap rocks and source rocks,we evaluated the tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of Bachu area,and pointed out the favorable region of oil and gas accumulation zone.
研究认为,巴楚隆起具有“东西分区;南北分带”区域构造格架和复杂的断裂系统。大致以阿恰断裂-古董山断裂-鸟山断裂带(构造变换带)为界可分为东部和西部两个构造变形区;构造单元划分可划分为四个:西部断褶区、中部凹陷区、东北部断褶区和东南部断褶区。
巴楚隆起在加里东、海西、印支—燕山、喜马拉雅等多期、多种构造应力作用下形成了复杂的叠加构造样式。以高角度基底卷入型为主、叠加盖层滑脱型压扭性断裂的构造样式。巴楚隆起长期发育的基底卷入式断裂,走滑特征明显。
巴楚隆起不同断裂带或同一断裂带的不同地段断裂的形成时间、活动期次、性质、强度和活动方式等均存在有较大差异。断裂带从加里东中晚期开始活动,强烈活动期为晚海西期和喜山期,海西期断裂可能经历了先张后压的演化;而麦盖提斜坡和中部强烈隆起带主要形成于喜山中晚期的强烈挤压和隆升作用。
隆起南部断裂带是油气长期运移的指向区,背冲、滑脱上、下叠置的复合构造样式有利于强变形背景下的油气的规模聚集与有效保存。巴楚隆起区古构造圈闭、寒武系盐下、盐间构造圈闭及沿古近系膏泥岩系、寒武系膏岩层逆冲推覆断裂下盘构造圈闭是该区重要的勘探方向。
通过对巴楚隆起构造演化、构造样式、圈闭类型、不整合及构造应力场分布、沉积相、储盖层和烃源岩等项研究成果,对巴楚地区的构造演化与油气成藏条件进行了综合分析评价,指出了该地区油气聚集有利区带。
In this study area Bachu uplift is located in the Western central uplift of Tarim Basin.Fault belts are very developed in the Bachu uplift. The development and the distribution of structures in the local region are related to fractures or faults.Anticline,faulted anticline and faulted nose are the basic structural types of study area. Detailed study on the structural framework,development and distribution of fault zones,structural styles,distribution and styles of traps,formation and evolution of fault zones (active stage, development model) and their relationships,which is of great significance to the exploration and development of the area.
Studies suggest that The tectonic framework of Bachu area presented as "west-easterentiation and north-south dissimilitude".The uplift developed faults and complex fault system. It can be roughly divided into eastern and the western tectonic deformation zones by A Qia fault - Gu Dong Shan fault - Niao Shan fault zone (tectonic transformation zone).Tectonic units can be divided into four part: the western fault-fold zone,the central depressed area, northeast of fault-fold zone and the southeast fault-fold zone.
Bachu uplift experienced multi-phase,multi-tectonic stress during the Caledonian, Hercynian,Indo-Yanshan,Himalayan period which resulted in complex superimposed structural styles. The structural styles which are composed of high-angle basement involved type and cap slipping type were dominated by the former. Basement-involved style long-term developed in Bachu uplift,and had an obvious fault slip characteristics.
Different faults zone or different sections of the fault zone of Bachu uplift have the quite difference in the formation time, active stage, the nature, intensity and modes. Fault zones started to move from the middle and late Caledonian event,a strong active stages are in the late Hercynian and Himalayan period. Hercynian faults may have experienced the evolution of earlier extensional and later compressional;The Markit slopes and a strong central uplift mainly formed in the late Himalayan by the strong compressional and uplifting process.
The southern fault zone of Uplift is a long-term oil and gas migration area, back-thrusting,slip the upper and lower superimposed composite structural style is favoured of oil and gas gathering and effective preservation in a strong deformation settings. Ancient paleo-structural traps,the structural traps of Cambrian salt and structural trap under the thrust fault which along the lines of Paleogene gypsum mudstone,Cambrian rock salt layer is the important exploration area.
Through research results in Bachu uplift tectonic evolution,structrual styles,types of trap,unconformity and the tectonic stress field distribution, sedimentary facies,reservoir and cap rocks and source rocks,we evaluated the tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation conditions of Bachu area,and pointed out the favorable region of oil and gas accumulation zone.
引文
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MCCONNELL D A.Fixed-hinge basement-involved fault-propagation folds,Wyoming[J],Geological Society of America Bulletin,1994,106:1583-1593
N.B.伍德华特,S.E.博耶,J.萨普.平衡地质剖面(贾维民,杜秀霞译)[M].中国地质大学出版社.1991.1-249
P.A.艾伦,J.R.艾伦著.盆地分析—原理及应用[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.1-339
ROUBY D,SUPPE J,XIAO H.Folding and faulting mechanism in 3D-Restoration of folded and faulted surfaces[J].American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin,,2000,84:805-829
SHAW J H,CONNORS C,SUPPE J.Seismic interpretation of contractional fault-related folds:An AAPG seismic atlas[M],American Association of Petroleum Geologists Special Publication,2004,1-270
SUPPE J,MEDWEDEFF D A.Geometry and kinematics of fault-propagation folding[J].Eclog.Geol.Helv.1990,83(Laubscher vol.):409-454
SUPPE J.Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding[J].Amer.Jour.Sci.,1983,283:684-721.
T.P.Harding,and J.D.Lowell.Structural styles,their plate-tectonic habitats,and hydrocarbon traps in petroleum provinces.AAPG;July 1979;v.63;no.7;1016-1058
安作相,马纪.断裂与渤海湾盆地形成和油气的关系.2001.油气地质与采收率.8(1).1-4
操成杰,周新桂,何彬,等.苏北盆地天长箕状断陷断裂体系及油气成藏规律.2003.地质力学学报,9(1).18-22
陈发景,汪新文,张光亚.新疆塔里木盆地北部构造演化与油气关系研究[R].中国地质大学(北京),1994,10.1-246
陈剑,卢华复,于景宗,等.断层相关褶皱的几何学模型及其应用[J].地球学报,2005,(1).89-92
陈强路等,塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造演化与含油气性分析,2007.12.1-173
丁文龙,林畅松,漆立新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚隆起构造格架及形成演化[J].地学前缘,2008,(2).242-251
付建奎,张光亚,马郡,等.塔里木盆地巴楚地区构造样式与演化[J].石油勘探与发,1999,(5).10-11
何登发,李德生,吕修祥.中国西北地区含油气盆地构造类型[J].石油学报,1996,(4).182-192
何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,(3).15-21.
何登发.塔里木盆地新生代构造演化与油气聚集[J].石油勘探与开发,1994,(3).1-8.
李洪辉,张光亚,刘建新,等.塔里木盆地巴楚断隆油气勘探模式[J].石油勘探与发,1998,(5).11-13
李艺斌,李罗照,姜衍文,等.关于巴楚运动的几点认识[J].新疆石油地质,1995,(2).173-176
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