海上风电场的电网接入技术研究
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摘要
随着能源的巨大消耗和环境的严重污染,风能成为世界各国普遍重视的可再生能源,风力发电已经成为一种新兴的重要发电形式。风力发电技术的成熟和完善使得海上风力发电已逐渐成为风电发展的新领域。在我国,相对于陆地风能,海上风能有其独特的优势,因此海上风力发电将会成为我国电力能源结构的重要组成部分。但我国的海上风力发电技术目前才刚刚起步,研究海上风电场的电网接入技术,对我国的能源战略具有重大意义。
随着电力电子技术的发展和换流技术的革新,直流输电重新回到人们的视野,也得到广泛的应用。特别是以电压源换流器为基础的轻型直流输电的出现,更使得直流输电迈向了新的高度。对于海上风电场的接入电网来说,轻型直流输电相比于传统直流输电更显优势,因此采用轻型直流输电的海上风电场的电网接入系统是本文研究的重点。
本文首先研究了海上风电场的风力发电系统以及电网接入的两种方法,重点介绍了轻型直流输电系统的数学模型以及控制策略；其次建立了海上风电场的轻型直流输电模型,在此模型基础上利用了PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件进行了稳态仿真研究和短路故障仿真研究；最后我们对海上风电场的轻型直流输电的电能损耗以及无功电压进行了计算。
With the huge energy consumption and serious environmental pollution, wind power as a renewable energy has already become one kind of emerging and important electricity generation form. The maturity and improvement of wind power technology made that the offshore wind power generation has gradually become a new field of wind power development. In China, compared to land wind energy, offshore wind energy has its unique advantages, so the offshore wind power will become an important part of the energy structure. However, China's offshore wind power technology is only just beginning, and researching the grid access technology about offshore wind farm has great significance for China's energy strategy.
With the power electronics technology development and converter technology innovation, DC transmission has return back to people's vision, and has been widely used. Especially the HVDC based Voltage Source Converter (VSC) appears, it makes DC transmission into a new level. For the offshore wind farm access to the grid, the VSC-HVDC transmission has more advantages than the traditional HVDC transmission, so the VSC-HVDC for offshore wind farm grid access system is the focus of this paper.
This paper firstly researches the offshore wind farm's wind power system and two methods of grid access technology, it is emphatically introduced about the VSC-HVDC system's mathematics model and control strategy; secondly makes the VSC-HVDC model about offshore wind farm, based on this model uses the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software to researches the steady state and short-circuit fault simulation; Finally, the power loss and reactive voltage of the VSC-HVDC about offshore wind farm were calculated.
随着电力电子技术的发展和换流技术的革新,直流输电重新回到人们的视野,也得到广泛的应用。特别是以电压源换流器为基础的轻型直流输电的出现,更使得直流输电迈向了新的高度。对于海上风电场的接入电网来说,轻型直流输电相比于传统直流输电更显优势,因此采用轻型直流输电的海上风电场的电网接入系统是本文研究的重点。
本文首先研究了海上风电场的风力发电系统以及电网接入的两种方法,重点介绍了轻型直流输电系统的数学模型以及控制策略；其次建立了海上风电场的轻型直流输电模型,在此模型基础上利用了PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件进行了稳态仿真研究和短路故障仿真研究；最后我们对海上风电场的轻型直流输电的电能损耗以及无功电压进行了计算。
With the huge energy consumption and serious environmental pollution, wind power as a renewable energy has already become one kind of emerging and important electricity generation form. The maturity and improvement of wind power technology made that the offshore wind power generation has gradually become a new field of wind power development. In China, compared to land wind energy, offshore wind energy has its unique advantages, so the offshore wind power will become an important part of the energy structure. However, China's offshore wind power technology is only just beginning, and researching the grid access technology about offshore wind farm has great significance for China's energy strategy.
With the power electronics technology development and converter technology innovation, DC transmission has return back to people's vision, and has been widely used. Especially the HVDC based Voltage Source Converter (VSC) appears, it makes DC transmission into a new level. For the offshore wind farm access to the grid, the VSC-HVDC transmission has more advantages than the traditional HVDC transmission, so the VSC-HVDC for offshore wind farm grid access system is the focus of this paper.
This paper firstly researches the offshore wind farm's wind power system and two methods of grid access technology, it is emphatically introduced about the VSC-HVDC system's mathematics model and control strategy; secondly makes the VSC-HVDC model about offshore wind farm, based on this model uses the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation software to researches the steady state and short-circuit fault simulation; Finally, the power loss and reactive voltage of the VSC-HVDC about offshore wind farm were calculated.
引文
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[5]杨晓亮.用于风电场并网连接的VSC-HVDC控制策略的研究[D].华北电力火学,2006.12
[6]计崔.大型风力发电场并网接入运行问题综述[J].上海电力,2008(1)：59-63
[7]宋础,刘汉中.海上风力发电场开发现状及发展趋势[J],太阳能,2006(2)：26-28
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[9]林霞.大型风电场并网对系统影响分析及其应用研究[D],太原理工大学,2006.5
[10]胡卫红.风电场并网分析的稳态算法与动态仿真研究[D],北京交通大学,2007.3
[11]范高锋,赵海翔,戴慧珠.大规模风电对电力系统的影响和应对策略[J],电网与清洁能源,2008,24(1)：44-48
[12]高玉洁.风电场接入电网后的电能质量问题分析[J].南方电网技术,2009,3(4)：68-72
[13]于纯琦.火型风力发电场接入电网电能质量问题研究[D],新疆大学,2007.6
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[17]夏凯.大型风电场接入与并网运行仿真研究[D].上海交通大学,2008.1
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[20]王素霞.国内外风力发电的情况及发展趋势[J].电力技术经济,2007,2(1)：29-31
[21]曹仁贤,赵为,陈威.光伏发电与电网接入技术[J],中国电力企业管理,2009(7)：28-29
[22]能 源 观 察 网 . 风 电 “ 弃 风 ” 缘 何 难 免http://www.chinaero.com.cn/rdzt/qiny/zxdt/02/91873.shtml,2011-2-11
[23]陈蔓.轻型直流输电控制策略的研究[D],华中科技大学,2006.4
[24]赵定远,赵莉华.现代电力电子器件的发展[J],成都大学学报(自然科学版), 2007,26(3)：210-214
[25]岑凯辛.高压直流输电在我国的新发展[J].广东输电与变电技术,2006(6)：34-37
[26]刘隽,何维国,包海龙.柔性直流输电技术及其应用前景研究[J].供用电,2008,25(1)：6-9
[27]吴茜琼.风电场并网运行对电力系统影响的仿真分析[D],南昌大学,2007
[28]张伟.异步风力发电系统并网运行仿真分析[D],太原理工大学,2006
[29]邓禹,邹旭东等.变速恒频双馈风力发电系统最有风能捕获控制[J],通信电源技术,2005,22(3)：21-24,
[30]何青,钟志明,陈文福.基于PSCAD/EMTDC的双馈感应风电机组变桨距控制仿真分析[J],电力科学与技术学报,2009,24(3)：40-44
[31]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统—运动控制系统[M],北京：机械公公也出版社,2003.7
[32]王志新,李响等.海上风电柔性直流输电及变流器技术研究[J],电力学报,2007,22(4)：413-417
[33]尹明.基于VSC-HVDC的风电场联网技术研究[D],华北电力大学(保定),2007.12
[34]傅晓帆,周克亮等.风电场并网用VSC-HVDC的无差拍解耦控制策略[J],电工技术学报,2009,24(11)：157-163
[35]杜欣慧,宫改花等.基于Matlab/Simulink的高压直流输电系统的建模及仿真研究[J],科技情报开发与经济,2007,17(1)：173-174
[36]姚伟,程时杰,文劲宇.直流输电技术在海上风电场中的应用[J],中国电力,2007,40(10)：70-74
[37]陈海荣.交流系统故障时VSC-HVDC系统的控制与保护策略研究[D],浙江火学,2007.1
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