分散黄64自分散染料的制备及其应用性能研究
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摘要
印染行业引起的水污染问题越来越多地受到了人们的关注。为了追求高效、节能、环保的生产工艺,具有高性能的新型纺织化学品成为开发热点。
本论文提出在分散染料商品化加工中以染料-聚醚衍生物替代传统染料分散剂来制备自分散染料,探讨其应用于聚酯染色的可行性,研究其在分散染料染色过程中对减轻环境污染的作用。
以分散黄64和端氨基嵌段聚醚为原料,经过亲核取代反应制备了分散黄64-聚醚衍生物。用红外、~1H-NMR、GPC、氨基滴定等手段对染料聚醚衍生物的结构进行了鉴定。通过物理性能研究,结果表明其具有优良的水溶性和良好的表面活性。
通过染料-聚醚衍生物对于分散黄64的分散性能研究发现,添加少量衍生物能显著改善染料的分散性,且染料分散体系的粒径随着分散剂用量的增大而减小。经过8h研磨后,体系的平均粒径为1μm左右,d_(90)小于2μm,且粒径分布均匀。研磨后的自分散染料体系在静置后随着放置时间的延长,发生粒径增大的现象。自分散染料体系的贮存稳定性高于常规商品染料。通过测定自制染料分散体系和常规商品染料在100℃和130℃高温处理前后染料颗粒平均粒径的变化,发现自制染料分散体系的高温稳定性要略低于常规商品染料。染料分散体系的高温分散稳定性随着分散剂用量的减少而提高,在高温下染料与分散剂重量比为7:1时染料粒径增长最小,10:1时增长却有所回升。
将制备的自分散染料体系对涤纶纤维进行染色实验,分别研究了染料的染色动力学、热力学,提升性、易染性等,讨论了染料上染织物后的染色牢度和染色后废水的色度和COD值等,并与常规商品染料进行了对比。实验发现,制备的自分散染料在保证染色织物牢度与商品染料一致的同时,能提高染料的上染百分率和织物的匀染性,降低染色废水的色度和COD值。
本文还探讨了助剂的增溶作用对分散染料上染率的影响。以丙酮/水为(5:5)作为测定介质研究各种非离子分散剂对分散黄64染料的增溶作用。通过测定各种非离子助剂对分散染料的表观溶解度和高温增溶作用,发现助剂结构和温度对分散染料的增溶有较大的关系。在分散染料中加入不同非离子助剂对涤纶织物染色,测量上染百分率。可以发现高温下对染料增溶量大的助剂,染料的上染百分率低。而对染料增溶量小的助剂,染料的上染百分率高。
Nowadays,more and more attention has been paid on the water pollution caused by dyeing industry.In order to pursue high-performance,energy-saving and environment-friendship technology,new high-performance auxiliaries have become a hotspot.
This paper investigates the preparation process of self-dispersible dye of C.I.Disperse Yellow 64 with dye-polyether derivative,which was an alternative for traditional dispersants used in conventional commercial processing of disperse dyes.The feasibility for its application on polymer dyeing and its role in environment protection were also discussed.
The dye-polyether derivative was prepared from the reaction between C.I.Disperse Yellow 64 and Surfonamine~(?) L-207.The structure of such new dispersant was confirmed by IR,~1H-NMR, GPC,the amino-titration analysis.From the study on the physical properties,it was shown that the derivative had good water-solubility ability and favorable surface performance.
Through the investigation on the dispersing ability of the dye-polyether derivative on Disperse Yellow 64,it was found that a little amount of derivative could improve the dispersion stability of the disperse dye.And with the increasing dosage of the derivative,the particle diameter of the dye dispersion was decreased.Dye dispersions with uniformly distributed particles were successfully prepared after 8 hours grinding,of which the average diameters of the particles were less than 1μm and d_(90) were less than 2μm.The average diameter of the particles increased with the increasing storage time.The storage stability of self-prepared dye dispersions at room temperature was found higher than that of commercial dye.Through the analysis of the dye particle diameter changes before and after the treatment at 100℃and 130℃for 1h,it was observed that the high-temperature stability of the self-prepared dye dispersions is higher than that of commercial dye.And with the decreasing amount of dye-polyether derivative,the high-temperature stability of the self-prepared dye dispersions is increasing.The minimum growth of particles diameter was observed at the dye to dispersant mass ratio of 7:1,while the growth was increased at the ratio of 10:1.
Polyester dyeing was carried out with prepared dye dispersions,and the results showed that the dye uptakes were higher than that of conventional commercial dye,the dyeings had excellent fastness to soaping and rubbing,the absorbance and COD values of dyeing effluents were far less than that of commercial dye.
Furthermore,the effluence of solubilization of the surfactants on the rate of dye-uptake was also discussed.The solubilization effects of several non-ionic surfactants were investigated in acetone/water(50/50) solutions.By comparing the effluence of different kinds of surfactants on the apparent solubilities and solubilization effects of C.I.Disperse Yellow 64,it was found that the solubilization ettects of the dye has great relation with the structures of surfactants and the temperature.The effluence of the solubilization effects on the dye-uptake was also investigated by adding different surfactants into the dyebath of the conventional dyeing.A higher dye-uptake was found in the dyeing with the surfactant which possesses higher solubilization ability.
本论文提出在分散染料商品化加工中以染料-聚醚衍生物替代传统染料分散剂来制备自分散染料,探讨其应用于聚酯染色的可行性,研究其在分散染料染色过程中对减轻环境污染的作用。
以分散黄64和端氨基嵌段聚醚为原料,经过亲核取代反应制备了分散黄64-聚醚衍生物。用红外、~1H-NMR、GPC、氨基滴定等手段对染料聚醚衍生物的结构进行了鉴定。通过物理性能研究,结果表明其具有优良的水溶性和良好的表面活性。
通过染料-聚醚衍生物对于分散黄64的分散性能研究发现,添加少量衍生物能显著改善染料的分散性,且染料分散体系的粒径随着分散剂用量的增大而减小。经过8h研磨后,体系的平均粒径为1μm左右,d_(90)小于2μm,且粒径分布均匀。研磨后的自分散染料体系在静置后随着放置时间的延长,发生粒径增大的现象。自分散染料体系的贮存稳定性高于常规商品染料。通过测定自制染料分散体系和常规商品染料在100℃和130℃高温处理前后染料颗粒平均粒径的变化,发现自制染料分散体系的高温稳定性要略低于常规商品染料。染料分散体系的高温分散稳定性随着分散剂用量的减少而提高,在高温下染料与分散剂重量比为7:1时染料粒径增长最小,10:1时增长却有所回升。
将制备的自分散染料体系对涤纶纤维进行染色实验,分别研究了染料的染色动力学、热力学,提升性、易染性等,讨论了染料上染织物后的染色牢度和染色后废水的色度和COD值等,并与常规商品染料进行了对比。实验发现,制备的自分散染料在保证染色织物牢度与商品染料一致的同时,能提高染料的上染百分率和织物的匀染性,降低染色废水的色度和COD值。
本文还探讨了助剂的增溶作用对分散染料上染率的影响。以丙酮/水为(5:5)作为测定介质研究各种非离子分散剂对分散黄64染料的增溶作用。通过测定各种非离子助剂对分散染料的表观溶解度和高温增溶作用,发现助剂结构和温度对分散染料的增溶有较大的关系。在分散染料中加入不同非离子助剂对涤纶织物染色,测量上染百分率。可以发现高温下对染料增溶量大的助剂,染料的上染百分率低。而对染料增溶量小的助剂,染料的上染百分率高。
Nowadays,more and more attention has been paid on the water pollution caused by dyeing industry.In order to pursue high-performance,energy-saving and environment-friendship technology,new high-performance auxiliaries have become a hotspot.
This paper investigates the preparation process of self-dispersible dye of C.I.Disperse Yellow 64 with dye-polyether derivative,which was an alternative for traditional dispersants used in conventional commercial processing of disperse dyes.The feasibility for its application on polymer dyeing and its role in environment protection were also discussed.
The dye-polyether derivative was prepared from the reaction between C.I.Disperse Yellow 64 and Surfonamine~(?) L-207.The structure of such new dispersant was confirmed by IR,~1H-NMR, GPC,the amino-titration analysis.From the study on the physical properties,it was shown that the derivative had good water-solubility ability and favorable surface performance.
Through the investigation on the dispersing ability of the dye-polyether derivative on Disperse Yellow 64,it was found that a little amount of derivative could improve the dispersion stability of the disperse dye.And with the increasing dosage of the derivative,the particle diameter of the dye dispersion was decreased.Dye dispersions with uniformly distributed particles were successfully prepared after 8 hours grinding,of which the average diameters of the particles were less than 1μm and d_(90) were less than 2μm.The average diameter of the particles increased with the increasing storage time.The storage stability of self-prepared dye dispersions at room temperature was found higher than that of commercial dye.Through the analysis of the dye particle diameter changes before and after the treatment at 100℃and 130℃for 1h,it was observed that the high-temperature stability of the self-prepared dye dispersions is higher than that of commercial dye.And with the decreasing amount of dye-polyether derivative,the high-temperature stability of the self-prepared dye dispersions is increasing.The minimum growth of particles diameter was observed at the dye to dispersant mass ratio of 7:1,while the growth was increased at the ratio of 10:1.
Polyester dyeing was carried out with prepared dye dispersions,and the results showed that the dye uptakes were higher than that of conventional commercial dye,the dyeings had excellent fastness to soaping and rubbing,the absorbance and COD values of dyeing effluents were far less than that of commercial dye.
Furthermore,the effluence of solubilization of the surfactants on the rate of dye-uptake was also discussed.The solubilization effects of several non-ionic surfactants were investigated in acetone/water(50/50) solutions.By comparing the effluence of different kinds of surfactants on the apparent solubilities and solubilization effects of C.I.Disperse Yellow 64,it was found that the solubilization ettects of the dye has great relation with the structures of surfactants and the temperature.The effluence of the solubilization effects on the dye-uptake was also investigated by adding different surfactants into the dyebath of the conventional dyeing.A higher dye-uptake was found in the dyeing with the surfactant which possesses higher solubilization ability.
引文
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[3]王菊生.染整工艺原理[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,1984:584
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[5]马正升,宋心远.染色助剂对分散染料高温分散稳定性的影响[J].上海纺织科技,2001,29(4):41-43
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[7]钱国坻等.复配表面活性剂的表而特性和高温分散性[J].印染助剂,1997,14(1):5-10
[8]Shcau-Hwa Ma,Walter Raymond Hertler.US.P:2002/0035173
[9]Takuo Mizutani,Takahiro Furutani,Nagayuki Takao.US.P:2006/0205844
[10]杨东杰,邱学青,陈焕钦.木质素磺酸盐系表面活性剂[J].化学通报,2000,7:416-421
[11]KjeIl M A,Svein H,Johan S.Properties of the lignosulfonate-surfactant complex phase[J].Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects.2001,182:175-189
[12]Dilling P,Samaranayake G S,Waldrop S L.Amine modified sulfonated lignin for diaperscdye[P].US:5972047,1999:10-26
[13]Dilling P,Samaranayake G S.Mixtures of amine modified lignin with sulfonated lignin for dispersing dye[P].US:5989299,1999:11-23
[14]朱德仁,宋玮.染料用木质素分散剂的发展概况[J].染料工业,2001,8:33
[15]刘文广.染料加工技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1994:75-77
[16]罗巨涛,染整助剂及其应用[M].北京:中国纺织出版社,2000,184-191
[17]程靖环,陶绮雯.染整助剂[M].北京:纺织工业出版社,1985:155-169
[18]赵国玺,朱埗瑶,表面活性剂作用原理[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2003,650
[19]王祥荣,纺织印染助剂生产与应用[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,2003,213-215
[20]博献彩,沈文霞,姚天扬等.物理化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:1028-1030
[21]T.F.Tadros,Polymer.J,Steric Stabilisation and Flocculation by Polymers.1991,23(5):683-696
[22]R.H.Ottewill,Stability and Instability in Disperse Systems,J.Coll.and Inter Sci,1977,58(2),Feb:357-373
[23]D.H.Napper,Steric Stabilization,J.Coll and Inter Sci,1977,58(2):390-407
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