光伏微网直流母线电压控制的仿真研究
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摘要
随着能源消耗的急剧增长，环境污染的日益严重，分布式发电技术的飞速发展，将微电源、储能系统、负载和控制装置组合起来，以微网的形式最大效率发挥其能量利用。微电网协调主电网和分布式发电之间的矛盾，改变了传统电网的单一供电模式，提高了电网的供电效率。本文针对光伏发电与蓄电池储能系统相结合的光伏微网，对直流母线电压控制进行了研究，实现系统能量最大利用，缓解电网供电压力、提高微网供电可靠性，达到逆变器输入电压稳定的目的。
首先，在基于微网系统结构和综合控制策略下，本文构建了以光伏发电最大功率跟踪和并网逆变器为基础，以蓄电池为储能系统的光伏微网，提出了并网模式下无通讯模式直流母线电压控制策略，通过光伏阵列和蓄电池共同作用稳定直流母线电压。针对本文提出的控制策略进行了理论分析和仿真研究，得出可行性分析结果。
其次，根据系统结构建立了光伏电池的工程数学模型，采用扰动观察法对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪，通过双向DC/DC变换器对蓄电池进行充放电实现功率平抑功能，采用的电压源逆变器通过电流前馈解耦的空间矢量PWM方法，对输出电流的d轴和q轴分量进行解耦控制。根据系统的主电路，建立了各部分的仿真模型和母线电压控制仿真模型。
第三，提出了利用直流母线电压变化作为判断依据的微网母线电压控制策略，通过监控系统能量流动和电压变化情况，实现各环节控制器在无通讯模式下的协调控制。蓄电池储能系统实现了对光伏阵列的输出功率削峰填谷的功率平抑功能，电压源逆变器的电流输出控制通过双闭环控制实现，电压外环控制直流母线电压，电流内环调节逆变器的输出电流，达到直流母线电压稳定的目的。
第四，为了保证系统具有高效率和可靠稳定性，必须使得光伏阵列和蓄电池协同工作，对系统的能量流向进行了管理。在Matlab/Simulink环境下对光伏阵列MPPT、蓄电池储能系统的功率平抑、逆变器SVPWM控制进行了仿真分析，仿真结果验证了其控制策略和能量管理的准确性。
With the rapid increasing of energy consumption, ecosystem environmentalpollution becoming worsen and worsen and energy consumption sharply growth, and therapid development of distributed generation technologies, all of this make the form ofmicro-grid as the maximum efficiency of energy using when the micro-power energystorage system, load and control devices combining. It coordinated the contradictionbetween the main grid and distributed generation, changed the single power supplymode of traditional electrical power system, and improved the efficiency of the powergrid. This article study on the DC link voltage control of micro-grid which base on thePV electricity generation and the accumulator cell stored energy system, realizes theenergy to maximum use, the alleviation power supply pressure, the enhancement powersupply reliability, and the stable invertor input voltage goal most greatly.
Firstly, according to the micro-grid structure and integrated control strategy, basingon Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT) and DC/AC conversion, taking theaccumulator cell as stored energy system, which proposed the DC link voltage controlstrategy in non-communication mode of grid-connected mode stabling it by the PVarray and battery combined working. Theoretical analysis and simulation are carried outto confirm the control policy feasibility which this article proposed.
Secondly, based on the design main circuit, the engineering mathematical model isestablished. Adopting Perturb&Observe Algorithms(P&O) method to realize maximumpower point tracking(MPPT), then the bi-directional DC/DC converter was used tomake sure the battery power stabilization, and taking electric current forward feeddecoupling's Space Vector PWM(SVPWM) method, the AC current components idandiqare decoupled. At last the various parts of the simulation and the DC link voltagecontrolling simulation model were established.
Thirdly, a kind of DC bus coordination control strategy make use of its voltagechanged as the judgement criterion, it can realize the function with non-communication.The battery stored energy system doing the charging and discharging of powerstalization. For DC/AC conversion, a system with double-loop control is designed onthe basis of synchronous vector current PI controller. The voltage outer loops are usedto control the DC link voltage and the electric inner loop to make AC currentsrespectively.
At last but not least, to make sure system has the high efficiency and the reliablestability, it needs to manage PV array and battery must operation together. This paperproposes a power management scheme. And the main circuit structure and the controlpolicy of the direct-current link voltage control has been proposed. In Matlab/Simulinkenvironment, the simulation model was established, and simulation analyses wereaccomplished on MPPT for PV array, battery charging and discharging of theaccumulator cell stored energy system, the SVPWM control of interface invertor. The simulation result has confirmed its control policy and the energy management strategieswere accuracy and effective.
首先，在基于微网系统结构和综合控制策略下，本文构建了以光伏发电最大功率跟踪和并网逆变器为基础，以蓄电池为储能系统的光伏微网，提出了并网模式下无通讯模式直流母线电压控制策略，通过光伏阵列和蓄电池共同作用稳定直流母线电压。针对本文提出的控制策略进行了理论分析和仿真研究，得出可行性分析结果。
其次，根据系统结构建立了光伏电池的工程数学模型，采用扰动观察法对光伏阵列进行最大功率点跟踪，通过双向DC/DC变换器对蓄电池进行充放电实现功率平抑功能，采用的电压源逆变器通过电流前馈解耦的空间矢量PWM方法，对输出电流的d轴和q轴分量进行解耦控制。根据系统的主电路，建立了各部分的仿真模型和母线电压控制仿真模型。
第三，提出了利用直流母线电压变化作为判断依据的微网母线电压控制策略，通过监控系统能量流动和电压变化情况，实现各环节控制器在无通讯模式下的协调控制。蓄电池储能系统实现了对光伏阵列的输出功率削峰填谷的功率平抑功能，电压源逆变器的电流输出控制通过双闭环控制实现，电压外环控制直流母线电压，电流内环调节逆变器的输出电流，达到直流母线电压稳定的目的。
第四，为了保证系统具有高效率和可靠稳定性，必须使得光伏阵列和蓄电池协同工作，对系统的能量流向进行了管理。在Matlab/Simulink环境下对光伏阵列MPPT、蓄电池储能系统的功率平抑、逆变器SVPWM控制进行了仿真分析，仿真结果验证了其控制策略和能量管理的准确性。
With the rapid increasing of energy consumption, ecosystem environmentalpollution becoming worsen and worsen and energy consumption sharply growth, and therapid development of distributed generation technologies, all of this make the form ofmicro-grid as the maximum efficiency of energy using when the micro-power energystorage system, load and control devices combining. It coordinated the contradictionbetween the main grid and distributed generation, changed the single power supplymode of traditional electrical power system, and improved the efficiency of the powergrid. This article study on the DC link voltage control of micro-grid which base on thePV electricity generation and the accumulator cell stored energy system, realizes theenergy to maximum use, the alleviation power supply pressure, the enhancement powersupply reliability, and the stable invertor input voltage goal most greatly.
Firstly, according to the micro-grid structure and integrated control strategy, basingon Maximum Power Point Tracking(MPPT) and DC/AC conversion, taking theaccumulator cell as stored energy system, which proposed the DC link voltage controlstrategy in non-communication mode of grid-connected mode stabling it by the PVarray and battery combined working. Theoretical analysis and simulation are carried outto confirm the control policy feasibility which this article proposed.
Secondly, based on the design main circuit, the engineering mathematical model isestablished. Adopting Perturb&Observe Algorithms(P&O) method to realize maximumpower point tracking(MPPT), then the bi-directional DC/DC converter was used tomake sure the battery power stabilization, and taking electric current forward feeddecoupling's Space Vector PWM(SVPWM) method, the AC current components idandiqare decoupled. At last the various parts of the simulation and the DC link voltagecontrolling simulation model were established.
Thirdly, a kind of DC bus coordination control strategy make use of its voltagechanged as the judgement criterion, it can realize the function with non-communication.The battery stored energy system doing the charging and discharging of powerstalization. For DC/AC conversion, a system with double-loop control is designed onthe basis of synchronous vector current PI controller. The voltage outer loops are usedto control the DC link voltage and the electric inner loop to make AC currentsrespectively.
At last but not least, to make sure system has the high efficiency and the reliablestability, it needs to manage PV array and battery must operation together. This paperproposes a power management scheme. And the main circuit structure and the controlpolicy of the direct-current link voltage control has been proposed. In Matlab/Simulinkenvironment, the simulation model was established, and simulation analyses wereaccomplished on MPPT for PV array, battery charging and discharging of theaccumulator cell stored energy system, the SVPWM control of interface invertor. The simulation result has confirmed its control policy and the energy management strategieswere accuracy and effective.
引文
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