宽带圆极化微带天线分析与设计
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摘要
自从20世纪70年代中期微带天线理论得到很大发展以来,由于微带天线体积小、重量轻、馈电方式灵活、成本低、易于与目标共形等优点而深受人们亲睐,在雷达、移动通信、卫星通信、全球卫星定位系统(GPS)等领域得到广泛的应用。圆极化作为微带天线理论和技术应用的一个重要分支,被广泛的运用于雷达、导航、卫星等电子系统中。由于其特性,使得收发天线间有很强的角度位置定位灵活性,并且能减小信号的多路径干扰和其他的一些影响。此外,宽带通信具有通信容量大、保密性好、抗多径干扰能力强等许多优点,是21世纪通信系统的发展方向,从而对通信设备的宽带化也提出了越来越高的要求。其中宽带天线就是无线通信系统所要研究的一个重要部分。
本论文主要针对无线通信中的宽带圆极化微带天线设计、分析与应用技术进行了研究与探索。在研究中采用了理论分析、数值仿真和实验验证等手段,提出了多种宽带圆极化微带天线结构,由于其卓越的宽带性能,成果已分别在本领域最高级别刊物IEEE Trans.On Antennas and Propagation,IET Microwaves Antennas&Propagation等上发表,集中体现了作者的研究成果。本文的主要工作如下:
1.研究了双馈电宽带圆极化微带贴片天线设计技术。在对圆极化天线的一般特点和基本要求进行探讨的基础上,针对微带天线带宽窄的固有缺点,采用了一种由3dB Wilkinson功分器和移相器组成的新型宽带馈电网络,运用L型金属棒进行旋转90°近耦合式双馈电,得到了具有宽带性能的圆极化微带贴片天线。并在此基础上,对该天线的面电流分布及辐射特性进行了详细的研究和探讨,又提出了圆极化微带环形贴片天线。并针对该天线结构尺寸进行了优化分析,采用了全波软件和aggressivespace mapping(ASM)优化算法相结合的办法,为天线的结构最优化节省时间和硬件资源,得到了良好的效果。
2.研究了四馈电宽带圆极化微带贴片天线设计技术。在对天线双馈电的基础上,对称增加一对L型金属棒进行馈电。这种对称结构有效消除了天线馈电金属棒的辐射泄漏和之间的信号耦合,抑制了交叉极化,扩展了天线的圆极化带宽。并通过仿真和试验进行了验证。
3.研究了四馈电宽带圆极化缝隙天线设计技术。在接地板上开圆形槽进行电磁波的辐射,采用四条微带线进行馈电,不但具有宽带特性,而且具有双圆极化性能。
4.研究了宽带圆极化微带天线阵的设计技术。在对单个宽带圆极化天线研究得到比较充分的结果后,继续对圆极化天线阵进行了研究。采用相位旋转式单馈电形式的馈电结构对天线阵进行馈电,得到了良好的效果,在保证了一定的圆极化带宽的基础上,增加了天线的增益性能,并通过仿真和试验进行了验证。
From 1970s, the technology of microstrip antenna advanced quickly. They afford the attractive features of being low profile, light weight, low cost, easy to fabricate and conformable to mounting structures, and compatible with integrated circuit technology. So they are widely employed in radar, navigation, satellite and mobile communication systems. Circular polarization, compared to linear polarization, allows for greater flexibility in orientation angle between transmitter and receiver, better mobility and weather penetration, and reduction in multi-path reflections and other kinds of interference. Moreover, the wideband wireless communication technology has the features of large communication capacity, good secrecy and anti-interference capability. Therefore, more and more investigations are contributed to bandwidth widening of communication devices. And the important part of them is wideband antennas.
This dissertation mainly focuses on the novel circular polarized microstrip antenna bandwidth widening techniques. The main contributions of the dissertation are listed as below:
1. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna fed by two L-probes is proposed. The feed network comprises a cascade of a 3dB Wilkinson power divider and a broadband 90°phase shifter. By investigating the current distributions on the circular patch, a current corner is found. It means that the current distributions on the circular patch are not in order for CP operation at the center part of the patch especially at higher frequencies. By adding a circular slot on the circular patch, the circular polarization bandwidth of the antenna is widened. Then a wideband circularly polarized patch antenna with circular slot fed by two L-probe is proposed. The aggressive space mapping (ASM) technology and software IE3D are used for optimizing the antenan's parameter.
2. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna fed by four L-probes is proposed. The feed network comprises a cascade of a transformer and two broadband 90°phase shifter and output four signals. They are orientated to have phase of 0°, 90°, 180°and 270°, and excites the radiating patch by proximity coupling. This arrangement has the advantage of preserving symmetry and canceling out probe leakage radiation and probe coupling, as a result, suppressing cross polarization and widening the impedance and axial-ratio bandwidths.
3. A wideband circularly polarized slot antenna fed by four microstrip line is proposed. It is a bi-directional radiator, and the radiation patterns in both sides of the antenna are similar with contrary circular polarisation, i.e. the front-radiation is right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) while back-radiation is left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP).
4. A wideband circularly polarized Serial Rotated 2x2 circular patch antenna array is proposed. The patches are excited sequentially by a broadband feed network.The performance of wider bandwidth and higher gain is achieved.
本论文主要针对无线通信中的宽带圆极化微带天线设计、分析与应用技术进行了研究与探索。在研究中采用了理论分析、数值仿真和实验验证等手段,提出了多种宽带圆极化微带天线结构,由于其卓越的宽带性能,成果已分别在本领域最高级别刊物IEEE Trans.On Antennas and Propagation,IET Microwaves Antennas&Propagation等上发表,集中体现了作者的研究成果。本文的主要工作如下:
1.研究了双馈电宽带圆极化微带贴片天线设计技术。在对圆极化天线的一般特点和基本要求进行探讨的基础上,针对微带天线带宽窄的固有缺点,采用了一种由3dB Wilkinson功分器和移相器组成的新型宽带馈电网络,运用L型金属棒进行旋转90°近耦合式双馈电,得到了具有宽带性能的圆极化微带贴片天线。并在此基础上,对该天线的面电流分布及辐射特性进行了详细的研究和探讨,又提出了圆极化微带环形贴片天线。并针对该天线结构尺寸进行了优化分析,采用了全波软件和aggressivespace mapping(ASM)优化算法相结合的办法,为天线的结构最优化节省时间和硬件资源,得到了良好的效果。
2.研究了四馈电宽带圆极化微带贴片天线设计技术。在对天线双馈电的基础上,对称增加一对L型金属棒进行馈电。这种对称结构有效消除了天线馈电金属棒的辐射泄漏和之间的信号耦合,抑制了交叉极化,扩展了天线的圆极化带宽。并通过仿真和试验进行了验证。
3.研究了四馈电宽带圆极化缝隙天线设计技术。在接地板上开圆形槽进行电磁波的辐射,采用四条微带线进行馈电,不但具有宽带特性,而且具有双圆极化性能。
4.研究了宽带圆极化微带天线阵的设计技术。在对单个宽带圆极化天线研究得到比较充分的结果后,继续对圆极化天线阵进行了研究。采用相位旋转式单馈电形式的馈电结构对天线阵进行馈电,得到了良好的效果,在保证了一定的圆极化带宽的基础上,增加了天线的增益性能,并通过仿真和试验进行了验证。
From 1970s, the technology of microstrip antenna advanced quickly. They afford the attractive features of being low profile, light weight, low cost, easy to fabricate and conformable to mounting structures, and compatible with integrated circuit technology. So they are widely employed in radar, navigation, satellite and mobile communication systems. Circular polarization, compared to linear polarization, allows for greater flexibility in orientation angle between transmitter and receiver, better mobility and weather penetration, and reduction in multi-path reflections and other kinds of interference. Moreover, the wideband wireless communication technology has the features of large communication capacity, good secrecy and anti-interference capability. Therefore, more and more investigations are contributed to bandwidth widening of communication devices. And the important part of them is wideband antennas.
This dissertation mainly focuses on the novel circular polarized microstrip antenna bandwidth widening techniques. The main contributions of the dissertation are listed as below:
1. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna fed by two L-probes is proposed. The feed network comprises a cascade of a 3dB Wilkinson power divider and a broadband 90°phase shifter. By investigating the current distributions on the circular patch, a current corner is found. It means that the current distributions on the circular patch are not in order for CP operation at the center part of the patch especially at higher frequencies. By adding a circular slot on the circular patch, the circular polarization bandwidth of the antenna is widened. Then a wideband circularly polarized patch antenna with circular slot fed by two L-probe is proposed. The aggressive space mapping (ASM) technology and software IE3D are used for optimizing the antenan's parameter.
2. A wideband circularly polarized patch antenna fed by four L-probes is proposed. The feed network comprises a cascade of a transformer and two broadband 90°phase shifter and output four signals. They are orientated to have phase of 0°, 90°, 180°and 270°, and excites the radiating patch by proximity coupling. This arrangement has the advantage of preserving symmetry and canceling out probe leakage radiation and probe coupling, as a result, suppressing cross polarization and widening the impedance and axial-ratio bandwidths.
3. A wideband circularly polarized slot antenna fed by four microstrip line is proposed. It is a bi-directional radiator, and the radiation patterns in both sides of the antenna are similar with contrary circular polarisation, i.e. the front-radiation is right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) while back-radiation is left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP).
4. A wideband circularly polarized Serial Rotated 2x2 circular patch antenna array is proposed. The patches are excited sequentially by a broadband feed network.The performance of wider bandwidth and higher gain is achieved.
引文
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87 C.W.Su,J.S.Row.Slot-coupled microstrip antenna for broadband circular polarisation,Electronics Letters.2006(3):318-319
88 X.M.Qing,Y.W.M.Chia.Circularly polarised circular ring slot antenna fed by stripline hybrid coupler.Electronics Letters.pp 1999(10):2154-2155
89 W.C.Hong,C.T.Chenq,Y.D.Lin,Toshihide Kitazawa.A Novel Dual Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna.European Microwave Conference 2006:1629-1632
90 Y.X.Guo,K.M.Luk,and K.F.Lee.L-probe proximity-fed short-circuited patch antennas.IEE Electronics Letters.1999(24):2069-2070
91 Y.X.Guo,K.M.Luk,and K.F.Lee.U-slot circular patch antennas with an L-probe feeding.IEE Electronics Letters.1999(20):1694-1695
92 Y.X.Guo,C.L.Mak,K.M.Luk,and K.F.Lee.Analysis and design of L-probe proximity fed patch antenna.IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation.2001(2):145-149
93 Y.X.Guo,K.M.Luk,and K.F.Lee.L-probe proximity-fed annular ring microstrip antennas.IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation.2001(1):19-21
94 Y.X.Guo,M.Y.W.Chia,Z.N.Chen,and K.M.Luk.Wideband L-probe fed circular patch antenna for conical-pattern radiation.IEEE Trans Antennas and Propagation.2004(4):1115-1116
95 Y.X.Guo,K.M.Luk,and K.F.Lee.L-probe fed thick-substrate patch antenna mounted on a finite ground plane.IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation.2003(8):1955-1963
96 陈振国.微波技术基础与应用.第二版.北京:北京邮电大学出版社.2002
97 David M.Pozar,Sean M.Duffy.A Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Aperture-Coupled Stacked Microstrip Antenna for Global Positioning Satellite.IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation.1997(11):1618-1625
98 Mon-Chun Pan,Kin-Lu Wong.Circularly polarized microstrip antenna with dual-CPW feed.IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium.2000(2):996-999
99 Kin-Lu Wong,Tzung-Wern Chiou.Broad-Band Single-Patch Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Dual Capacitively Coupled Feeds.IEEE Trans.Antennas and Propagation.2001(1):41-44
100 S.Y.Eom,H.K.Park.New switched-network phase shifter with broadband characteristics.Microwave Optical Technology Letter.2003(4):255-257
101 J.Watkins.Circular resonant structures in microstrip.Electronics Letters.1969(21):524-525
102 L.Z.Fa,K.P.Shyan,L.L.Wei.A Method for Designing Broadband Microstrip Antennas in Muhilayered Planar Structures IEEE Trans on Antennas and Propagation.1999(9):1416-1420
103 J.W.Bandler,R.M.Biernacki,Shao Hua Chen,P.A.Grobelny,R.H.Hemmers.Space mapping technique for electromagnetic optimization.IEEE Trans.on Microwave Theory and Techniques.1994(12):2536-2544
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105 Jiang Zhu, J.W.Bandler, N.K.Nikolova, S.Koziel. Antenna Optimization Through Space Mapping. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation. 2007(3):651-658
106 Hao Wang, Da-Gang Fang, X.GChen. A compact single layer monopulse microstrip antenna array. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation. 2006(2):503-509
107 J.W.Bandler, R.M.Biernacki, Shao Hua Chen, Ya Fei Huang. Design optimization of interdigital filters using aggressive space mapping and decomposition. IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1997 (5):761-769
108 Ning-Ning Feng, Gui-Rong Zhou, Wei-Ping Huang. Space mapping technique for design optimization of antireflection coatings in photonic devices. Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2003(1):281-285
109 Zenland Software,..IE3D User's Manual Version5.1.
110 M.N.Jazi, M.N.Azarmanesh. Design and implementation of circularly polarised microstrip antenna array using a new serial feed sequentially rotated technique. IEE Proceedings Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation. 2006(2): 133-140
111 J.Huang. A technique for an array to generate circular polarization with linearly polarized elements. IEEE Trans. on Antennas and Propagation. 1986(9): 1113-1124
112 J.D.Morrow, J.T.Williams, M.F.Davis, D.L.Licon, S.A.Long, J.C.Wolfe. A circularly polarized HTS microstrip antenna array. Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 1995(1):760-763