路用探地雷达在道路工程中的应用研究
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摘要
随着我国公路、城市道路、机场道面建设的快速发展，对先进的、新型检测技术的需求日益迫切。然而，我国现行的公路检测手段却相对较落后，比如，路面厚度检测仍采用钻孔取芯、手工量测的办法，各结构层压实度、含水量等指针的检测仍依赖人工手段，如环刀法、灌砂法等，不仅效率低、代表性差，而且对路面具有破坏性；虽然不少单位从国外进口了一些先进检测设备，但由于缺乏配套技术和相应的标准及规范，造成这些设备尚未充分发挥应有的作用，这种状况与我国当前公路建设的发展很不适应。因此加快开发快速、高效的公路检测技术已成为目前亟待解决的关键问题之一。
路用探地雷达(简称GPR)是一种新型的公路无损检测设备，由于其检测内容丰富、测试速度快(80km／h)、取样密度高、可进行资料的实时成像处理，而且对路面无破损，已经引起了工程界的广泛关注。
本文针对GPR作了较全面的分析，介绍了探地雷达的发展过程、设备组成与探测原理，并依据大量的工程实践，探讨了探地雷达在道路工程结构中的各种应用。重点就GPR在路面结构层厚度检测和在刚性混凝土板下的脱空识别中的理论和应用进行了研究，并给出了相应的工程实例。
1．GPR工作原理及其组成
GPR是一种用于确定地下介质分布的广谱电磁技术。探地雷达检测路面是利用高频电磁波以宽频带短脉冲的形式，通过天线中的发射器将信号传入地下，波在地下传播过程中遇到不同电性介质接口时，一部分电磁波能量被接口反射回来，另一部分能量会继续穿透接口进入下一层介质，各接口反射电磁波由天线中的接收器接收，再利用采样技术将其转化为数字信号进行处理。通过对电磁波反射信号(即回波信号)的时频特征和振幅特征进行分析，便能了解路面层的特征信息(如介电常数、层厚、空洞等)。探地雷达采用非接地性测量，可作快速连续检测，对检测对象无损，能比较直观地表现检测目标物，因此探地雷达技术成为工程地球物理勘查的重要方法之一，广泛用于地下管线探测，结构物无损检测，岩土勘查，地下洞穴等工程勘察领域。
路用探地雷达系统主要由三部分组成：天线，将电磁波定向辐射入路面系统；发射机，产生正弦型脉冲，高频电磁波；接收机，捕捉反射信号，然后将这些信号传递给信号处理机对信号进行处理。一旦回波被捕获，下一个脉冲波将产生并辐射入媒介中。
2．GPR在工程中应用
近年来，探地雷达在公路检测中的应用在国际上日益受到重视，并显示出广阔的应用前景和巨大的效益，取得了较丰硕的研究成果。本文回顾并总结了GPR在道路中的各种应用，叙述了其在路面地基勘察和现场压实度控制、新铺沥青路面控制、含水量评价及路面缺陷识别中的应用，并给出了具体的应用实例。
针对河南省道路检测工程技术研究中心(郑州大学)引进的美国Pulse Radar公司生产的RADAR V路用探地雷达系统，结合现场实验和对实验回波信号的分析及数据处理，重点研究了其在结构层厚度检测及在刚性混凝土板下脱空识别中的理论及工程应用，并
给出了相应的工程实例。通过实验对比，探讨探地雷达在道路工程中的应用。
路用探地雷达是一种高效、快捷、无损的检测设备，它能够广泛应用于道路工程的
施工质量控制和工程竣工质量验收评价。但由于GPR回波信息十分丰富，对其还需要进
一步进行研究分析，以期使WR得到更广泛的应用。
With the great development of highway construction in the China, pavement investment has occupied a big part of road and highway investment since the reform and open-up, at the same time, pavement quality affects the total quality of highway, and pavement usage life span directly has an effect on the investment benefit and the quality of highway. The original testing method of project quality, which is obtained by taking pavement core samples, is a slow, low-efficient, poor-representative and destructive task, thus it is necessary to develop a quick, simple, efficient and nondestructive testing method of pavement quality. In road structure surveys, GPR has been used to measure layer thickness, to detect voids under concrete skbs, to evaluate the density and water content of subsurface kyers of the pavement In fact, GPR, which is a quick, high-precision, non-touching and nondestructive testing tool, and which directly gains subsurface section images and carries on real-time imaging disposal of testing data, h
as a wide application foreground GPR has been caught the attention of a lot of countries; many universities and research institutions have introduced into the foreign GPR equipments, carried out some work and gained some fruits.
In this paper, a systematical study was done for the engineering problem using GPR to evaluate pavement structure. The results are as follows:!) A detailed narration is concerned about GPR's makeup and exploration theory, 2) There is a qualitative analysis and a summarization about subterranean reflected signals according to the basic theories of electromagnetic, based on the dielectric characteristics of common subterranean medias; 3) GPR has a wide range of applications on roads and highways, in this introduction about subgrade surveys and site investigations, damage surveys in road structures, and evaluating water content and compactness with detailed cases has been done. 4) attentions have focused on measuring the thickness of the concrete kyer on flexible and rigid pavements with air-kunched hom antennas; and 5) The formation of voids beneath concrete pavements is a serious problem. GPR can detect voids under concrete skbs. It is based on the identification of the amplitude of reflection of the skb/CTB
interface. Some examples are offered to validate its application.
Henan Engineering Research Center for Road NOT Technology (Zhengzhou University) recently has introduced a set of GPR systems produced by Pulse Radar inc in America; these systems have been used for thickness measurements and void identifications. To this day, Henan NDT center has earned out a lot of work This paper also emphasizes the two aspects.
路用探地雷达(简称GPR)是一种新型的公路无损检测设备，由于其检测内容丰富、测试速度快(80km／h)、取样密度高、可进行资料的实时成像处理，而且对路面无破损，已经引起了工程界的广泛关注。
本文针对GPR作了较全面的分析，介绍了探地雷达的发展过程、设备组成与探测原理，并依据大量的工程实践，探讨了探地雷达在道路工程结构中的各种应用。重点就GPR在路面结构层厚度检测和在刚性混凝土板下的脱空识别中的理论和应用进行了研究，并给出了相应的工程实例。
1．GPR工作原理及其组成
GPR是一种用于确定地下介质分布的广谱电磁技术。探地雷达检测路面是利用高频电磁波以宽频带短脉冲的形式，通过天线中的发射器将信号传入地下，波在地下传播过程中遇到不同电性介质接口时，一部分电磁波能量被接口反射回来，另一部分能量会继续穿透接口进入下一层介质，各接口反射电磁波由天线中的接收器接收，再利用采样技术将其转化为数字信号进行处理。通过对电磁波反射信号(即回波信号)的时频特征和振幅特征进行分析，便能了解路面层的特征信息(如介电常数、层厚、空洞等)。探地雷达采用非接地性测量，可作快速连续检测，对检测对象无损，能比较直观地表现检测目标物，因此探地雷达技术成为工程地球物理勘查的重要方法之一，广泛用于地下管线探测，结构物无损检测，岩土勘查，地下洞穴等工程勘察领域。
路用探地雷达系统主要由三部分组成：天线，将电磁波定向辐射入路面系统；发射机，产生正弦型脉冲，高频电磁波；接收机，捕捉反射信号，然后将这些信号传递给信号处理机对信号进行处理。一旦回波被捕获，下一个脉冲波将产生并辐射入媒介中。
2．GPR在工程中应用
近年来，探地雷达在公路检测中的应用在国际上日益受到重视，并显示出广阔的应用前景和巨大的效益，取得了较丰硕的研究成果。本文回顾并总结了GPR在道路中的各种应用，叙述了其在路面地基勘察和现场压实度控制、新铺沥青路面控制、含水量评价及路面缺陷识别中的应用，并给出了具体的应用实例。
针对河南省道路检测工程技术研究中心(郑州大学)引进的美国Pulse Radar公司生产的RADAR V路用探地雷达系统，结合现场实验和对实验回波信号的分析及数据处理，重点研究了其在结构层厚度检测及在刚性混凝土板下脱空识别中的理论及工程应用，并
给出了相应的工程实例。通过实验对比，探讨探地雷达在道路工程中的应用。
路用探地雷达是一种高效、快捷、无损的检测设备，它能够广泛应用于道路工程的
施工质量控制和工程竣工质量验收评价。但由于GPR回波信息十分丰富，对其还需要进
一步进行研究分析，以期使WR得到更广泛的应用。
With the great development of highway construction in the China, pavement investment has occupied a big part of road and highway investment since the reform and open-up, at the same time, pavement quality affects the total quality of highway, and pavement usage life span directly has an effect on the investment benefit and the quality of highway. The original testing method of project quality, which is obtained by taking pavement core samples, is a slow, low-efficient, poor-representative and destructive task, thus it is necessary to develop a quick, simple, efficient and nondestructive testing method of pavement quality. In road structure surveys, GPR has been used to measure layer thickness, to detect voids under concrete skbs, to evaluate the density and water content of subsurface kyers of the pavement In fact, GPR, which is a quick, high-precision, non-touching and nondestructive testing tool, and which directly gains subsurface section images and carries on real-time imaging disposal of testing data, h
as a wide application foreground GPR has been caught the attention of a lot of countries; many universities and research institutions have introduced into the foreign GPR equipments, carried out some work and gained some fruits.
In this paper, a systematical study was done for the engineering problem using GPR to evaluate pavement structure. The results are as follows:!) A detailed narration is concerned about GPR's makeup and exploration theory, 2) There is a qualitative analysis and a summarization about subterranean reflected signals according to the basic theories of electromagnetic, based on the dielectric characteristics of common subterranean medias; 3) GPR has a wide range of applications on roads and highways, in this introduction about subgrade surveys and site investigations, damage surveys in road structures, and evaluating water content and compactness with detailed cases has been done. 4) attentions have focused on measuring the thickness of the concrete kyer on flexible and rigid pavements with air-kunched hom antennas; and 5) The formation of voids beneath concrete pavements is a serious problem. GPR can detect voids under concrete skbs. It is based on the identification of the amplitude of reflection of the skb/CTB
interface. Some examples are offered to validate its application.
Henan Engineering Research Center for Road NOT Technology (Zhengzhou University) recently has introduced a set of GPR systems produced by Pulse Radar inc in America; these systems have been used for thickness measurements and void identifications. To this day, Henan NDT center has earned out a lot of work This paper also emphasizes the two aspects.
引文
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[2] 王惠濂，李大心．脉冲时间域探地雷达讲座[J]．国外地质勘探技术．1990，1．P．34-40．
[3] 王惠濂．地质雷达的物理模拟研究[J]．地球科学，1993，13(3)．p．205-208
[4] 何大明，李大心．探地雷达探测公路路基质量的可能性探讨[J]．地质科技情报．2000，19(3)，p．90-92
[5] 李大心．公路工程的探地雷达检测技术[J]．地球科学—中国地质大学学报．1996，21(6)，P．661-663
[6] 杨永俊．探地雷达用于公路检测初探[J]．公路交通科技，2000，6．p，7-9，12
[7] 支海燕．中国道路探测雷达技术与应用[C]．第三届国际道路和机场路面技术大会论文集．1998．p．507-516．
[8] 张安学．探地雷达系统回波信号处理及成象方法的研究．[D]．西安交通大学．硕士学位论文．1999．
[9] 邓华．小波变换在路用雷达信号处理中的应用[D]．郑州大学．硕士学位论文．2002，5．
[10] 董晓龙．无载波脉冲探地雷达信号处理若干问题的研究[D]．西安交通大学．博士学位论文．1996，5．
[11] 郭强．探地雷达信号处理的时-频分析法[D]．北京理工大学．硕士学位论文．1996，1．
[12] 肖兵．探地雷达信号多参数分析[c]．中国地球物理学会第 13 届年会论文集．1997，11．p．377．
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