陕北三叠系延长组砂岩主要成岩作用及对孔隙发育的影响
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摘要
论文主要研究鄂尔多斯盆地东部陕北地区延长组砂岩的成岩作用及其对储集空间的控
制。
采用偏光显微镜下普通薄片、铸体薄片观察，扫描电镜及能谱分析，阴极发光，电子探
针，X-射线衍射，同位素等分析方法，研究了陕北地区延长组的砂岩的岩石学特征。应用热
力学的理论，计算了浊沸石胶结物的最低形成温度，在5—40 MPa的压力范围内，30～40℃
左右的温度就可以形成，因而陕北地区延长组的浊沸石沉淀开始于早成岩作用早期。在此基
础上，结合陕北地区的地质背景和埋藏历史，研究了延长组砂岩的成岩作用，建立了成岩序
列。对碎屑的绿泥石包膜、碳酸盐和浊沸石胶结物形成机理有了更深刻的理解；结合碳、氧、
锶同位素和微量元素分析资料，对三种主要自生矿物的成因作出了初步的解释。
根据储层孔隙类型特征，结合成岩作用研究，探讨了成岩作用对储集空间的影响和控制
作用。指出绿泥石包膜有利于储层原生孔隙和长石溶孔的保存；碳酸盐胶结物对储层的作用
主要是封堵孔隙，虽然抵抗了压实作用，但溶蚀很少，对储层起破坏作用。浊沸石胶结物虽
然大面积占据了储层孔隙，但后期的溶蚀作用又提供了较多的次生孔隙，从而提高了长6油
层组的储层质量。
根据以上研究，本文认为：除沉积作用外，成岩作用显著控制了储层质量。在陕北地区
延长组储层中，不同油层组储层质量控制因素不同：长2油层组中，相对较弱的压实作用、
绿泥石包膜的存在、较少的胶结作用和一定的不稳定碎屑溶蚀使面孔率较高、储集性较好；
长6油层组中，早期胶结物的沉淀和绿泥石包膜抵抗了压实作用，保存了粒间体积，后期的
胶结物溶蚀形成了较多的次生孔隙，提高了储层质量。
论文最后以陕北地区东北部的杨米涧地区为例，应用逐步回归方法评价沉积和成岩因素
对储层质量的控制作用，验证了成岩作用研究结论。结合逐步回归结果和成岩作用研究，根
据杨米涧地区长6油层组中绿泥石包膜、长石和沸石的溶蚀都是从南向北逐渐减少的，同时
沸石胶结物等非绿泥石胶结物则是从南向北逐渐增多的实际情况，得到储层质量从南向北逐
渐变差的结论。
Diagenesis and effects on porosity in Triassic sandstones of
Yanchang formation, north of Shaanxi province, Ordos Basin
Liu Jie
(Chengdu University of Technology)
Abstract
The theme of this thesis is the clastic diagenesis Yanchang formation, Triassic,
north of Shaanxi province, Ordos Basin, and control factors on the porosity of the
fCsefVloL
We study the petrologic characters of Yanchang sandstone using the microscope,
the scanning electronic microscope, energy spectrum analysis, cathodoluminescence
analysis, the electron-probe analysis, X-ray diffraction, and the isotope analysis ect.
Based on thermodynamic theory We calculate the Gibbs free energy of two reactions
for laumonite's formation. We get results when the pressure change from 5 to 40 Mpa,
the minimtun temPeratUr for the reedions is 30 to 40oC, therefore, the laumonite in
the Yanchang formations should have been precipitated in the early diagenesis.
Considering the geological setting and the burial history, we also studied the diagenesis
and established the mode of the diagenesis. We get more knowledge of the
precipitation mechanism of the chlorite, carbonate and laumonite cements. Combining
the data of carbon, oxygen, stfolltium isotopes and trace elemeflts, we illterpret the
formation mechanism of them.
According to the characters of the porosity and diagenesis of the sandstone, we
discussed the diagenesis' effects or condolling factors on the porosity We suggest that
the chlorite coats are positive to preserve the original porosity and secondary porosity.
Although the cemeniation of the carbonate resist the mechanical comPaction, its rarely
dissolution result in blocking the pore in sandstone. The laumonite cements occuPied
the most porosity, bat its dissolution provides more secondry porosity it is postive to
the reservoir.
Base on all the study, we conclude that: besides sedimental facies, the diagenesis
controls the reservoir quality Because of less comPactiing, more chlorite coating, less
cementation and dissolution, the sandstone in Chang 2 section has more porosity and
better quality. Whereas the dissolation of early cements, together with the chlorite
coating generated abundam secondary porosity in the sandstone of Chang 6 section.
In the end, we use multiple stepwise regression analysis to evaluate the main factors, which dominate the reservoir quality of Chang 6 section in YangMiJian area, Ordos basin, using the results of the regression analysis and diagenesis. According to the facts that the chlorite coat, the feldspar and laumonite dissolution drop off from the south to north, at the same time, laumonite and other cements increase gradually, we proposal that the reservoir quality in the south is better than that of the north.
制。
采用偏光显微镜下普通薄片、铸体薄片观察，扫描电镜及能谱分析，阴极发光，电子探
针，X-射线衍射，同位素等分析方法，研究了陕北地区延长组的砂岩的岩石学特征。应用热
力学的理论，计算了浊沸石胶结物的最低形成温度，在5—40 MPa的压力范围内，30～40℃
左右的温度就可以形成，因而陕北地区延长组的浊沸石沉淀开始于早成岩作用早期。在此基
础上，结合陕北地区的地质背景和埋藏历史，研究了延长组砂岩的成岩作用，建立了成岩序
列。对碎屑的绿泥石包膜、碳酸盐和浊沸石胶结物形成机理有了更深刻的理解；结合碳、氧、
锶同位素和微量元素分析资料，对三种主要自生矿物的成因作出了初步的解释。
根据储层孔隙类型特征，结合成岩作用研究，探讨了成岩作用对储集空间的影响和控制
作用。指出绿泥石包膜有利于储层原生孔隙和长石溶孔的保存；碳酸盐胶结物对储层的作用
主要是封堵孔隙，虽然抵抗了压实作用，但溶蚀很少，对储层起破坏作用。浊沸石胶结物虽
然大面积占据了储层孔隙，但后期的溶蚀作用又提供了较多的次生孔隙，从而提高了长6油
层组的储层质量。
根据以上研究，本文认为：除沉积作用外，成岩作用显著控制了储层质量。在陕北地区
延长组储层中，不同油层组储层质量控制因素不同：长2油层组中，相对较弱的压实作用、
绿泥石包膜的存在、较少的胶结作用和一定的不稳定碎屑溶蚀使面孔率较高、储集性较好；
长6油层组中，早期胶结物的沉淀和绿泥石包膜抵抗了压实作用，保存了粒间体积，后期的
胶结物溶蚀形成了较多的次生孔隙，提高了储层质量。
论文最后以陕北地区东北部的杨米涧地区为例，应用逐步回归方法评价沉积和成岩因素
对储层质量的控制作用，验证了成岩作用研究结论。结合逐步回归结果和成岩作用研究，根
据杨米涧地区长6油层组中绿泥石包膜、长石和沸石的溶蚀都是从南向北逐渐减少的，同时
沸石胶结物等非绿泥石胶结物则是从南向北逐渐增多的实际情况，得到储层质量从南向北逐
渐变差的结论。
Diagenesis and effects on porosity in Triassic sandstones of
Yanchang formation, north of Shaanxi province, Ordos Basin
Liu Jie
(Chengdu University of Technology)
Abstract
The theme of this thesis is the clastic diagenesis Yanchang formation, Triassic,
north of Shaanxi province, Ordos Basin, and control factors on the porosity of the
fCsefVloL
We study the petrologic characters of Yanchang sandstone using the microscope,
the scanning electronic microscope, energy spectrum analysis, cathodoluminescence
analysis, the electron-probe analysis, X-ray diffraction, and the isotope analysis ect.
Based on thermodynamic theory We calculate the Gibbs free energy of two reactions
for laumonite's formation. We get results when the pressure change from 5 to 40 Mpa,
the minimtun temPeratUr for the reedions is 30 to 40oC, therefore, the laumonite in
the Yanchang formations should have been precipitated in the early diagenesis.
Considering the geological setting and the burial history, we also studied the diagenesis
and established the mode of the diagenesis. We get more knowledge of the
precipitation mechanism of the chlorite, carbonate and laumonite cements. Combining
the data of carbon, oxygen, stfolltium isotopes and trace elemeflts, we illterpret the
formation mechanism of them.
According to the characters of the porosity and diagenesis of the sandstone, we
discussed the diagenesis' effects or condolling factors on the porosity We suggest that
the chlorite coats are positive to preserve the original porosity and secondary porosity.
Although the cemeniation of the carbonate resist the mechanical comPaction, its rarely
dissolution result in blocking the pore in sandstone. The laumonite cements occuPied
the most porosity, bat its dissolution provides more secondry porosity it is postive to
the reservoir.
Base on all the study, we conclude that: besides sedimental facies, the diagenesis
controls the reservoir quality Because of less comPactiing, more chlorite coating, less
cementation and dissolution, the sandstone in Chang 2 section has more porosity and
better quality. Whereas the dissolation of early cements, together with the chlorite
coating generated abundam secondary porosity in the sandstone of Chang 6 section.
In the end, we use multiple stepwise regression analysis to evaluate the main factors, which dominate the reservoir quality of Chang 6 section in YangMiJian area, Ordos basin, using the results of the regression analysis and diagenesis. According to the facts that the chlorite coat, the feldspar and laumonite dissolution drop off from the south to north, at the same time, laumonite and other cements increase gradually, we proposal that the reservoir quality in the south is better than that of the north.
引文
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6．刘林玉、陈刚、柳益群等，1998，碎屑岩储集层溶蚀型次生孔隙发育的影响因素分析，沉积学报，v．16，No．2，p．97-101
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9．孙善平，1993，克拉玛依油区沸石类矿物特征及其与油气的关系，岩相古地理，v．13，No．2，p．37-48
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2．黄思静、侯中健，2001，地下孔隙率和渗透率在空间和时间的上变化及影响因素，沉积学报，印刷中
3．黄思静，1992，碳酸盐矿物的阴极发光性与其Fe、Mn含量的关系，矿物岩石，1992，v．12，No．4，p．74-79
4．刘宝珺、张锦泉，1992，沉积成岩作用，科学出版社
5．刘洁、皇甫红英，2000，碳酸盐矿物的阴极发光性与微量元素的关系，沉积与特提斯地质，v．20，No．3，p．71-76
6．刘林玉、陈刚、柳益群等，1998，碎屑岩储集层溶蚀型次生孔隙发育的影响因素分析，沉积学报，v．16，No．2，p．97-101
7．卢武长主编，1986．5，《稳定同位素地球化学》，成都地质学院
8．梅志超、刘文荣，1987，鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系长石砂岩中的自生浊沸石，西北大学地质系成立四十五周年学术报告会论文集(上册)，陕西科学技术出版社，p．95-101
9．孙善平，1993，克拉玛依油区沸石类矿物特征及其与油气的关系，岩相古地理，v．13，No．2，p．37-48
10．王英华、张绍平、潘荣胜，1990，阴极发光技术在地质学中的应用，地质出版社
11．邢顺洤、王行信、辛国强等译，1985，粘土矿物和资源地质学，黑龙江科学技术出版社
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