西昆仑塔什库尔干混杂岩地质特征及其大地构造意义
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摘要
西昆仑造山带是研究特提斯构造域极为重要的关键地区。塔什库尔干地区处在西昆仑造山带的一个重要的构造转折部位,几条构造边界汇聚于此。其中麻扎-康西瓦断裂带是最要的一条构造边界,许多专家将其厘定为板块构造缝合带,认为古特提斯洋最终闭合于此。该断裂带在康西瓦地区研究程度较高,但其由区外的近东西向向西“转”为北北西向进入塔什库尔干地区后的展布位置、构造特征和属性尚不清楚。塔什库尔干构造混杂岩带的发现和研究不仅明确了麻扎-康西瓦断裂带的区域延伸位置,而且为确定该断裂带具有“板块结合带”性质提供了新的重要信息,对认识西昆仑地区特提斯构造演化具有重要意义。
塔什库尔干混杂岩带呈北西—北北西向延伸,出露宽度30-80km,东、西构造边界分别为瓦恰断裂带、塔阿西断裂带。混杂岩成分复杂,由大量不同时代、不同性质的构造岩片或岩块组成,并有不同时代岩浆岩侵入其中。以1:25万填图精度,将塔什库尔干混杂岩划分为4类岩片:古元古界基底岩片为一套富含石榴石、夕线石等特征变质矿物的变质岩系,岩石地层为古元古界布伦阔勒岩群。震旦纪大陆板内裂谷玄武岩岩片为一套变质玄武岩,岩石主量元素、稀土、微量元素、同位素特征均指示为大陆裂解玄武岩。该火山岩SHRIMP U-Pb钻石测得的年龄为850Ma,表明该地区存在有晚元古代的岩浆作用,有可能是Rodinia演化过程中的产物。奥陶-志留纪复理石岩片为一套经历了剪切变形和低绿片岩相区域变质作用的细粒浊积岩,含早志留世笔石化石。石炭-二叠纪火山弧岩片为一套高钾钙碱性火山岩系。
塔什库尔干混杂岩带中,发现了大量基性—超基性岩岩块,被视为“蛇绿岩构造残片”。更重要的是,混杂岩带中发现有基性高压麻粒岩和泥质高压麻粒岩。基性高压麻粒岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果显示,高压变质年龄为456±30Ma,这与残余洋瓮出现在早志留世相吻合。据此,可以认为塔什库尔干构造混杂岩带的形成过程开始于早古生代,持续到晚早古生代,表明西昆仑地区在早古生代开始发生板块的俯冲和碰撞,暗示麻扎-康西瓦断裂带可能代表了原特提斯洋-古特提斯洋俯冲消减并最终闭合的界线。
Orogenic belt of West Kunlun locates in the northwest edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,north adjacent to the Tarim Basin,west extending to the Pamir Plateau and south adjacent to Karakoram.The belt is the greatest importance areas in study the Alps-Tethys Himalayan tectonic structure and the ancient Tethys domain.
Taxkorgan area is an important turning point in western Kunlun orogenic belt, where the tectonic boundaries(zone) control the West Kunlun tectonic units.Mazar of them - Kangxiwar fault zone which is determined plate tectonic suture and in which ancient Tethys final closed by many experts.The fault zone is studied very well in the region Kangxiwar,but the location of the distribution,structure and characteristics of the property is not clear.The found and study of Taxkorgan tectonic melange not only defined the mazar-Kangxiwar extension of the regional location of the fault zone,but also provided a new and important information of the fault zone with "combination plate" nature.
Taxkorgan mélange zone exposes 30-80km width extending from North West to North West.The eastern border is Waqia tectonic fault zone and western is Tae Xi fault.Composition of Melange is complex complicated by different times and different kinds of tectonic plates or block with different era invasived magmatic rocks. Taxkorgan melange could be divided into Paleoproterozoic basement rock-chip,the mainland Sinian plate rift basalt rock,Ordovician-Silurian flysch rock and Carboniferous-Permian volcanic arc Rock-chip by 1:250000 geologic map.
High-pressure metamorphic rocks accompanied with the Paleoproterozoic basement rocks composited by the basic high-pressure granulite muddy high-pressure granulite.Muddy high-pressure granulite outputs in the same region with the basic high-pressure granulite,a large area in the output of garnet two-mica schist,including the K-kyanite garnet two-mica schist..
Basic high-pressure granulite SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age is 456±30Ma which represents the peak of high pressure granulite facies metamorphic age.Remnants of oceanic basin has been identified early Silurian.Based on the above two matched important proves,we could concluded than Taxkorgan tectonic melange belt generated at the beginning of the Early Paleozoic.Late Paleozoic volcanic rock in the tectonic melange belt show that the reduction and the process of subduction were longer,more complicated.
The melange belt of Kangxiwar for the establishment of the nature of the fault zone and in the West Kunlun tectonic evolution of the research is of great significance, which indicates that further discoveries in the West Kunlun region in early Paleozoic there have been plate subduction and collision course,and hinted that the mazar-Kangxiwar fault may represent the original Tethys - the ancient Tethys subduction and final closure of the line.
塔什库尔干混杂岩带呈北西—北北西向延伸,出露宽度30-80km,东、西构造边界分别为瓦恰断裂带、塔阿西断裂带。混杂岩成分复杂,由大量不同时代、不同性质的构造岩片或岩块组成,并有不同时代岩浆岩侵入其中。以1:25万填图精度,将塔什库尔干混杂岩划分为4类岩片:古元古界基底岩片为一套富含石榴石、夕线石等特征变质矿物的变质岩系,岩石地层为古元古界布伦阔勒岩群。震旦纪大陆板内裂谷玄武岩岩片为一套变质玄武岩,岩石主量元素、稀土、微量元素、同位素特征均指示为大陆裂解玄武岩。该火山岩SHRIMP U-Pb钻石测得的年龄为850Ma,表明该地区存在有晚元古代的岩浆作用,有可能是Rodinia演化过程中的产物。奥陶-志留纪复理石岩片为一套经历了剪切变形和低绿片岩相区域变质作用的细粒浊积岩,含早志留世笔石化石。石炭-二叠纪火山弧岩片为一套高钾钙碱性火山岩系。
塔什库尔干混杂岩带中,发现了大量基性—超基性岩岩块,被视为“蛇绿岩构造残片”。更重要的是,混杂岩带中发现有基性高压麻粒岩和泥质高压麻粒岩。基性高压麻粒岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄测定结果显示,高压变质年龄为456±30Ma,这与残余洋瓮出现在早志留世相吻合。据此,可以认为塔什库尔干构造混杂岩带的形成过程开始于早古生代,持续到晚早古生代,表明西昆仑地区在早古生代开始发生板块的俯冲和碰撞,暗示麻扎-康西瓦断裂带可能代表了原特提斯洋-古特提斯洋俯冲消减并最终闭合的界线。
Orogenic belt of West Kunlun locates in the northwest edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,north adjacent to the Tarim Basin,west extending to the Pamir Plateau and south adjacent to Karakoram.The belt is the greatest importance areas in study the Alps-Tethys Himalayan tectonic structure and the ancient Tethys domain.
Taxkorgan area is an important turning point in western Kunlun orogenic belt, where the tectonic boundaries(zone) control the West Kunlun tectonic units.Mazar of them - Kangxiwar fault zone which is determined plate tectonic suture and in which ancient Tethys final closed by many experts.The fault zone is studied very well in the region Kangxiwar,but the location of the distribution,structure and characteristics of the property is not clear.The found and study of Taxkorgan tectonic melange not only defined the mazar-Kangxiwar extension of the regional location of the fault zone,but also provided a new and important information of the fault zone with "combination plate" nature.
Taxkorgan mélange zone exposes 30-80km width extending from North West to North West.The eastern border is Waqia tectonic fault zone and western is Tae Xi fault.Composition of Melange is complex complicated by different times and different kinds of tectonic plates or block with different era invasived magmatic rocks. Taxkorgan melange could be divided into Paleoproterozoic basement rock-chip,the mainland Sinian plate rift basalt rock,Ordovician-Silurian flysch rock and Carboniferous-Permian volcanic arc Rock-chip by 1:250000 geologic map.
High-pressure metamorphic rocks accompanied with the Paleoproterozoic basement rocks composited by the basic high-pressure granulite muddy high-pressure granulite.Muddy high-pressure granulite outputs in the same region with the basic high-pressure granulite,a large area in the output of garnet two-mica schist,including the K-kyanite garnet two-mica schist..
Basic high-pressure granulite SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age is 456±30Ma which represents the peak of high pressure granulite facies metamorphic age.Remnants of oceanic basin has been identified early Silurian.Based on the above two matched important proves,we could concluded than Taxkorgan tectonic melange belt generated at the beginning of the Early Paleozoic.Late Paleozoic volcanic rock in the tectonic melange belt show that the reduction and the process of subduction were longer,more complicated.
The melange belt of Kangxiwar for the establishment of the nature of the fault zone and in the West Kunlun tectonic evolution of the research is of great significance, which indicates that further discoveries in the West Kunlun region in early Paleozoic there have been plate subduction and collision course,and hinted that the mazar-Kangxiwar fault may represent the original Tethys - the ancient Tethys subduction and final closure of the line.
引文
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