甘草、党参对大鼠应激性溃疡及多胺影响的研究
|
摘要
研究背景：
脾虚是临床常见的证型,而脾虚证多表现为黏膜的损伤如糜烂、溃疡等。益气健脾中药在治疗此类疾病时常能获得良好效果,能明显改善黏膜功能障碍的主观症状及客观病理表现。黏膜损伤后存在自主修复的过程,在这个过程的第一阶段即快速修复中,多胺能促进细胞迁移,在黏膜损伤修复过程中起着非常重要的作用。多胺的限速酶鸟氨酸脱羧酶,是多胺合成途径上第一个受到严格调控的酶,通过影响多胺的合成发挥其对生物生长和组织损伤后修复的重要作用。
目的：
本研究以大鼠应激性溃疡为黏膜损伤模型,考察甘草、党参对大鼠应激性溃疡模型的作用,并研究其发挥作用的过程中胃和小肠黏膜中多胺含量的变化,观察胃组织中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的表达,为益气健脾中药对胃肠黏膜损伤修复作用机制的研究提供参考。
方法：
1、复制水浸-束缚大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型,选择合适的阳性对照药。
2、建立胃、肠黏膜组织中多胺的HPLC测定方法,考察多胺测定方法的线性关系。
3、以甘草、党参水煎液为受试药,于造模前半小时给药,造模后处死动物,观察大鼠胃溃疡指数；HE染色观察胃窦的病理改变；免疫组化法观察胃窦组织中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的表达情况;ELISA法测定胃黏膜中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的含量变化；高效液相柱前衍生化法测定胃和肠黏膜中多胺的含量变化。
4、提取甘草、党参中的皂苷、黄酮和多糖部分,并测定各部分的含量。将各部分作用于IEC-6细胞迁移模型,筛选出有效部分。
成果：
1、建立了测定胃和小肠黏膜中多胺的含量测定方法,腐胺的回归方程为：y=12.90x-1.058,r2=0.999,线性范围为1.15-28.80(×10-10mol)；精脒的回归方程为：y=39.22x-5.661,r2=0.999,线性范围为3.57-89.23(×10-10mol)；精胺的回归方程为：y=24.62x-3.933,r2=0.999,线性范围为2.21-55.24(x10-10mol)。在线性范围内,各样品的线性关系良好。
2、甘草给药剂量为7.5g/kg和15g/kg时可一直胃溃疡发生；光镜下检查胃黏膜组织的病理学变化显示,甘草有胃黏膜损伤修复作用；免疫组化法检查胃组织中的ODC,正常组表达较少,模型组表达较多,阳性对照组和甘草高剂量组组由于保护胃黏膜作用,抑制了溃疡的发生,ODC表达也较少,甘草低剂量组则介于模型组与高剂量组之间；酶联免疫吸附法结果与免疫组化法结果相符；高剂量组胃粘膜中精脒和精胺含量明显高于模型组；甘草高剂量组小肠黏膜中腐胺含量明显高于模型组,而精脒含量却低于模型组,精胺含量各组之间差异不明显。
3、党参给药剂量为5g/kg和15g/kg时可以抑制胃溃疡的发生；光镜下检查胃黏膜组织的病理学改变显示,党参有胃黏膜损伤修复作用；免疫组化法检测胃组织中的鸟氨酸脱羧酶表达,党参给药组ODC表达都很少；酶联免疫吸附法测定ODC含量,各组之间差异不明显。正常组胃黏膜中精胺的含量均低于其他组别,而阳性对照药EGF组和党参给药组精胺的含量高于模型组；小肠黏膜中腐胺的含量测定结果显示阳性对照药EGF组和党参给药组精胺的含量高于模型组和正常组；党参给药组的精脒和精胺含量与模型组之间的差异也有统计学意义。
结论：
建立的测定胃和小肠黏膜中多胺含量的方法准确、稳定、可靠；甘草、党参有促进黏膜损伤后修复的作用,该作用可能与影响提高多胺含量和影响鸟氨酸脱羧酶表达有关。
Background:
Spleen Deficiency is a common clinical syndromes, and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome performance for mucosal damage such as erosions, ulcers, etc. Spleen Qi medicine in the treatment of these diseases can often get good results, it can significantly improve the subjective symptoms and objective pathological findings of mucosal dysfunction. In mucosal injury after self-repair process, polyamines can promote cell migration in the first stage of this process,as the quick fix. Polyamines plays a very important role in mucosal injury and repair. Polyamine limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, the polyamine synthesis pathway first tightly regulated enzymes that affect polyamine synthesis play an important role in biological growth and tissue damage repair.
Objective:
In this study,we choose stress ulcer as a model of gasteointestinal mucosa damage. To investigate the effects of Radix Glycyrrhiza and Radix Codonopsis on the modle of stress ulcer induced by water-immersion restraint stress(WRS),and study on the changes in polyamines contents of gastrointestinal mucosa.obverse the expression of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric tissue,provide a reference for the study on the Spleen Qi medicine of gastrointestinal mucosal damage repair mechanisms.
Methods:
1Copy immersion-restraint stress ulcer model of rats,select the appropriate positive control.
2To establishing a method of the HPLC determination of polyamines in the gastrointestinal mucosa,examine the linear relationship of polyamine determination.
3Aqueous Extract of Radix Glycyrrhiza and Radix Codonopsis as the investigational drug,dosing half an hour before modeling,the animals were sacrificed after the modeling of rats,the gastric ulcer index was calculated. Observed the changes of the pathologic picture of the gastric antrum with HE deying. The expression of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The concentration of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric mucosa was measured with ELISA method.The polyamines contents of gastrointestinal mucosa were measured with pie-column derivatization reversed-phase high performance liquid chroiruitography.
4Extract the saponins, flavonoids and polysaccharide from radix glycyrrhiza and radix codonopsis, and determinated the content of each parts.observed the effects of the extractions on IEC-6cell migration with the model to select the effective fraction.
Results:
1Established method for the determination of polyamines in gastrointestinal mucosa.putrescine regression equation as:y=12.90x-1.058,r2=0.999,the linear range of1.15-28.80(×10-10mol); the spermidine regression equation:y=39.22x-5.661,r2=0.999. the linear range of3.57-89.23(X10-10mol); spermine of the regression equation was y=24.62x-3.933,r2=0.999, the linear range of2.21-55.24(×10-10mol). Within the linear range, a good linear relationship of the various samples.
2Radix Glycyrrhiza dose of7.5g/kg and15g/kg could inhibit gastric ulcer. The pathological examination of gastric mucosa indicated that Radix Glycyrrhiza protect gastric mucosa; The expression of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric tissue detected by immunohistochemistry showed that.the normal group expressed less. greater expression in model group. the positive control group and Radix Glycyrrhiza high dose group due to the protection of the gastric mucosa, inhibiting the occurrence of ulcers, ODC expression is also less. Radix Glycyrrhiza low-dose group between the model group and the high dose group;The results of ELISA consistent with the results of the immunohistochemical method: Spermidine and spermine content in the gastric mucosa of the high dose group was significantly higher than the model group; Putrescine content of small intestine mucosa in High dose group was significantly higher than model group, spermidine content was lower than the model group. The difference between of spermine levels in each group was not obvious.
3Radix codonopsis dose of5g/kg and lOg/kg could inhibit gastric ulcer. The pathological examination of gastric mucosa indicated that radix codonopsis protect gastric mucosa; The expression of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric tissue detected by immunohistochemistry showed that, ODC expression of treatment groups with radix codonopsis are small; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ODC content, no significant differences between groups. Spermine content of gastric mucosa in the normal group were lower than other groups, while the positive control drug EGF group and radix codonopsis treatment group spermine content is higher than the model group; Determination of the content of putrescine in the small intestinal mucosa results show that the positive control medicine EGF group and the of radix codonopsis administration of spermine content is higher than the model group and normal group:the difference between the the radix codonopsis dosing group of spermidine and spermine content model group is statistically significant.
Conclusion:
The established method for determinating the polyamines content of gastrointestinal mucosa is accurate and stabilize. Radix Glycyrrhiza and Radix Codonopsis can protect gastrointestinal mucosa from damages, and promote damage repair,and the role is related to the role of the role of ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine.
脾虚是临床常见的证型,而脾虚证多表现为黏膜的损伤如糜烂、溃疡等。益气健脾中药在治疗此类疾病时常能获得良好效果,能明显改善黏膜功能障碍的主观症状及客观病理表现。黏膜损伤后存在自主修复的过程,在这个过程的第一阶段即快速修复中,多胺能促进细胞迁移,在黏膜损伤修复过程中起着非常重要的作用。多胺的限速酶鸟氨酸脱羧酶,是多胺合成途径上第一个受到严格调控的酶,通过影响多胺的合成发挥其对生物生长和组织损伤后修复的重要作用。
目的：
本研究以大鼠应激性溃疡为黏膜损伤模型,考察甘草、党参对大鼠应激性溃疡模型的作用,并研究其发挥作用的过程中胃和小肠黏膜中多胺含量的变化,观察胃组织中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的表达,为益气健脾中药对胃肠黏膜损伤修复作用机制的研究提供参考。
方法：
1、复制水浸-束缚大鼠应激性胃溃疡模型,选择合适的阳性对照药。
2、建立胃、肠黏膜组织中多胺的HPLC测定方法,考察多胺测定方法的线性关系。
3、以甘草、党参水煎液为受试药,于造模前半小时给药,造模后处死动物,观察大鼠胃溃疡指数；HE染色观察胃窦的病理改变；免疫组化法观察胃窦组织中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的表达情况;ELISA法测定胃黏膜中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的含量变化；高效液相柱前衍生化法测定胃和肠黏膜中多胺的含量变化。
4、提取甘草、党参中的皂苷、黄酮和多糖部分,并测定各部分的含量。将各部分作用于IEC-6细胞迁移模型,筛选出有效部分。
成果：
1、建立了测定胃和小肠黏膜中多胺的含量测定方法,腐胺的回归方程为：y=12.90x-1.058,r2=0.999,线性范围为1.15-28.80(×10-10mol)；精脒的回归方程为：y=39.22x-5.661,r2=0.999,线性范围为3.57-89.23(×10-10mol)；精胺的回归方程为：y=24.62x-3.933,r2=0.999,线性范围为2.21-55.24(x10-10mol)。在线性范围内,各样品的线性关系良好。
2、甘草给药剂量为7.5g/kg和15g/kg时可一直胃溃疡发生；光镜下检查胃黏膜组织的病理学变化显示,甘草有胃黏膜损伤修复作用；免疫组化法检查胃组织中的ODC,正常组表达较少,模型组表达较多,阳性对照组和甘草高剂量组组由于保护胃黏膜作用,抑制了溃疡的发生,ODC表达也较少,甘草低剂量组则介于模型组与高剂量组之间；酶联免疫吸附法结果与免疫组化法结果相符；高剂量组胃粘膜中精脒和精胺含量明显高于模型组；甘草高剂量组小肠黏膜中腐胺含量明显高于模型组,而精脒含量却低于模型组,精胺含量各组之间差异不明显。
3、党参给药剂量为5g/kg和15g/kg时可以抑制胃溃疡的发生；光镜下检查胃黏膜组织的病理学改变显示,党参有胃黏膜损伤修复作用；免疫组化法检测胃组织中的鸟氨酸脱羧酶表达,党参给药组ODC表达都很少；酶联免疫吸附法测定ODC含量,各组之间差异不明显。正常组胃黏膜中精胺的含量均低于其他组别,而阳性对照药EGF组和党参给药组精胺的含量高于模型组；小肠黏膜中腐胺的含量测定结果显示阳性对照药EGF组和党参给药组精胺的含量高于模型组和正常组；党参给药组的精脒和精胺含量与模型组之间的差异也有统计学意义。
结论：
建立的测定胃和小肠黏膜中多胺含量的方法准确、稳定、可靠；甘草、党参有促进黏膜损伤后修复的作用,该作用可能与影响提高多胺含量和影响鸟氨酸脱羧酶表达有关。
Background:
Spleen Deficiency is a common clinical syndromes, and Spleen Deficiency Syndrome performance for mucosal damage such as erosions, ulcers, etc. Spleen Qi medicine in the treatment of these diseases can often get good results, it can significantly improve the subjective symptoms and objective pathological findings of mucosal dysfunction. In mucosal injury after self-repair process, polyamines can promote cell migration in the first stage of this process,as the quick fix. Polyamines plays a very important role in mucosal injury and repair. Polyamine limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, the polyamine synthesis pathway first tightly regulated enzymes that affect polyamine synthesis play an important role in biological growth and tissue damage repair.
Objective:
In this study,we choose stress ulcer as a model of gasteointestinal mucosa damage. To investigate the effects of Radix Glycyrrhiza and Radix Codonopsis on the modle of stress ulcer induced by water-immersion restraint stress(WRS),and study on the changes in polyamines contents of gastrointestinal mucosa.obverse the expression of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric tissue,provide a reference for the study on the Spleen Qi medicine of gastrointestinal mucosal damage repair mechanisms.
Methods:
1Copy immersion-restraint stress ulcer model of rats,select the appropriate positive control.
2To establishing a method of the HPLC determination of polyamines in the gastrointestinal mucosa,examine the linear relationship of polyamine determination.
3Aqueous Extract of Radix Glycyrrhiza and Radix Codonopsis as the investigational drug,dosing half an hour before modeling,the animals were sacrificed after the modeling of rats,the gastric ulcer index was calculated. Observed the changes of the pathologic picture of the gastric antrum with HE deying. The expression of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. The concentration of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric mucosa was measured with ELISA method.The polyamines contents of gastrointestinal mucosa were measured with pie-column derivatization reversed-phase high performance liquid chroiruitography.
4Extract the saponins, flavonoids and polysaccharide from radix glycyrrhiza and radix codonopsis, and determinated the content of each parts.observed the effects of the extractions on IEC-6cell migration with the model to select the effective fraction.
Results:
1Established method for the determination of polyamines in gastrointestinal mucosa.putrescine regression equation as:y=12.90x-1.058,r2=0.999,the linear range of1.15-28.80(×10-10mol); the spermidine regression equation:y=39.22x-5.661,r2=0.999. the linear range of3.57-89.23(X10-10mol); spermine of the regression equation was y=24.62x-3.933,r2=0.999, the linear range of2.21-55.24(×10-10mol). Within the linear range, a good linear relationship of the various samples.
2Radix Glycyrrhiza dose of7.5g/kg and15g/kg could inhibit gastric ulcer. The pathological examination of gastric mucosa indicated that Radix Glycyrrhiza protect gastric mucosa; The expression of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric tissue detected by immunohistochemistry showed that.the normal group expressed less. greater expression in model group. the positive control group and Radix Glycyrrhiza high dose group due to the protection of the gastric mucosa, inhibiting the occurrence of ulcers, ODC expression is also less. Radix Glycyrrhiza low-dose group between the model group and the high dose group;The results of ELISA consistent with the results of the immunohistochemical method: Spermidine and spermine content in the gastric mucosa of the high dose group was significantly higher than the model group; Putrescine content of small intestine mucosa in High dose group was significantly higher than model group, spermidine content was lower than the model group. The difference between of spermine levels in each group was not obvious.
3Radix codonopsis dose of5g/kg and lOg/kg could inhibit gastric ulcer. The pathological examination of gastric mucosa indicated that radix codonopsis protect gastric mucosa; The expression of ornithine decarboxylase in gastric tissue detected by immunohistochemistry showed that, ODC expression of treatment groups with radix codonopsis are small; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ODC content, no significant differences between groups. Spermine content of gastric mucosa in the normal group were lower than other groups, while the positive control drug EGF group and radix codonopsis treatment group spermine content is higher than the model group; Determination of the content of putrescine in the small intestinal mucosa results show that the positive control medicine EGF group and the of radix codonopsis administration of spermine content is higher than the model group and normal group:the difference between the the radix codonopsis dosing group of spermidine and spermine content model group is statistically significant.
Conclusion:
The established method for determinating the polyamines content of gastrointestinal mucosa is accurate and stabilize. Radix Glycyrrhiza and Radix Codonopsis can protect gastrointestinal mucosa from damages, and promote damage repair,and the role is related to the role of the role of ornithine decarboxylase and polyamine.
引文
[1]窦勇鹰,谢立群,李俊美,等.蛋白酶激活受体-2激动剂在大鼠硬激性溃疡中的作用[J].中华消化杂志.2006,26：782-783.
[2]S K, T B, SJ K, et al. Effects of reactive oxygen species action on gastric mucosa in various models of mucosal injury. [J]. J Physiol Pharmacol,2002,53:39-50.
[3]彭国林,李兆中,湛先保,等.水浸束缚应激大鼠胃壁细胞形态和泌酸功能的研究[J].胃肠病学,2005,10：138-142.
[4]YM L, GM L, XP Z, et al. Dynamic functional and ultrastructural changes of gastric parietal cells induced by water immersionrestraint stress in rats. [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2006,12: 3368-3372.
[5]Schubert ML. Gastric secretion [J]. Curr Opin Gastroenterol,2008.24(6):659-664.
[6]Laine L, Takeuchi K, Tarnawski A. Gastric mucosal defense and cytoprotection:bench to bedside [J]. Gastroenterology,2008,135(1):41-60.
[7]刘靖,李兆申,许国铭.血管活性肠肽和胆囊收缩素-8对创伤应激后大鼠胃动力的影响[J].第二军医大学学报,2000,21(1)：13-15.
[8]Wang L, Zhou Y, Peng J, et al. Role of endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in gastric mucosal injury [J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol,2008,86(3):97-104.
[9]薜猛.潘洁,姒健敏.幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜损伤[J].国际消化病杂志,2009.29(5)：303-304,345.
[10]Vorobjova T. Maaroos HI, Uibo R. Immune response to Helicobacter pylori and its association with the dynamics of chronic gastritis in the antrum and corpus [J]. APMIS.2008.116(6): 465-476.
[11]Moran AP. Khamri W, Walker MM, et al. Role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in innate immunity in the gastric mucosa:evidence of interaction with Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide [J]. J Endotoxin Res.2005.11(6):357-362.
[12]Bland DA. Suarez G. Beswick EJ, et al.H. pylori receptor MI IC class Ⅱ contributes to the dynamic gastric epithelial apoptotic response [J]. World J Gastroenterol.2006.12(33): 5306-5310.
[13]Read S, Hogan TV. Zwar TD, et al. Prevention of autoimmune gastritis in mice requires extra-thymic 1-cell deletion and suppression by regulatory T cells [J]. Gastroenterology.2007. 133(2):547-558.
[14]Padol IT, Hunt RH. Effect of Th1 cytokines on acid secretion in pharmacologically characterised mouse gastric glands [J]. Gut,2004,53(8):1075-1081.
[15]Pohl D, Fox M. Fried M, et al. Do we need gastric acid? [J]. Digestion.2008.77(3-4):184-197.
116] Monnig AA, Prittie JE. A review of stress-related mucosal disease[J].J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio).2011.21(5):484-495.
[17]陈龙凤.李建生,张丽.急性胃粘膜损害与社会心理因素关系分析[J].山西医药杂志.2008.37(9)：802.
[18]沈贵芳.赵伟春.张文诗.胃粘膜损伤防御机制的研究进展[J].世界中西医结合杂志.2011.6(3)：257-260.
[19]李兆申.胃粘膜损伤与保护-基础与临床[M].上海：科技出版社.2004.
[20]Yi SX, Yang RD, Yan J, et al. Effect of electro-acupuncture at Foot-Yangming Meridian on somatostatin and expression of somatostatin receptor genes in rabbits with gastric ulcer [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2006,12(11):1761-1765.
[21]Liu M, Chang XR. Yan J, et al. [Effects of moxibustion on gastric mucosal EGF and TGF-alpha contents and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in rats with gastric mucosal lesion] [J]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu,2011,36(6):403-408.
[22]Bulut K, Felderbauer P, Hoeck K, et al. Increased duodenal expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor during experimental colitis in rats [J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2008,20(10):989-994.
[23]Fujiwara Y, Higuchi K, Tominaga K, et al. Functional oesophageal epithelial defense against acid [J]. Inflammopharmacology,2005,13(1-3):1-13.
[24]Sekiguchi F, Takaoka K. Kawabata A. Proteinase-activated receptors in the gastrointestinal system:a functional linkage to prostanoids [J]. Inflammopharmacology,2007,15(6):246-251.
[25]Ancha H, Ojeas H, Tedesco D. et al. Somatostatin-induced gastric protection against ethanol: involvement of nitric oxide and effects on gastric mucosal blood flow [J]. Regul Pept,2003, 110(2):107-113.
[26]施甜,朱方石,徐婷婷.脾虚与胃黏膜损伤相关性的理论探讨[J].医学与哲学(临床决策论坛版),2011,32(12)：59-60.
[27]周俊亮,刘友章,潘奔前,等.健脾中药对脾虚大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用[J].光明中医.2008,23(8)：1076-1078.
[28]单涛,于向阳.周振理.等.四君子汤对家兔肠梗阻解除后肠黏膜屏障的影响[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志.2010.16(3)：319-323.
[29]黎同明,潘雪刁,金桂芳.等.四君子汤对脾虚大鼠肠黏膜SMSmRNA表达的影响[J].中药材,2011,34(5)：762-765.
[30]韩凌,王培训,韩冰.等.四君子汤总多糖对大鼠小肠上皮株IEC-6细胞增殖的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,10(35)：175-177.
[31]封吉化,尚虎虎,任平,等.四君子汤对脾虚证大鼠胃肠电活动的影响[J].武警医学院学报,2010,19(1)：8-9,56.
[32]刘良,周华,王培训,等.四君子汤复方总多糖对小鼠肠道黏膜相关淋巴组织的影响[J].中国免疫学杂志,2000.17(4)：204-206.
[33]张大鹏,周联,张志敏.等.四君子汤复方总多糖对小鼠肠上皮间淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用[J].中药新药与临床药理.2009,20(3)：204-206.
[34]詹剑华,严济,陶卫斌.等.四君子汤药膳对严重烫伤大鼠免疫功能紊乱的调理作用[J].中华烧伤杂志,2007,23(6)：413-415.
[35]钟纯,张纯刚,张子雯.四君子汤对衰老大鼠胃粘膜CD4+T细胞的影响[J].宜春学院学报,2009.31(4)：54-56.
[36]张燕,罗予.加味四君子汤对小鼠肠道免疫功能调整作用的研究[J].时珍国医国药.2010,21(5)：1181-1183.
[37 ]罗予.张燕,杜楠楠.加味四君子汤对阿司匹林致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的修复作用[J].郑州大学学报,2011.46(1)：77-79.
[38]张曼.陈蔚文,叶富强.等.四君子汤A、B成分双向调节大鼠胃运动的M受体作用机制[J].河南中医药学刊.2002.17(4)：9-11.
[39]吴凌,刘晓秋,郭学军.补中益气汤对糖尿病大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响[J].新中医,2011,43(5)：138-140.
[40]龙惠珍,殷洁,夏永良.补中益气汤对脾虚型复发性口腔溃疡小鼠IL-2IFN表达的影响[J].中华中医药学刊,2010,28(3)：523-525.
[41]李岩,吴春明,李雪,等.补中益气汤对小鼠胃肠运动双向调节作用和抗炎作用的研究[J].医药论坛杂志,2011,32(22)：18-19,22.
[42]罗晶,顾红缨,徐国宪.补中益气汤对脾虚小鼠免疫功能的调节[J].中国现代医学杂志,2006,16(17)：2613-2615.
[43]胡兵,安红梅,沈克平.补中益气汤抗感染、抗肿瘤与免疫药理学研究[J].中南药学,2008,6(6)：731-734.
[44]Brzozowski T, Zwirska-Korczala K, Konturek PC, et al. Role of circadian rhythm and endogenous melatonin in pathogenesis of acute gastric bleeding erosions induced by stress [J]. J Physiol Pharmacol,2007,58 Suppl 6:53-64.
[45]Nithiwathanapong C, Reungrongrat S, Ukarapol N. Prevalence and risk factors of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill children [J]. World J Gastroenterol.2005.11(43): 6839-6842.
[46]牛廷献,史智勇,罗晓红.大鼠应激性胃溃疡发生机制及防治的研究[J].中国兽医科技,2003,33(10)：75-76.
[47]赵敬国,李建文,王茂叶,等.运动应激性溃疡及其机制的实验研究[J].山东体育科技,2003,25(4)：22-26.
[48]艾洪滨,张震东.大鼠浸水应激胃粘膜损伤机制的研究[J].生理学报,1990,42(5)：496-501.
[49]王坚,矫勇轶,龚珊,等.水浸束缚应激对大鼠血液生化指标和肝、脾、肾上腺、垂体重量的影响[J].苏州医学院学报,1998,18(4)：334-335.
[50]矫勇轶,龚珊,郭试瑜,等.水浸束缚应激对大鼠脾脏细胞免疫功能的影响[J].苏州医学院学报,1998,18(11)：1133-1135.
[51]赵豫凤,刘广忠,杨加周,等.水浸束缚应激对大鼠下颌下腺内瘦素表达的影响[J].第四军医大学报,2006,27(24)：2253-2255.
[52]李红芳,张经济,马英华.实验性应激性胃溃疡过程中大鼠胃肠电活动的变化[J].中国应用生理学杂志,1997,13：184.
[53]武桂娟,苏晓悦,夏学丽,等.白芨多糖对大鼠应激性胃溃疡影响的实验观察[J].中医药信息,2011,28(3)：43-45.
[54]刘红艳,张莉华,方步武,等.柴郁汤对小鼠应激性胃溃疡的预防作用[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2010,16(2)：206-208.
[55]郭成吉,李芹,阚京梅.等.芦荟及运动队大鼠胃组织EGF及自由基代谢的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(32)：15853-15853,15867.
[56]刘晓伟,张红梅,曲宏达,左金丸对应激性胃溃疡胃粘膜攻击因素的干预[J].中医药学报,2004,32(5)：18-19.
[57]Konturek PC. Brzozowski T, Konturek S.I. et al. Polyamines and epidermal growth factor in the recovery of gastric mucosa from stress-induced gastric lesions[J].J Clin Ciastroenterol. 1998. 27 Suppl 1:S97-104.
[58]李惠琼,黄颖然,雷尼替丁抗应激性胃溃疡的实验研究[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,35
[59]Janne J, Alhonen L. Pietila M, et al. Genetic approaches to the cellular functions of polyamines in mammals [J]. Eur J Biochem,2004.271(5):877-894.
[60]Niiranen K, Pietila M, Pirttila TJ, et al. Targeted disruption of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase gene in mouse embryonic stem cells. Effects on polyamine homeostasis and sensitivity to polyamine analogues [J]. J Biol Chem,2002.277(28):25323-25328.
[61]黄益玲.多胺代谢与抗肿瘤治疗新靶点研究进展[J].陕西医学杂志.2008.37(9)：3.
[62]Paz EA, Garcia-Huidobro J. lgnatenkos NA. Polyamines in cancer [J]. Adv Clin Chem,2011, 54:45-70.
[63]Sturm A, Dignass AU. Epithelial restitution and wound healing in inflammatory bowel disease [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2008,14(3):348-353.
[64]Rao JN. Platoshyn O, Li L. et al. Activation of K(+) channels and increased migration of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells after wounding [J]. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol,2002, 282(4):C885-898.
[65]Wang JY. Cellular signaling in rapid intestinal epithelial restitution:implication of polyamines and K+ channels [J]. Sheng Li Xue Bao.2003,55(4):365-372.
[66]Rao JN. Liu SV. Zou T. et al. Racl promotes intestinal epithelial restitution by increasing Ca2+ influx through interaction with phospholipase C-(gamma)1 after wounding [J]. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol,2008.295(6):C1499-1509.
[67]Rao JN, Liu L. Zou T. et al. Polyamines are required for phospholipase C-gammal expression promoting intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding [J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2007.292(1):G335-343.
[68]Xiao L, Cui YH. Rao JN. et al. Regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 translation through CUG-binding protein 1 and microRNA-222 by polyamines [J]. Mol Biol Cell,2011.22(17): 3055-3069.
[69]Blachier F. Davila AM, Benamouzig R, et al. Channelling of arginine in NO and polyamine pathways in colonocytes and consequences [J]. Front Biosci,2011,16:1331-1343.
[70]钟学军,徐刚,吴桂云.等.幽门螺杆菌相关性胃溃疡治疗前后多胺含量的变化[J].临床消化病杂志,2006.18(5)：304-305.
[71]Chaturvedi R. Asim M, Hoge S. et al. Polyamines Impair Immunity to Helicobacter pylori by Inhibiting L-Arginine Uptake Required for Nitric Oxide Production [J]. Gastroenterology,2010, 139(5):1686-1698.1698 e1-6.
[72]Motawi TK, Abd Elgawad HM, Shahin NN. Modulation of indomethacin-induced gastric injury by spermine and taurine in rats [J]. J Biochem Mol Toxicol,2007.21(5):280-288.
[73]Takano K. Ogura M, Yoneda Y. et al. Oxidative metabolites are involved in polyamine-induced microglial cell death [J]. Neuroscience.2005.134(4):1123-1131.
[74]SeilerN, Raul F. Polyamines and apoptosis[J]. J Cell Mol Med,2005.9(3):623-642.
[75]Wallace HM. Fraser A V, Hughes A. A perspective of polyamine metabolism [J]. Biochem J. 2003.376(Pt 1):1-14.
[76]Stanfield PR, Sutcliffe M.I. Spermine is fit to block inward rectifier (Kir) channels [J]. J Gen Physiol.2003.122(5):481-484.
[77]Shin J. Shen F. Huguenard J. PKC and polyamine modulation of GluR2-deficient AMPA receptors in immature neocortical pyramidal neurons of the rat [J].J Physiol.2007.581 (Pt 2): 679-691.
[78]Soulet D, Rivcst S. Polyamines play a critical role in the control of the immate immune response in the mouse central nervous system[J].J Cell Biol.2003.162(2):257-268.
[79]Welsh P. Sass-Kuhn S, Prakashagowda C. et al. Spermine synthase overexpression in vivo does not increase susceptibility to DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis or Min-Apc intestinal tumorigenesis [J]. Cancer Biol Ther,2012,13(8).
[80]李志刚,毕微微.杨贤瑞.肿瘤患者尿液多胺检测结果分析[J].标记免疫分析与临床,2006,13(4)：255-256.
[81]Els T. Bruckmann J, Rohn G, et al. Spermidine:A predictor for neurological outcome and infarct size in focal cerebral ischemia? [J]. Stroke,2001,32(1):43-46.
[82]Emestus RI, Rohn G, Schroder R. et al. Polyamine metabolism in brain tumours:diagnostic relevance of quantitative biochemistry [J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2001,71(1):88-92.
[83]Rohn G, Els T, Hell K, et al. Regional distribution of ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine levels in experimental cat brain tumors [J]. Neurochem Int,2001,39(2):135-140.
[84]赵涌琪.多胺与缺血性脑血管疾病研究进展[J].重庆医学,2009,38(2)：213-216.
[85]Schluter KD. Frischkopf K, Flesch M, et al. Central role for ornithine decarboxylase in beta-adrenoceptor mediated hypertrophy [J]. Cardiovasc Res,2000,45(2):410-417.
[86]林岩.多胺在异丙肾上腺素所致大鼠心肌肥厚的作用和意义[J].中国病理生理杂志.2009,25(3)：417-421.
[87]沈佐君.多胺的测定方法及其临床应用[J].国外医学临床生物化学及检验学分册.1994,14(5)：226-230.
[88]赵雅君.徐张庆,李全风.等.应用反向高效液相色谱分析立体心脏灌流大鼠心肌细胞组织中的多胺[J].中国病理生理杂志,2005,21(2)：412-413.
[89]赵雅君.张伟华,王艳丽.等.鸟氨酸脱羧酶多胺系统在大鼠缺血预适应心肌保护中的作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,2009,25(12)：2295-2301.
[90]傅善基,卢振铎,邹雄,等.丹酰氯柱前衍生人尿液多胺高效液相色谱(HPLC)快速测定[J].山东生物医学工程,2002,21(2)：42-44.
[91]唐海琴,庄凌航,徐修容.等.高效液相色谱-电化学检测法测定尿液中多胺[J].色谱,1994.12(6)：433-435.
[92]随晶晶,卢文彪,李茹柳,等.高效液相色谱法检测小肠上皮细胞多胺含量[J].中国药理学通报.2011.27(9)：1309-1312.
[93]张志春,李慧.昆虫体内多胺的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定[J].昆虫知识,2007.44(1)：130-134.
[94]荆照政.荆施展,陈松,等.尿中多胺的毛细管电泳激光诱导荧光测定法[J ].湖南医科大学学报2003,28(5)：495-498.
[95]石南宁,贡小清,童正本.高校液相色谱法测定血清中的多胺[J].南京铁道医学院学报.1997,16(1)：65-66.
[96]王佩,刘晓昱.柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定人唾液中腐胺和精胺的含量[J].中国生化药物杂志,2008,29(4)：268-270.
[97]Liu YC. Hsu DH, Huang CL, et al. Determinants of the differential antizyme-binding affinity of omithine decarboxylase [J|. PLoS One.2011.6(11):e26835.
[98]Schipper RG, Verhofstad AA. Distribution patterns of ornithine decarboxylase in cells and tissues:facts, problems, and postulates [J].J Histochem Cytochem.2002.50(9):1143-1160.
[99]迟莉.李茹柳.陈蔚文.鸟氨酸脱羧酶的生理病理特点及其药物研究概况[J].世界华人消化杂志.2006.14(10)：979-984.
[100]张璐,彭朝晖,徐铃.鸟氨酸脱羧酶及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用[J].国外临床生物化学与检验学分册,1997,18(3)：97-99.
[101]Xu X, Liu Z, Fang M, et al. Helicobacter pylori CagA induces ornithine decarboxylase upregulation via Src/MEK/ERK/c-Myc pathway:implication for progression of gastric diseases [J]. Exp Biol Med (Maywood),2012.
[102]李建生,牛正先,周天星,等.消化道肿瘤患者鸟氨酸脱羧酶和腐胺测定的临床意义[J].医师进修杂志,2000,23(11)：20-22.
[103]苗新普,韦红.鸟氨酸脱羧酶对早期胃癌的诊断意义[J].实用预防医学,2010,17(4)：629-631.
[104]Miao X-P, Li j-S, Li H-Y, et al. Expression of ornithine decarboxy-lase in precancerous and cancerous gastric lesions [J]. World Journal of Gastroenterology,2007,13(20):2867-2871.
[105]苗新普,李建生,师晓天.鸟氨酸脱羧酶与食管鳞癌血管生成相关性的研究[J].胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,2004,13(3)：249-252.
[106]李国华,钱伟,王静,等.胃腺癌及癌旁正常组织中c-myc与鸟氨酸脱羧酶mRNA的表达及关系[J].江西医学院学报.2006.46(3)：114-116,119.
[107]阎云飞,刘斌,徐春晓.等.胃癌鸟氨酸脱羧酶基因表达及临床意义[J].山东大学学报,2009.47(3)：1-3.
[108]孙爱华,刘贤锡,何庆泗,等.大肠癌鸟氨酸脱羧酶基因表达及临床意义研究[J].中国现代普通外科进展,2003,7(3)：150-152.
[109]李茹柳,迟莉.郭文峰,等.鸟氨酸脱羧酶表达水平与溃疡性结肠炎病变时相的关系[J].广州中医药大学学报,2007,24(3)：222-225,230.
[110]周茂德,栗世方,胡海燕,等.脑胶质中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的基因表达及其临床意义[J].山东大学学报(医学版),2004,42(2)：177-180.
[111]王春,吴文娟,陈十文,等.神经胶质瘤组织中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的表达及其多胺含量检测的意文[J].蚌埠医学院学报,2006,31(6)：569-571.
[112]蒋进皎,曹铭锋,王功朝,等.鸟氨酸脱羧酶基因表达与肺癌相关性的体外研究[J].实用医药杂志,2009,26(6)：46-49.
[113]黄敏,王倩,范虹,等MNNG和大戟对血吸虫细胞鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性作用的研究[J].湖北预防医学杂志,2002,13(5)：5-6.
[114]范虹.王倩,黄敏.等.大戟对血吸虫细胞鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的作用[J].中国地方病学杂志,2002.21(3)：174-175.
[115]柴彪新,王金惠,朱听,等.高校液相色谱法测定血清中鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性[J].分析测试学报,1995,14(6)：66-68.
[116]赵爽,李季.高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)活性[J].药物分析杂志.2009,29(11)：1863-1866.
[117]潘晓玉,王波,翁占平,等.甲流腺苷磷酸化酶基因和鸟氨酸脱羧酶在卵巢癌中的表达及意义[J].中国病理生理杂志.2007.23(9)：1728-1731.
[118]Love RR. Astrow SH. Cheeks AM. et al. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) as a prognostic factor in operable breast cancer [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat.2003.79(3):329-334.
[119) Bachrach U. Wang Y. In vitro chemosensitivity testing of hematological cancer patients: detection of ornithine decarboxylase [J]. Recent Results Cancer Res.2003.161:62-70.
[120]Kagoura M, Toyoda M, Matsui C, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of ornithine decarboxylase in skin tumors [J]. J Cutan Pathol,2000,27(7):338-343.
[121]林岩,徐长庆,F丽娜,等.多胺在L-精氨酸抑制异丙肾上腺素诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚中的作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,2009,25(11)：2099-2104.
[122]陶晡,刘晓清,屈振刚.甘草化学成分研究进展[J].河北农业科学,2009,3(13)：77-79.
[123]张耀光.王谢,梁瑞玲.甘草多糖提取纯化工艺研究[J].科技论坛,53.
[124]韩荣生,李鹏.甘草多糖提取工艺条件的研究[J].世界中西医结合杂志,2011.6(3)：234-237.
[125]刘哗玮,宋海,马振远,等.甘草多糖提取工艺研究[J].中成药,2006,28(5)：729-731.
[126]王海峰,邱芳萍.甘草中甘草酸的提取工艺研究[J].长春工业大学学报.2010.31(1)：66-69.
[127]李善家,王玉丽,杨明俊,等.甘草中提取甘草酸的新工艺研究[J].甘肃科学学报,2010,22(2)：53-57.
[128]但建明,李文娟,洪成林,等.甘草渣中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺研究[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2004,22(5)：427-428.
[129]曾超珍.刘志祥.吴耀辉.等.超声波提取甘草黄酮及其抑菌活性研究[J].时珍国医国药,2007,18(10)：2402-2403.
[130]石忠峰,李茹柳,陈蔚文.甘草总黄酮提取纯化工艺研究[J].中药新药与临床药理.2008,]9(1)：67-69.
[131]付玉杰,施晓光,刘晓娜,等.超临界CO2提取甘草地上部分总黄酮[J].植物研究.2007.27(3)：372-375.
[132]黄明进,王文全,沈寿茂.甘草总黄酮和总皂苷成分的提取工艺及其含量分析[J].中国现代中药,2010,12(4)：24-27.
[133]陈红艳.严莉,王建华,等.甘草提取物对小鼠四氯化碳急性肝损伤的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2009,16(7)：24-25.
[134]田莉,曾斌芳,燕雪花.甘草在消化系统和免疫系统的药理作用及临床应该[J].新疆中医药,2009.27(4)：91-93.
[135]李晓冰,何小鹃,刘彪,等.甘草多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].中西医结合报,2010.8(4)：363-367.
[136]李发胜,赵钰,池晓峰,等.甘草多糖对小鼠的免疫调节作用的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2009,16(6)：35-36.
[137]史珅,张洋生,王玉本,等.甘草多糖的体外免疫调节作用[J].食品科技.2008,5：267-269.
[138]XUEMEI LEQ. Advance in Codonopsis pilosula [J]. Journal of Shanxi Medical University. 2002.33(6):567-569.
[139]南换杰.秦雪梅,武滨.等.潞党参多糖的超声提取和含量测定[J].山西医科大学学报.2008.39(7)：641-643.
[140]何先元.陈媛媛,许晋芳.等.素花党参多糖的超声提取和含量测定[J].农技服务.2009.26(11)：135-136.
[141]李艳,孙萍.顾承志.等.新疆党参多糖的微波提取及含量测定[J].江西中医学院学报,2002.14(1)：40-41.
[142]余兰,陈华,娄方明.微波辅助萃取洛龙党参多糖的工艺优化[J].食品研究与开发,2011,32(9)：26-29.
[143]胡文静,刘宝瑞,钱晓萍,等.止交方法优选党参多糖的提取工艺[J].南京中医药大学学报,2007,23(1)：51-53.
[144]李艳,兰卫,孙萍等.新疆党参总黄酮和多糖的含量测定[J].中草药,2004,35(2)：214-215.
[145]郑娟,王丽蕃,胡华刚,等.藏党参总黄酮含量的测定[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(1)：42-43.
[146]蒋小飞,张宝顺.党参总皂苷的提取、分离和纯化[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(4)：2061-2063.
[147]YANG GUANG LF, LIU HUI et al. Effects of Polysaccharides from Radix Codonopsis on Immune Function in Mice [J]. Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica,2005. 21(4):39.
[148]张晓君,祝晨蔯,胡黎,等.党参多糖对小鼠免疫和造血功能的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理,2003,14(3)：174-176.
[149]隋峰.王汝俊,王建华.补中益气汤、党参、白术含药血清对离体脾虚大鼠壁细胞内[Ca2+]的影响[J].中药药理与临床,2005,21(3)：3-5.
[150]王敏,王彦春,洪小平,等.党参及其复方对亚急性衰老模型小鼠IL-2影响的研究[J].湖北中医杂志,2004,26(7)：6-7.
[151]CAO LI LC, BIAN QINGYA et al. Promotive effect of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on 1L-2 inductive activity and lymphocyte proliferative reaction inchickens [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,2004,1:3-4.
[152]LI YAN SP, LIU XIA et al. Extraction, Determination and effect on Immune Function of Polysacchrides from Codonopsis clematidea (schrenk) Clarke [J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine,2005,27(7):839-840.
[153]褚海滨.王玉芳.党参多糖对小鼠抗运动性疲劳作用的研究[J].中国现代医生,2011,49(30)：1-2.
[154]妓松柳,徐先祥,夏伦祝.党参总皂苷对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂和NO含量的影响[J].安徽中医学院学报,2002,21(4)：40-42.
[155]段琦梅,梁宗锁,聂小妮,等.黄芪=和党参提取物的抗氧化活性研究[J].西北植物学报,20]0.30(10)：2123-2127.
[156]成金乐,邓雯,黄萍,等.党参破壁粉粒的抗溃疡作用与急性毒性实验研究[J].西北药学杂志.2011.26(2)：120-122.
[157]宋丹,王峥涛,李隆云,等.党参炔苷对胃溃疡模型大鼠胃粘膜损伤保护作用的研究[J].中国医急症.2008,17(7)：963,964.
[158]李伟.郑天珍,蔺美玲.等.参芪合剂对小鼠胃排空和肠推进的作用[J].中国中医基础医学杂志.2006,12(7)：517-518.
[159]王广.马淑霞,新俊.等.党参多糖对双歧杆菌和大肠埃希菌体外生长的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2010,22(3)：199-201.
[160]金凤华.胡芳弟,陈相等,等.党参不同提取部分活性比较[J].中药材,2009.32(1)：112-1]4.
[161]孙耀贵.程佳.温伟业.党参总皂苷抗氧化作用[J].中兽医医药杂志.2010.3：37-39.
[162]徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修.药理实验方法学[M]//刘家骏,叶寿山.消化系统药物实验法.北京;人民卫生出版社.2002.
[163]Yanaka A, Suzuki H, Shibahara T, et al. EGF promotes gastric mucosal restitution by activating Na(+)/H(+) exchange of epithelial cells [J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2002, 282(5):G866-76.
[164]Milani S CA. Role of growth factors and their receptors in gastric ulcer healing [J]. Microsc Res Tech,2001,53(5):360-371.
[165]Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Duda A, et al. Epidermal growth factor and prostaglandin E(2) accelerate mucosal recovery from stress-induced gastric lesions via inhibition of apoptosis[J]. J Physiol Paris,2001,95(1-6):361-367.
[166]丁润会.甘草酸二铵对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的疗效及炎症因子内影响[J].中国医药导刊,2012,14(1)：100-103.
[167]霍丽娟,郭海荣.甘草酸二铵对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的治疗作用[J].世界华人消化杂志2009,17(4)：399-404.
[168]赵俊凌,马洁,李戈,等.齿瓣石斛多糖提取及脱蛋白工艺研究[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(11)：2841-2843.
[169]刘文生,薛霖莉,卫萍.潞党参多糖的提取及含量测定[J].安徽中医学院学报,2005,24(1)：42-43.
[170]王亚红,李战英.甘草酸的提取和精制法研究现状[J].天津化工,2003,17(6)：34-36.
[171]张继,姚健,丁兰,等.甘草的利用研究进展[J].草原与草坪,2000,89(2)：12-17.
[172]曲晓兰,吴从平,曹明亮.马齿苋多糖脱蛋白工艺的研究[J].泰山医学院学学报,2006,27(8)：717-718.
[173]胡灿.李茹柳,F静,等.黄芪和白术提取物对IEC-6细胞迁移的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理.2011,22(1)：60-65.
[174]许海玉,赵平,张铁军.等.胃黏膜损伤相关疾病中药的研究现状及其开发思路[J].药物评价研究,2010,33(4)：302-306.
[2]S K, T B, SJ K, et al. Effects of reactive oxygen species action on gastric mucosa in various models of mucosal injury. [J]. J Physiol Pharmacol,2002,53:39-50.
[3]彭国林,李兆中,湛先保,等.水浸束缚应激大鼠胃壁细胞形态和泌酸功能的研究[J].胃肠病学,2005,10：138-142.
[4]YM L, GM L, XP Z, et al. Dynamic functional and ultrastructural changes of gastric parietal cells induced by water immersionrestraint stress in rats. [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2006,12: 3368-3372.
[5]Schubert ML. Gastric secretion [J]. Curr Opin Gastroenterol,2008.24(6):659-664.
[6]Laine L, Takeuchi K, Tarnawski A. Gastric mucosal defense and cytoprotection:bench to bedside [J]. Gastroenterology,2008,135(1):41-60.
[7]刘靖,李兆申,许国铭.血管活性肠肽和胆囊收缩素-8对创伤应激后大鼠胃动力的影响[J].第二军医大学学报,2000,21(1)：13-15.
[8]Wang L, Zhou Y, Peng J, et al. Role of endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in gastric mucosal injury [J]. Can J Physiol Pharmacol,2008,86(3):97-104.
[9]薜猛.潘洁,姒健敏.幽门螺杆菌感染与胃黏膜损伤[J].国际消化病杂志,2009.29(5)：303-304,345.
[10]Vorobjova T. Maaroos HI, Uibo R. Immune response to Helicobacter pylori and its association with the dynamics of chronic gastritis in the antrum and corpus [J]. APMIS.2008.116(6): 465-476.
[11]Moran AP. Khamri W, Walker MM, et al. Role of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in innate immunity in the gastric mucosa:evidence of interaction with Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide [J]. J Endotoxin Res.2005.11(6):357-362.
[12]Bland DA. Suarez G. Beswick EJ, et al.H. pylori receptor MI IC class Ⅱ contributes to the dynamic gastric epithelial apoptotic response [J]. World J Gastroenterol.2006.12(33): 5306-5310.
[13]Read S, Hogan TV. Zwar TD, et al. Prevention of autoimmune gastritis in mice requires extra-thymic 1-cell deletion and suppression by regulatory T cells [J]. Gastroenterology.2007. 133(2):547-558.
[14]Padol IT, Hunt RH. Effect of Th1 cytokines on acid secretion in pharmacologically characterised mouse gastric glands [J]. Gut,2004,53(8):1075-1081.
[15]Pohl D, Fox M. Fried M, et al. Do we need gastric acid? [J]. Digestion.2008.77(3-4):184-197.
116] Monnig AA, Prittie JE. A review of stress-related mucosal disease[J].J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio).2011.21(5):484-495.
[17]陈龙凤.李建生,张丽.急性胃粘膜损害与社会心理因素关系分析[J].山西医药杂志.2008.37(9)：802.
[18]沈贵芳.赵伟春.张文诗.胃粘膜损伤防御机制的研究进展[J].世界中西医结合杂志.2011.6(3)：257-260.
[19]李兆申.胃粘膜损伤与保护-基础与临床[M].上海：科技出版社.2004.
[20]Yi SX, Yang RD, Yan J, et al. Effect of electro-acupuncture at Foot-Yangming Meridian on somatostatin and expression of somatostatin receptor genes in rabbits with gastric ulcer [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2006,12(11):1761-1765.
[21]Liu M, Chang XR. Yan J, et al. [Effects of moxibustion on gastric mucosal EGF and TGF-alpha contents and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in rats with gastric mucosal lesion] [J]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu,2011,36(6):403-408.
[22]Bulut K, Felderbauer P, Hoeck K, et al. Increased duodenal expression of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor during experimental colitis in rats [J]. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol,2008,20(10):989-994.
[23]Fujiwara Y, Higuchi K, Tominaga K, et al. Functional oesophageal epithelial defense against acid [J]. Inflammopharmacology,2005,13(1-3):1-13.
[24]Sekiguchi F, Takaoka K. Kawabata A. Proteinase-activated receptors in the gastrointestinal system:a functional linkage to prostanoids [J]. Inflammopharmacology,2007,15(6):246-251.
[25]Ancha H, Ojeas H, Tedesco D. et al. Somatostatin-induced gastric protection against ethanol: involvement of nitric oxide and effects on gastric mucosal blood flow [J]. Regul Pept,2003, 110(2):107-113.
[26]施甜,朱方石,徐婷婷.脾虚与胃黏膜损伤相关性的理论探讨[J].医学与哲学(临床决策论坛版),2011,32(12)：59-60.
[27]周俊亮,刘友章,潘奔前,等.健脾中药对脾虚大鼠胃黏膜损伤的保护作用[J].光明中医.2008,23(8)：1076-1078.
[28]单涛,于向阳.周振理.等.四君子汤对家兔肠梗阻解除后肠黏膜屏障的影响[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志.2010.16(3)：319-323.
[29]黎同明,潘雪刁,金桂芳.等.四君子汤对脾虚大鼠肠黏膜SMSmRNA表达的影响[J].中药材,2011,34(5)：762-765.
[30]韩凌,王培训,韩冰.等.四君子汤总多糖对大鼠小肠上皮株IEC-6细胞增殖的影响[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,10(35)：175-177.
[31]封吉化,尚虎虎,任平,等.四君子汤对脾虚证大鼠胃肠电活动的影响[J].武警医学院学报,2010,19(1)：8-9,56.
[32]刘良,周华,王培训,等.四君子汤复方总多糖对小鼠肠道黏膜相关淋巴组织的影响[J].中国免疫学杂志,2000.17(4)：204-206.
[33]张大鹏,周联,张志敏.等.四君子汤复方总多糖对小鼠肠上皮间淋巴细胞的免疫调节作用[J].中药新药与临床药理.2009,20(3)：204-206.
[34]詹剑华,严济,陶卫斌.等.四君子汤药膳对严重烫伤大鼠免疫功能紊乱的调理作用[J].中华烧伤杂志,2007,23(6)：413-415.
[35]钟纯,张纯刚,张子雯.四君子汤对衰老大鼠胃粘膜CD4+T细胞的影响[J].宜春学院学报,2009.31(4)：54-56.
[36]张燕,罗予.加味四君子汤对小鼠肠道免疫功能调整作用的研究[J].时珍国医国药.2010,21(5)：1181-1183.
[37 ]罗予.张燕,杜楠楠.加味四君子汤对阿司匹林致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的修复作用[J].郑州大学学报,2011.46(1)：77-79.
[38]张曼.陈蔚文,叶富强.等.四君子汤A、B成分双向调节大鼠胃运动的M受体作用机制[J].河南中医药学刊.2002.17(4)：9-11.
[39]吴凌,刘晓秋,郭学军.补中益气汤对糖尿病大鼠胃黏膜损伤的影响[J].新中医,2011,43(5)：138-140.
[40]龙惠珍,殷洁,夏永良.补中益气汤对脾虚型复发性口腔溃疡小鼠IL-2IFN表达的影响[J].中华中医药学刊,2010,28(3)：523-525.
[41]李岩,吴春明,李雪,等.补中益气汤对小鼠胃肠运动双向调节作用和抗炎作用的研究[J].医药论坛杂志,2011,32(22)：18-19,22.
[42]罗晶,顾红缨,徐国宪.补中益气汤对脾虚小鼠免疫功能的调节[J].中国现代医学杂志,2006,16(17)：2613-2615.
[43]胡兵,安红梅,沈克平.补中益气汤抗感染、抗肿瘤与免疫药理学研究[J].中南药学,2008,6(6)：731-734.
[44]Brzozowski T, Zwirska-Korczala K, Konturek PC, et al. Role of circadian rhythm and endogenous melatonin in pathogenesis of acute gastric bleeding erosions induced by stress [J]. J Physiol Pharmacol,2007,58 Suppl 6:53-64.
[45]Nithiwathanapong C, Reungrongrat S, Ukarapol N. Prevalence and risk factors of stress-induced gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill children [J]. World J Gastroenterol.2005.11(43): 6839-6842.
[46]牛廷献,史智勇,罗晓红.大鼠应激性胃溃疡发生机制及防治的研究[J].中国兽医科技,2003,33(10)：75-76.
[47]赵敬国,李建文,王茂叶,等.运动应激性溃疡及其机制的实验研究[J].山东体育科技,2003,25(4)：22-26.
[48]艾洪滨,张震东.大鼠浸水应激胃粘膜损伤机制的研究[J].生理学报,1990,42(5)：496-501.
[49]王坚,矫勇轶,龚珊,等.水浸束缚应激对大鼠血液生化指标和肝、脾、肾上腺、垂体重量的影响[J].苏州医学院学报,1998,18(4)：334-335.
[50]矫勇轶,龚珊,郭试瑜,等.水浸束缚应激对大鼠脾脏细胞免疫功能的影响[J].苏州医学院学报,1998,18(11)：1133-1135.
[51]赵豫凤,刘广忠,杨加周,等.水浸束缚应激对大鼠下颌下腺内瘦素表达的影响[J].第四军医大学报,2006,27(24)：2253-2255.
[52]李红芳,张经济,马英华.实验性应激性胃溃疡过程中大鼠胃肠电活动的变化[J].中国应用生理学杂志,1997,13：184.
[53]武桂娟,苏晓悦,夏学丽,等.白芨多糖对大鼠应激性胃溃疡影响的实验观察[J].中医药信息,2011,28(3)：43-45.
[54]刘红艳,张莉华,方步武,等.柴郁汤对小鼠应激性胃溃疡的预防作用[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2010,16(2)：206-208.
[55]郭成吉,李芹,阚京梅.等.芦荟及运动队大鼠胃组织EGF及自由基代谢的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(32)：15853-15853,15867.
[56]刘晓伟,张红梅,曲宏达,左金丸对应激性胃溃疡胃粘膜攻击因素的干预[J].中医药学报,2004,32(5)：18-19.
[57]Konturek PC. Brzozowski T, Konturek S.I. et al. Polyamines and epidermal growth factor in the recovery of gastric mucosa from stress-induced gastric lesions[J].J Clin Ciastroenterol. 1998. 27 Suppl 1:S97-104.
[58]李惠琼,黄颖然,雷尼替丁抗应激性胃溃疡的实验研究[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,35
[59]Janne J, Alhonen L. Pietila M, et al. Genetic approaches to the cellular functions of polyamines in mammals [J]. Eur J Biochem,2004.271(5):877-894.
[60]Niiranen K, Pietila M, Pirttila TJ, et al. Targeted disruption of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase gene in mouse embryonic stem cells. Effects on polyamine homeostasis and sensitivity to polyamine analogues [J]. J Biol Chem,2002.277(28):25323-25328.
[61]黄益玲.多胺代谢与抗肿瘤治疗新靶点研究进展[J].陕西医学杂志.2008.37(9)：3.
[62]Paz EA, Garcia-Huidobro J. lgnatenkos NA. Polyamines in cancer [J]. Adv Clin Chem,2011, 54:45-70.
[63]Sturm A, Dignass AU. Epithelial restitution and wound healing in inflammatory bowel disease [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2008,14(3):348-353.
[64]Rao JN. Platoshyn O, Li L. et al. Activation of K(+) channels and increased migration of differentiated intestinal epithelial cells after wounding [J]. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol,2002, 282(4):C885-898.
[65]Wang JY. Cellular signaling in rapid intestinal epithelial restitution:implication of polyamines and K+ channels [J]. Sheng Li Xue Bao.2003,55(4):365-372.
[66]Rao JN. Liu SV. Zou T. et al. Racl promotes intestinal epithelial restitution by increasing Ca2+ influx through interaction with phospholipase C-(gamma)1 after wounding [J]. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol,2008.295(6):C1499-1509.
[67]Rao JN, Liu L. Zou T. et al. Polyamines are required for phospholipase C-gammal expression promoting intestinal epithelial restitution after wounding [J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2007.292(1):G335-343.
[68]Xiao L, Cui YH. Rao JN. et al. Regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 translation through CUG-binding protein 1 and microRNA-222 by polyamines [J]. Mol Biol Cell,2011.22(17): 3055-3069.
[69]Blachier F. Davila AM, Benamouzig R, et al. Channelling of arginine in NO and polyamine pathways in colonocytes and consequences [J]. Front Biosci,2011,16:1331-1343.
[70]钟学军,徐刚,吴桂云.等.幽门螺杆菌相关性胃溃疡治疗前后多胺含量的变化[J].临床消化病杂志,2006.18(5)：304-305.
[71]Chaturvedi R. Asim M, Hoge S. et al. Polyamines Impair Immunity to Helicobacter pylori by Inhibiting L-Arginine Uptake Required for Nitric Oxide Production [J]. Gastroenterology,2010, 139(5):1686-1698.1698 e1-6.
[72]Motawi TK, Abd Elgawad HM, Shahin NN. Modulation of indomethacin-induced gastric injury by spermine and taurine in rats [J]. J Biochem Mol Toxicol,2007.21(5):280-288.
[73]Takano K. Ogura M, Yoneda Y. et al. Oxidative metabolites are involved in polyamine-induced microglial cell death [J]. Neuroscience.2005.134(4):1123-1131.
[74]SeilerN, Raul F. Polyamines and apoptosis[J]. J Cell Mol Med,2005.9(3):623-642.
[75]Wallace HM. Fraser A V, Hughes A. A perspective of polyamine metabolism [J]. Biochem J. 2003.376(Pt 1):1-14.
[76]Stanfield PR, Sutcliffe M.I. Spermine is fit to block inward rectifier (Kir) channels [J]. J Gen Physiol.2003.122(5):481-484.
[77]Shin J. Shen F. Huguenard J. PKC and polyamine modulation of GluR2-deficient AMPA receptors in immature neocortical pyramidal neurons of the rat [J].J Physiol.2007.581 (Pt 2): 679-691.
[78]Soulet D, Rivcst S. Polyamines play a critical role in the control of the immate immune response in the mouse central nervous system[J].J Cell Biol.2003.162(2):257-268.
[79]Welsh P. Sass-Kuhn S, Prakashagowda C. et al. Spermine synthase overexpression in vivo does not increase susceptibility to DMBA/TPA skin carcinogenesis or Min-Apc intestinal tumorigenesis [J]. Cancer Biol Ther,2012,13(8).
[80]李志刚,毕微微.杨贤瑞.肿瘤患者尿液多胺检测结果分析[J].标记免疫分析与临床,2006,13(4)：255-256.
[81]Els T. Bruckmann J, Rohn G, et al. Spermidine:A predictor for neurological outcome and infarct size in focal cerebral ischemia? [J]. Stroke,2001,32(1):43-46.
[82]Emestus RI, Rohn G, Schroder R. et al. Polyamine metabolism in brain tumours:diagnostic relevance of quantitative biochemistry [J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2001,71(1):88-92.
[83]Rohn G, Els T, Hell K, et al. Regional distribution of ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine levels in experimental cat brain tumors [J]. Neurochem Int,2001,39(2):135-140.
[84]赵涌琪.多胺与缺血性脑血管疾病研究进展[J].重庆医学,2009,38(2)：213-216.
[85]Schluter KD. Frischkopf K, Flesch M, et al. Central role for ornithine decarboxylase in beta-adrenoceptor mediated hypertrophy [J]. Cardiovasc Res,2000,45(2):410-417.
[86]林岩.多胺在异丙肾上腺素所致大鼠心肌肥厚的作用和意义[J].中国病理生理杂志.2009,25(3)：417-421.
[87]沈佐君.多胺的测定方法及其临床应用[J].国外医学临床生物化学及检验学分册.1994,14(5)：226-230.
[88]赵雅君.徐张庆,李全风.等.应用反向高效液相色谱分析立体心脏灌流大鼠心肌细胞组织中的多胺[J].中国病理生理杂志,2005,21(2)：412-413.
[89]赵雅君.张伟华,王艳丽.等.鸟氨酸脱羧酶多胺系统在大鼠缺血预适应心肌保护中的作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,2009,25(12)：2295-2301.
[90]傅善基,卢振铎,邹雄,等.丹酰氯柱前衍生人尿液多胺高效液相色谱(HPLC)快速测定[J].山东生物医学工程,2002,21(2)：42-44.
[91]唐海琴,庄凌航,徐修容.等.高效液相色谱-电化学检测法测定尿液中多胺[J].色谱,1994.12(6)：433-435.
[92]随晶晶,卢文彪,李茹柳,等.高效液相色谱法检测小肠上皮细胞多胺含量[J].中国药理学通报.2011.27(9)：1309-1312.
[93]张志春,李慧.昆虫体内多胺的高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定[J].昆虫知识,2007.44(1)：130-134.
[94]荆照政.荆施展,陈松,等.尿中多胺的毛细管电泳激光诱导荧光测定法[J ].湖南医科大学学报2003,28(5)：495-498.
[95]石南宁,贡小清,童正本.高校液相色谱法测定血清中的多胺[J].南京铁道医学院学报.1997,16(1)：65-66.
[96]王佩,刘晓昱.柱前衍生化高效液相色谱法测定人唾液中腐胺和精胺的含量[J].中国生化药物杂志,2008,29(4)：268-270.
[97]Liu YC. Hsu DH, Huang CL, et al. Determinants of the differential antizyme-binding affinity of omithine decarboxylase [J|. PLoS One.2011.6(11):e26835.
[98]Schipper RG, Verhofstad AA. Distribution patterns of ornithine decarboxylase in cells and tissues:facts, problems, and postulates [J].J Histochem Cytochem.2002.50(9):1143-1160.
[99]迟莉.李茹柳.陈蔚文.鸟氨酸脱羧酶的生理病理特点及其药物研究概况[J].世界华人消化杂志.2006.14(10)：979-984.
[100]张璐,彭朝晖,徐铃.鸟氨酸脱羧酶及其在肿瘤治疗中的应用[J].国外临床生物化学与检验学分册,1997,18(3)：97-99.
[101]Xu X, Liu Z, Fang M, et al. Helicobacter pylori CagA induces ornithine decarboxylase upregulation via Src/MEK/ERK/c-Myc pathway:implication for progression of gastric diseases [J]. Exp Biol Med (Maywood),2012.
[102]李建生,牛正先,周天星,等.消化道肿瘤患者鸟氨酸脱羧酶和腐胺测定的临床意义[J].医师进修杂志,2000,23(11)：20-22.
[103]苗新普,韦红.鸟氨酸脱羧酶对早期胃癌的诊断意义[J].实用预防医学,2010,17(4)：629-631.
[104]Miao X-P, Li j-S, Li H-Y, et al. Expression of ornithine decarboxy-lase in precancerous and cancerous gastric lesions [J]. World Journal of Gastroenterology,2007,13(20):2867-2871.
[105]苗新普,李建生,师晓天.鸟氨酸脱羧酶与食管鳞癌血管生成相关性的研究[J].胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,2004,13(3)：249-252.
[106]李国华,钱伟,王静,等.胃腺癌及癌旁正常组织中c-myc与鸟氨酸脱羧酶mRNA的表达及关系[J].江西医学院学报.2006.46(3)：114-116,119.
[107]阎云飞,刘斌,徐春晓.等.胃癌鸟氨酸脱羧酶基因表达及临床意义[J].山东大学学报,2009.47(3)：1-3.
[108]孙爱华,刘贤锡,何庆泗,等.大肠癌鸟氨酸脱羧酶基因表达及临床意义研究[J].中国现代普通外科进展,2003,7(3)：150-152.
[109]李茹柳,迟莉.郭文峰,等.鸟氨酸脱羧酶表达水平与溃疡性结肠炎病变时相的关系[J].广州中医药大学学报,2007,24(3)：222-225,230.
[110]周茂德,栗世方,胡海燕,等.脑胶质中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的基因表达及其临床意义[J].山东大学学报(医学版),2004,42(2)：177-180.
[111]王春,吴文娟,陈十文,等.神经胶质瘤组织中鸟氨酸脱羧酶的表达及其多胺含量检测的意文[J].蚌埠医学院学报,2006,31(6)：569-571.
[112]蒋进皎,曹铭锋,王功朝,等.鸟氨酸脱羧酶基因表达与肺癌相关性的体外研究[J].实用医药杂志,2009,26(6)：46-49.
[113]黄敏,王倩,范虹,等MNNG和大戟对血吸虫细胞鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性作用的研究[J].湖北预防医学杂志,2002,13(5)：5-6.
[114]范虹.王倩,黄敏.等.大戟对血吸虫细胞鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性的作用[J].中国地方病学杂志,2002.21(3)：174-175.
[115]柴彪新,王金惠,朱听,等.高校液相色谱法测定血清中鸟氨酸脱羧酶活性[J].分析测试学报,1995,14(6)：66-68.
[116]赵爽,李季.高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定鸟氨酸脱羧酶(ODC)活性[J].药物分析杂志.2009,29(11)：1863-1866.
[117]潘晓玉,王波,翁占平,等.甲流腺苷磷酸化酶基因和鸟氨酸脱羧酶在卵巢癌中的表达及意义[J].中国病理生理杂志.2007.23(9)：1728-1731.
[118]Love RR. Astrow SH. Cheeks AM. et al. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) as a prognostic factor in operable breast cancer [J]. Breast Cancer Res Treat.2003.79(3):329-334.
[119) Bachrach U. Wang Y. In vitro chemosensitivity testing of hematological cancer patients: detection of ornithine decarboxylase [J]. Recent Results Cancer Res.2003.161:62-70.
[120]Kagoura M, Toyoda M, Matsui C, et al. Immunohistochemical localization of ornithine decarboxylase in skin tumors [J]. J Cutan Pathol,2000,27(7):338-343.
[121]林岩,徐长庆,F丽娜,等.多胺在L-精氨酸抑制异丙肾上腺素诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚中的作用[J].中国病理生理杂志,2009,25(11)：2099-2104.
[122]陶晡,刘晓清,屈振刚.甘草化学成分研究进展[J].河北农业科学,2009,3(13)：77-79.
[123]张耀光.王谢,梁瑞玲.甘草多糖提取纯化工艺研究[J].科技论坛,53.
[124]韩荣生,李鹏.甘草多糖提取工艺条件的研究[J].世界中西医结合杂志,2011.6(3)：234-237.
[125]刘哗玮,宋海,马振远,等.甘草多糖提取工艺研究[J].中成药,2006,28(5)：729-731.
[126]王海峰,邱芳萍.甘草中甘草酸的提取工艺研究[J].长春工业大学学报.2010.31(1)：66-69.
[127]李善家,王玉丽,杨明俊,等.甘草中提取甘草酸的新工艺研究[J].甘肃科学学报,2010,22(2)：53-57.
[128]但建明,李文娟,洪成林,等.甘草渣中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺研究[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2004,22(5)：427-428.
[129]曾超珍.刘志祥.吴耀辉.等.超声波提取甘草黄酮及其抑菌活性研究[J].时珍国医国药,2007,18(10)：2402-2403.
[130]石忠峰,李茹柳,陈蔚文.甘草总黄酮提取纯化工艺研究[J].中药新药与临床药理.2008,]9(1)：67-69.
[131]付玉杰,施晓光,刘晓娜,等.超临界CO2提取甘草地上部分总黄酮[J].植物研究.2007.27(3)：372-375.
[132]黄明进,王文全,沈寿茂.甘草总黄酮和总皂苷成分的提取工艺及其含量分析[J].中国现代中药,2010,12(4)：24-27.
[133]陈红艳.严莉,王建华,等.甘草提取物对小鼠四氯化碳急性肝损伤的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2009,16(7)：24-25.
[134]田莉,曾斌芳,燕雪花.甘草在消化系统和免疫系统的药理作用及临床应该[J].新疆中医药,2009.27(4)：91-93.
[135]李晓冰,何小鹃,刘彪,等.甘草多糖对H22荷瘤小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].中西医结合报,2010.8(4)：363-367.
[136]李发胜,赵钰,池晓峰,等.甘草多糖对小鼠的免疫调节作用的影响[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2009,16(6)：35-36.
[137]史珅,张洋生,王玉本,等.甘草多糖的体外免疫调节作用[J].食品科技.2008,5：267-269.
[138]XUEMEI LEQ. Advance in Codonopsis pilosula [J]. Journal of Shanxi Medical University. 2002.33(6):567-569.
[139]南换杰.秦雪梅,武滨.等.潞党参多糖的超声提取和含量测定[J].山西医科大学学报.2008.39(7)：641-643.
[140]何先元.陈媛媛,许晋芳.等.素花党参多糖的超声提取和含量测定[J].农技服务.2009.26(11)：135-136.
[141]李艳,孙萍.顾承志.等.新疆党参多糖的微波提取及含量测定[J].江西中医学院学报,2002.14(1)：40-41.
[142]余兰,陈华,娄方明.微波辅助萃取洛龙党参多糖的工艺优化[J].食品研究与开发,2011,32(9)：26-29.
[143]胡文静,刘宝瑞,钱晓萍,等.止交方法优选党参多糖的提取工艺[J].南京中医药大学学报,2007,23(1)：51-53.
[144]李艳,兰卫,孙萍等.新疆党参总黄酮和多糖的含量测定[J].中草药,2004,35(2)：214-215.
[145]郑娟,王丽蕃,胡华刚,等.藏党参总黄酮含量的测定[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(1)：42-43.
[146]蒋小飞,张宝顺.党参总皂苷的提取、分离和纯化[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(4)：2061-2063.
[147]YANG GUANG LF, LIU HUI et al. Effects of Polysaccharides from Radix Codonopsis on Immune Function in Mice [J]. Pharmacology and Clinics of Chinese Materia Medica,2005. 21(4):39.
[148]张晓君,祝晨蔯,胡黎,等.党参多糖对小鼠免疫和造血功能的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理,2003,14(3)：174-176.
[149]隋峰.王汝俊,王建华.补中益气汤、党参、白术含药血清对离体脾虚大鼠壁细胞内[Ca2+]的影响[J].中药药理与临床,2005,21(3)：3-5.
[150]王敏,王彦春,洪小平,等.党参及其复方对亚急性衰老模型小鼠IL-2影响的研究[J].湖北中医杂志,2004,26(7)：6-7.
[151]CAO LI LC, BIAN QINGYA et al. Promotive effect of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide on 1L-2 inductive activity and lymphocyte proliferative reaction inchickens [J]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine,2004,1:3-4.
[152]LI YAN SP, LIU XIA et al. Extraction, Determination and effect on Immune Function of Polysacchrides from Codonopsis clematidea (schrenk) Clarke [J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine,2005,27(7):839-840.
[153]褚海滨.王玉芳.党参多糖对小鼠抗运动性疲劳作用的研究[J].中国现代医生,2011,49(30)：1-2.
[154]妓松柳,徐先祥,夏伦祝.党参总皂苷对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂和NO含量的影响[J].安徽中医学院学报,2002,21(4)：40-42.
[155]段琦梅,梁宗锁,聂小妮,等.黄芪=和党参提取物的抗氧化活性研究[J].西北植物学报,20]0.30(10)：2123-2127.
[156]成金乐,邓雯,黄萍,等.党参破壁粉粒的抗溃疡作用与急性毒性实验研究[J].西北药学杂志.2011.26(2)：120-122.
[157]宋丹,王峥涛,李隆云,等.党参炔苷对胃溃疡模型大鼠胃粘膜损伤保护作用的研究[J].中国医急症.2008,17(7)：963,964.
[158]李伟.郑天珍,蔺美玲.等.参芪合剂对小鼠胃排空和肠推进的作用[J].中国中医基础医学杂志.2006,12(7)：517-518.
[159]王广.马淑霞,新俊.等.党参多糖对双歧杆菌和大肠埃希菌体外生长的影响[J].中国微生态学杂志,2010,22(3)：199-201.
[160]金凤华.胡芳弟,陈相等,等.党参不同提取部分活性比较[J].中药材,2009.32(1)：112-1]4.
[161]孙耀贵.程佳.温伟业.党参总皂苷抗氧化作用[J].中兽医医药杂志.2010.3：37-39.
[162]徐叔云,卞如濂,陈修.药理实验方法学[M]//刘家骏,叶寿山.消化系统药物实验法.北京;人民卫生出版社.2002.
[163]Yanaka A, Suzuki H, Shibahara T, et al. EGF promotes gastric mucosal restitution by activating Na(+)/H(+) exchange of epithelial cells [J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol,2002, 282(5):G866-76.
[164]Milani S CA. Role of growth factors and their receptors in gastric ulcer healing [J]. Microsc Res Tech,2001,53(5):360-371.
[165]Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Duda A, et al. Epidermal growth factor and prostaglandin E(2) accelerate mucosal recovery from stress-induced gastric lesions via inhibition of apoptosis[J]. J Physiol Paris,2001,95(1-6):361-367.
[166]丁润会.甘草酸二铵对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的疗效及炎症因子内影响[J].中国医药导刊,2012,14(1)：100-103.
[167]霍丽娟,郭海荣.甘草酸二铵对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的治疗作用[J].世界华人消化杂志2009,17(4)：399-404.
[168]赵俊凌,马洁,李戈,等.齿瓣石斛多糖提取及脱蛋白工艺研究[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(11)：2841-2843.
[169]刘文生,薛霖莉,卫萍.潞党参多糖的提取及含量测定[J].安徽中医学院学报,2005,24(1)：42-43.
[170]王亚红,李战英.甘草酸的提取和精制法研究现状[J].天津化工,2003,17(6)：34-36.
[171]张继,姚健,丁兰,等.甘草的利用研究进展[J].草原与草坪,2000,89(2)：12-17.
[172]曲晓兰,吴从平,曹明亮.马齿苋多糖脱蛋白工艺的研究[J].泰山医学院学学报,2006,27(8)：717-718.
[173]胡灿.李茹柳,F静,等.黄芪和白术提取物对IEC-6细胞迁移的影响[J].中药新药与临床药理.2011,22(1)：60-65.
[174]许海玉,赵平,张铁军.等.胃黏膜损伤相关疾病中药的研究现状及其开发思路[J].药物评价研究,2010,33(4)：302-306.