用户名: 密码: 验证码:
不同方法提取核桃油脂比较研究及其V_E复合微胶囊的制备
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
核桃是最古老的树生坚果之一,其历史可追溯到公元前7000年。中国核桃栽培面积居世界第一,产量居第二,年产核桃20多万吨。随着西部大开发战略和退耕还林政策的实施,核桃的栽培面积和产量将会大幅度增加,因此开展核桃的加工增值技术研究具有重要的意义。
     核桃的油脂含量一般在60%左右。核桃油脂中的脂肪酸主要是油酸(C18:1)、亚油酸(C18:2)、亚麻酸(C18:3)。核桃油脂的脂肪酸主要是不饱和脂肪酸,其对血清脂质健康有利,与其它坚果相比,核桃油脂的独特之处在于其同时富含ω-3和ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)。流行病学研究和临床营养实验表明:经常食用核桃会降低冠心病的发生率。核桃同时富含V_E、膳食纤维、Mg、K,精氨酸等重要营养物质。因此核桃长久以来一直被视为健康食品,在发达国家,核桃油作为功能油脂,受到了越来越多消费者的欢迎。
     由于核桃油脂中的不饱和脂肪酸含量高,与其它油脂相比,核桃油脂极不稳定。因此在核桃油脂的加工与储存过程中,必须采取技术措施防止其氧化。V_E是一种天然抗氧化剂,同时具有重要的生理功能。微胶囊是现代高新技术,可以通过壁材的包埋作用保护油脂。因此本试验希望通过微胶囊化包埋和添加V_E来改善和提高核桃油脂的氧化稳定性。
     本试验主要研究了不同提取方法对核桃油脂的产率和品质的效果;用气相色谱与液相色谱分别分析了不同方法提取油脂的脂肪酸组成和V_E组成;用Rancimat仪研究了不同方法提取油脂的氧化稳定性;通过喷雾干燥工艺,制备了品质特性良好的V_E复合微胶囊产品。试验结果有助于选择适当的核桃油脂提取方法,并保持良好的品质。试验得到了以下结果:
     1.三种提取方法中,核桃油脂产率的高低依次为:溶剂浸出法>超临界CO_2萃取法>压榨法;压榨法核桃饼中残留油脂含量较高;压榨法核桃饼是一种优质蛋白质来源,其粗蛋白含量高,氨基酸组成合理,有待于开发与利用。
     2.超临界CO_2萃取核桃油脂是一种新型的先进工艺,其所得油脂具有色浅、酸价、皂化价、过氧化价低等特点,其品质明显优于其它两种方法所得油脂。超临界CO_2萃取核桃油脂的影响因素为:夹带剂>萃取压力>CO_2体积,在试验条件
    
    下,萃取温度影响不大。
     3.核桃油脂SCF一CO:萃取的工艺条件为:萃取压力30MPa,萃取温度35℃,
    萃玲叨寸间3.5h,co:流量巧一ZOk留h。夹带剂为无水乙醇,其用量为投料量的质
    量分数的10%
     4.三种提取方法对核桃油脂的脂肪酸组成与含量无明显影响,试验结果显示:
    核桃油脂的脂肪酸组成主要为棕搁酸(C16:o)、硬脂酸(C18:O)、油酸(C18:1)、
    亚油酸(C18:2)、亚麻酸(C18:3),其中不饱和脂肪酸(USFA)在90%以上,
    多不饱和脂肪酸(P UFA)在75%以上。
     5.三种提取方法获得核桃油脂VE的含量依次为:溶剂浸出法>压榨法
    >SCF一COZ萃取法;在VE组成中,主要以Y一VE为主。
     6.三种提取方法获得核桃油脂磷脂的含量依次为:溶剂浸出法>压榨法>
    SCF一CO:萃取法;氧化稳定性依次为:溶剂浸出法>压榨法>SCF一CO:萃取法;试
    验结果显示:核桃油脂氧化稳定时间(051)较短,容易氧化。
     7.最佳的复配乳化剂配方为:单甘酷(犯%)十蔗糖酷(30%)+Span60(20%)
    +Tween60(18%),核桃油一水体系的HLB值为8.1。
     8.乳化液制备的工艺条件为:复配乳化剂用量2.0%,卵磷脂用量0.4%,乳
    化温度65℃,加水量为68%。
     9.微胶囊制备的最佳壁芯比为1.25:1,较优的壁材组成为大豆分离蛋白(45%)
    +麦芽糊精(45%)+p一CD(10%)+黄原胶(0 .5%),核桃油脂的包埋率可达70%
    左右。
     10.添加0.02%VE,通过喷雾干燥,造粒工艺的微胶囊化方法可以提高和改
    善核桃油脂的氧化稳定性,可以制备品质特性较好的核桃油脂与VE复合微胶囊产
     口
    口口。
Walnuts are one of the oldest tree nut of the world. China is the first cultivated area of walnut tree and the second yield of walnut country in nowadays, which produce approximately more than 200,000t walnut every year. With the Strategy of Developing the West Region, the yield of walnut and the cultivated area of walnut tree will increase quickly in the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to study on the walnut processing technology.
    Walnut kernels generally contain about 60% of oil. The major fatty acids found in walnut oil are oleic (C18:l), linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids. Walnut fat is mostly unsaturated, and unsaturated fatty acids have been associated with beneficial effects on serum lipids. Compared with other nuts, a unique aspect of walnuts is that they are a rich source of both omega-6 (ω-6) and omega-3 (ω - 3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are essential dietary fatty acids. Epidemiological and clinical trials suggest that frequent walnut consumption is associated with a decrease in coronary heart disease (CHD). Furthermore, walnut are a rich source of vitamin E , fiber, magnesium, potassium, and arginine. So the walnut is believed to be healthy food for a long history. The walnut oil, as a kind of functional edible oil, becomes mor; and more popular in the developed country.
    On the other hand, the walnut oil is relatively unstable compared to other common plant oils, which can be ascribed to its high content of PUFA. It is important to prevent the walnut oil from oxidation during the process and storage period. Vitamin E is a natural antioxidant as well as has important physiological effects. Microencapsulation is a new Hi-Tech, which the oil can be protected by the wall materials encapsulation effect. So we expect to microencapsulate the walnut oil with VE and improve its oxidative stability.
    Specific objectives of the study were 1) investigate effect of different extraction methods on walnut oil quantity and quality. 2) analyze fatty acids profile of walnut oils with different extraction means by GC and VE profile by RP-HPLC.3) investigate stabilities of 3 walnut oil by Rancimat apparatus.4) microencapsulate the walnut oil with VE and produce fat powders. These data may help we select proper extraction
    
    
    
    technology for walnut oil and keep its quality. The results of the experiments are listed as follow.
    1 In comparison with 3 ways of extraction, the production of walnut oil is putted in order: solvent extraction >SCF-CO2 extraction>screw press extraction. The oil cake contains high content of residue oil(16.5%) and richs in crude protein, which is a good source of protein and should be utilized.
    2 Extracting walnut oil with SCF-CO2 is a new kind of advanced technology. Compared with two other means, the obtained oil has the following several traits: the light color, the low acid value, the low sponification value, the low peroxide value and so on . The quality of this oil is obviously superior to the other two kinds of oils.
    3 The parameters of extracting walnut oil with SCF-CO2 is the following: the press,30Mpa; the temperature,35 ℃; the extraction time ,3.5h; the rate of CO2 flow, 15-20kg/h;The cosolvent is free-water C2H5OH and the employing quantity is 10 % of the overall used raw material.
    4 The 3 different ways have not obvious effect on the fatty acid profile of walnut oil .The results of the experiment indicate that the major fatty acids in walnut oil are palmitic(C16:0),stearic(C18:0),oleic(C18:l),linoleic(C18:2),linolenic(C18:3) acids. In which, USFA account for more than 90% of the total fatty acids, and especially PUFA account for more than 75 % of the total fatty acids.
    5 The content of tocopherol in walnut oil obtained from the 3 ways is sequenced: solvent extraction > screw press extraction > SCF-CO2 extraction. The Y -VE is predominant VE in the VE profile of walnut oil.
    6 The content of phosphatide in walnut oil obtained from the 3 ways is sequenced: solvent extraction > screw press extraction > SCF-C02 extraction. The stabiliti
引文
[1] 郗荣庭,张毅萍,中国果树志(核桃卷),北京:中国林业出版社,1996.
    [2] 陕西果树研究所,陕西果树志,西安:陕西人民出版社,1978:593-595.
    [3] 孙云蔚,中国果树史与果树资源,上海:上海科学技术出版社,1983:12.
    [4] 杨桂馥,软饮料工业手册,北京:中国轻工出版社,2002:103.
    [5] 何方,中国经济林名优产品图志,北京:中国林业出版社,2001:38.
    [6] 李时珍,本草纲目,北京:人民卫生出版社,1978.
    [7] 梅立新,郭春会,刘林强,中美核桃业之差距与对策,西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2002,30(4):79-82.
    [8] 吴子岳,绵核桃剥壳机的研制,包装与食品机械,1995,13(2):561-563.
    [9] 吴子岳,核桃剥壳的力学分析,南京农业大学学报,1995,18(3):116-153.
    [10] 张仲欣,对辊窝眼式核桃开口机设计,洛阳工学院学报,1999,20(4):8-11.
    [11] 辛动军,史建新,6HP—150型核桃破壳机的改进设计,中国油脂,2000,25(1):19-20.
    [12] 王高平,一种新型核桃加工设备的研究,南方农机,2002(2):29-32.
    [13] 张仲欣,开口核桃烘干工艺试验研究,农业工程学报,1999,15(4):254-256.
    [14] 杨志坚,多味核桃烘烤测控系统,山西林业科技,2001(3):12-14.
    [15] 郝艳宾,王克建,冯晓元,核桃在我国加工利用现状及发展趋势,食品工业科技,2002,23(1):70-71.
    [16] 刘金福,王浩田,刘坤明,核桃乳饮料生产工艺研究,天津农学院学报,2000,7(1):8-11.
    [17] 许效群,刘喜文,卢耀环,全脂核桃乳生产工艺的研究,山西农业大学学报,2000,20(3):265-268.
    [18] 陈敢,马世成,花生核桃乳稳定性研究,中国乳品工业,2000,28(3):11-13.
    [19] 陈铁山,曹玉美,高绍棠,等.核桃乳酸发酵酸奶的研制,食品工业科技,1999,20(6):53-56.
    [20] 苏槟楠,萧晋川,王光焕,核桃乳酸双歧杆菌酸奶的研制,科技情报开发与经济,2000,10(4):50-51.
    [21] 董贝森,董贝磊,花生核桃糊制作工艺,农牧产品开发,1999(2):17-18.
    [22] 费镛,郭小强,杨绍永,花生核桃饮料的工艺条件,陕西粮油科技,
    
    1996,21(2):45-46.
    [23] 叶永铭,陈福玉,核桃山楂乳的研制,软饮料工业,1996(2):38-39.
    [24] 周宏涛,袁智权,核桃芝麻乳的生产工艺,食品工业科技,1997(3):58-59.
    [25] 张京芳,樊金拴,红枣核桃汁的研制,食品工业,1999(6):32-33.
    [26] 岳红,胡小玲,管萍,核桃、松籽营养价值的分析及保健饮品的研制,食品科技,1999(2):37-39.
    [27] 刘福林,翟胜江,杨文侠,核桃冰淇淋的研制,中国乳品工业,1999,27(3):19-21.
    [28] 张希琴,胡迎芬,核桃冰淇淋的生产,应用科技,2000,27(1):23.
    [29] 林家莲,杨荣华,周凌霄,核桃酱生产工艺及稳定性的研究,食品与发酵工业,2000,26(2):80-82.
    [30] 崔莉,葛文光,核桃蛋白质功能性质的研究,食品科学,2000,21(1):13-16.
    [31] 崔莉,葛文光,核桃乳稳定性理论的初步研究,食品工业科技,2002,23(4):13-16.
    [32] 李涛,赵声兰等,核桃打浆工艺条件研究,食品科学,2000,21(12):70-72.
    [33] 中国粮油学会油脂专业分会,2020年中长期发展规划-植物油与油脂加工新技术,粮油加工与食品机械,2003(11):8-11.
    [34] 刘玉兰,汪学德,马传国等,油脂制取与加工工艺学,北京:科学出版社,161.
    [35] 任建国,王继承,张戈等,核桃果制取油脂的研究及探讨,中国油脂,2000,25(1):19-20.
    [36] 周伯川,高洪庆,核桃的特性及其制油工艺的研究,中国油脂,1994,19(6):3-5.
    [37] 郝艳宾,王淑兰,王克建等,核桃油和核桃蛋白饮料系列产品工艺的研究,食品科学,2003,24(2):103-104.
    [38] 端木凡林,樊云霞,阴景喜等,核桃油及核桃脱脂蛋白粉制取工艺,中国油脂,1999,24(6):20-21.
    [39] 王红梅,核桃油、核桃乳、速溶脱脂核桃粉综合加工技术 粮食与油脂,2001(1):44-45.
    [40] 周如金,顾立军,黎周国等,超声强化提取核桃仁油的研究,食品科学,2003,24(10):113-117.
    [41] 周如金,胡爱军,宁正祥等,不同方法提取核桃仁油的研究,粮油加工与食品机械,2003(3):37-39.
    
    
    [42] 杨剑婷,郝利平,关于引起核桃中油脂哈败因素的研究初探,山西农业大学学报,2001,21(3):271-273.
    [43] 赵声兰,李涛,核桃油的自氧化及抗氧化的实验研究,食品工业科技,2001,22(2):27-29.
    [44] 赵声兰,李涛,蔡绍芬等,几种抗氧化剂对核桃油抗氧化性能的研究,食品科学,2002,23(2):135-138.
    [45] 赵声兰,陈朝银,赵宁等,茶多酚对核桃油抗氧化作用的实验研究,粮油加工与食品机械,2003,1:40-41.
    [46] 王志平,杨栓平,李文得,核桃油毒性实验研究,山西临床医药,2000,9(10):750-752.
    [47] 赵基嘉,介绍用核桃酒作镇痛药,药学通报,1956,4(1):43.
    [48] 张云五,孟庆云,核桃酒止胃痛药,辽宁医学杂志,1960,10:30.
    [49] 刘瑞梅,青龙衣合剂实验及临床疗效观察,中医药研究,1975,1:34.
    [50] 杜旭,李玉文,倪雁等,中药青核桃镇痛作用研究与展望,中国中药杂志,2000,25(1):7-10.
    [51] 李生正,王云,蒋东风等,BSLB法筛选青龙衣与核桃枝抗肿瘤作用有效部位,西北药学杂志,2000,15(3):114.
    [52] 吕俊芳,张美丽,刘启瑞等,核桃外果皮中棕褐色色素的提取及性质测试,化学研究与应用,2001,13(4):387-390.
    [53] 周学浑,潘祖耀,石苏华等,水蒸汽活化法制山核桃壳活性炭研究,林产化工通讯,1999,33(5):3-6.
    [54] 袁志太,隔核桃壳眼镜灸治疗白内障,上海针灸杂志,1998,17(3):29.
    [55] 邵亚萍,隔核桃壳眼镜灸治疗近视眼50例,上海针灸杂志,1999,18(5):27.
    [56] 陈志勇,薛灵芬,核桃壳棕色素的提取及性能测试,信阳师范学院学报(自然版)2001,14(1):99-101
    [57] 翟梅枝,高绍棠,段鹏慧等,核桃叶制茶工艺及其营养学特性研究,西北林学院学报,1995,10(1):137-141.
    [58] 翟梅枝,韦虹,核桃叶开发利用初探,中国水土保持,1992(8):40-42.
    [59] 尉芹,马希汉,韩学文等,核桃叶抗氧化作用的研究,食品科学,2001,22(7):82-83.
    [60] 翟梅枝,张绍云,高绍棠等,核桃叶总黄酮提取方法研究,陕西林业科技,2001,1:5-8.
    
    
    [61] 陈朝银,赵声兰,曹建新等,核桃花食用价值的研究,食品科学,1998,19,(12):35-37
    [62] 陈朝银,赵声兰,曹建新等,核桃花营养成分的分析,中国野生植物资源,1999,18(2):45-47.
    [63] 樊建,陈朝银,赵声兰,核桃花蛋白质提取条件的初步研究,西南农业大学学报,2000,22(3):246-248.
    [64] 杜香莉,郭军战,冯汀,我国核桃资源的综合利用研究,西北林学院学报,2003,18(3):82-85.
    [65] Szetao KWC, Sathe SK,Walnut (Juglans regia L.) proximate composition, protein solubility, protein amino acid composition and protein in vitro digestibility, J Sci Food Agric 2000,80:1393-1401.
    [66] Osborne TB, Campbell GF, Conglutin and Vitellin, J Am Chem. Soc. 1986, 18:609-623.
    [67] Clara., Szetao KWC, Sathe SK, Solubilizition and Amino Acid Composition of Walnut 1995, 190.
    [68] Furuuchi Y, Asano M, Shibasaki K, Extraction of Protein From Walnut, "Shinano-Gurumi" (Juglans regia L.) and Properties of the Protein J Jap Soc. Food Sci. Tech., 1981, 28 (10): 548-553.
    [69] FAO/WHO, Protein Quality Evaluation, Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. 1990, 66.
    [70] Payne T, California Walnuts and Light Food, Cereal Foods World 1985,30 : 215-218.
    [71] Staffords W L., Umohl B., Lesser, Known Oilseeds: nutritive value of the protein isolates, International Congress of Food Science and Technology, 285.
    [72] Senter SD., Horvat RJ., Forbus WR., Comparative GLC-MS analysis of phnolic acid of selected tree nuts, J Food Sci. 1983, 48:798-799.
    [73] Pernille N., Jenesen Gitte, Sorensen et al. Evaluation of Quality Changes in Walnut Kernels by Vis/NIR Spectroscopy, J Agric. Food Chem 2001,49: 5790-5796.
    [74] Szetao KWC, Schrimpf, Teuberss, Effect of processing and storage on walnut tannins J Sci. Food Agric. 2001,81 (13): 1215-1222.
    [75] Osborne TB, Harris IF., The Globulin of the English Walnut the American black walnut and the butternut, J Am Chem Soc 1993,25:848-853.
    [76] 张根旺,油脂化学,北京:中国财政经济出版社,1999.
    [77] 裘爱泳,贝雷油脂化学与工艺学,第1卷,北京:中国轻工业出版社,2002.
    
    
    [78] Artemis P Simopoulos, Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease Am J Clin Nutr 1999,70 (suppl): 560s-9s.
    [79] Sabate et al. Effects of Walnut on Serum Lipid Levels and Blood Pressure in Normal Men, N Engl. J Med., 328, 603-7.
    [80] From: http//www.Lsro.org.
    [81] Iwamoto et al, Serum Lipid Profiles in Japanese Women and Men during Consumption of Walnuts Eur J Clin Nutr. 56, 629-637.
    [82] Abbey, M.M. Noakes, G B. Belling et al. Partial replacement of saturated fatty acids with almonds or walnuts lowers total plassma cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol Am J Clin Nutr. 1994, 59:995-9.
    [83] Albert, C.M., M. Gaziano, W.C. Willett, et al. Nut consumption and decreased risk of sudden cardiac death in the Physicians Health Study. Arch. Intern. Med.2002, 162: 1382.
    [84] Berry, E.M., S. Eisenberg, Y. Friedlander, et al. Effects of diets rich in monounsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins the Jerusalem Nutrition Study. Ⅱ monounsaturated fatty acids vs. carbohydrates. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991, 56: 394-403.
    [85] Coiquhoun, D.M. Food for prevention of coronary heart disease: Beyond the low fat, low cholesterol diet. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr.2000,9(Suppl): S86-90.
    [86] de Lorgeril et al, Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of heart disease. Lancet, 1994, 343(8911): 1454-9.
    [87] de Lorgeril, M., P. Salen, F. Laporte, F. Boucher, et al, Potential use of nuts for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease: From natural to functional foods. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2001, 11:362-71.
    [88] Dreher, M. L., Maher, C. V., Kearney, The traditional and emerging role of nuts in healthful diets. Nutrition Reviews 1996, 54:241.
    [89] Durlach, J., Y. Rayssiquier, Fatty acid profile, fiber content and high magnesium density may protect against risk of coronary heart disease events. Magnes. Res. 1993, 6: 191-2.
    [90] Fraser G.E., Nut consumption, lipids and risk of a coronary event. Clin Cardiol. 1999, 22 (Suppl. Ⅲ): 11-5.
    [91] Fraser G.E., Diet and coronary heart disease: beyond dietary fats and lowdensity-lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 1994, 59(suppl):1117s-23s.
    [92] Fraser G.E., J. Sabate, W.L. Beeson et al, A possible protective effect of nut consumption on risk of coronary heart disease. Arch. Intern. Med 1992, 152: 1416-24.
    [93] Hu, F.B., M.J. Stampfer, J.E. Manson, et al, Frequent nut consumption and risk of coronary heart disease in women: prospective cohort study. British
    
    Med J. 1998, 317: 1341-5.
    [94] Jenkins,D.J.A., D.G. Popovich, et al, Effect of a diet high in vegetables, fruit, and nuts on serum lipids. Metabolism. 1997, 46(5): 530-7.
    [95] Kris-Etherton, P.M., S. Yu-Poth, J. Sabate et al, Nuts and their bioactive constituents: effects on serum lipids and other factors that affect disease risk. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999, 70 (Suppl.): 504S-11S.
    [96] Sabate J. Nut consumption, vegetarian diets, ischemic heart disease risk, and all-cause mortality: evidence from epidemiologic studies. Am. J. Clin. Nutr 1999, 70(supp): 500S.
    [97] Sabate J., G.E. Fraser, Nuts: a new protective food against coronary heart disease, Current Opinion in Lipidology 1994, 5:11-16.
    [98] Sabate J., D.G. Hook. Almonds, walnuts, and serum lipids. In: Spiller, G.A Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. New York, NY: CRC Press, Inc.; 1996.
    [99] Rogelio.U Almario, Veraphon, Vonghavaravat et al, Effects of Walnut Consumption on Plasma fatty acids and lipoprotein in combined hyperlipdermia, Am J Clin Nutr. 2001, 74:72-9.
    [100] From :http//www.Walnut.org.
    [101] Garca-Lorda, P. I. M. Rangil, J. Salas-Salvad, Nut consumption, body weight and insulin resistance. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003, 57, Suppl 1, S8-S11.
    [102] Sabate J., Nut consumption and body weight. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003,78(suppl): 647S-50S.
    [103] Hebert, J.R., T.G. Hurley, et al, Nutritional and socioeconomic factors: a cross-nationals in relation to prostate cancer mortality tudy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1998, 90:1637-47.
    [104] Jain, M.G., G.T. Hislop, G.R. Howe, P. Ghadirian, Plant foods, antioxidants and prostate cancer risk: findings from case-control studies in Canada. Nutr and Cancer. 1999, 4(2): 173-84.
    [105] Pickle, L.W., M.H. Grene, R.G. Ziegler, A. Toledo, R. Hoover, H.T. Lynch, J.F. Fraumeni, Jr., Colorectal cancer in rural Nebraska. Cancer Research. 1984, 44, 363-369.
    [106] American Diabetes Association (ADA). Nutrition recommendations and principles for people with diabetes mellitus (Position Statement). Diabetes Care 2000, 23 (Suppl. 1): S43.
    [107] Liu, S., W. Willett, M. Stampfer et at., A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake and risk of coronary heart disease in US women. Am J Clin Nutr.2000, 71: 1455-61.
    
    
    [108] 韦红霞,韦英群,张树球等,核桃仁抗超氧阴离子自由基能力的研究,现代中西医结合杂志,2003,12(17):1823-1824.
    [109] 胡博路,杭瑚,核桃清除活性氧自由基的研究,中草药,2002,33(3):227-228.
    [110] 郭长江,韦京豫,葛玉章等,坚果类食物清除ROO·的作用,食品科学,2000,21(1):42-43.
    [111] 张昭,崔岗,赵桂香等,核桃对大鼠血脂.组织脂质和过氧化脂质的作用,北京医科大学学报,1995,27(6):410.
    [112] 杨栓平,常学锋,王志平等,核桃油和核桃油复合维生素E对大鼠血浆脂质的影响,营养学报,2001,23(3):267-270.
    [113] 王志平,杨栓平,李文德等,核桃油和核桃油复合维生素E对动物功能行为影响的研究,山西医药杂志,2000,29(4):325-326.
    [114] 王志凡,薏芝核桃乳保健益智作用的研究,甘肃科技情报,1996,12(3):12.
    [115] 王志凡,薏芝核桃乳混合液对机体免疫机能的影响,兰州医学院学报,1996,22(1):23-24.
    [116] 管鹏声,尹跟旭,傅远扬等,鲜核桃乳实验研究的初步报告,云南中医学院学报,1995,18(3):1-3.
    [117] 严希康编著,生化分离技术,上海:华东理工大学出版社,1998.
    [118] 揭广川,贡汉坤,食品工业新技术及应用,北京:中国轻工业出版社,1995.
    [119] 高孔荣,黄惠华,梁照为,食品分离技术,广东:华南理工大学出版社,1998.
    [120] 张镜澄,超临界流体萃取,北京:化学工业出版社,2000.
    [121] M. V. Palmer,S. S. T.Ting, Application for supercritical fluid technology in food processing, 1995, Food Chemistry, 52: 345-352.
    [122] 李广泽,非洲山毛豆中鱼滕酮的SC-CO_2萃取技术研究,西北农林科技大学硕士论文,2001.
    [123] 王保金,周家华,刘永等,超临界CO_2萃取技术在保健植物油中的应用进展,粮油加工与食品机械,2002(6):28-30.
    [124] 周泉诚,吴谋成,超临界CO_2萃取技术在油脂工业中的应用,中国油脂,2003,28(3):17-19.
    [125] 邵荣,钱仁渊,秦金平等,超临界CO_2萃取技术在油脂和脂肪酸分离中的应用,中国油脂 2001,26(2):9-12.
    [126] 柳仁民,张坤,崔庆新,南瓜子油的超临界CO_2流体萃取研究,食品与发
    
    酵工业,2003,29(1):61-65.
    [127] 杨柏崇,李元瑞,猕猴桃籽油的超临界CO_2萃取研究,食品科学,2003,24(7):104-108.
    [128] Hadolin, High pressure extraction of vitamin E-rich oil from Silybum marianum Food Chemistry, 2001, 74:355-364.
    [129] 姚忠,吴守一,用超临界CO_2浓缩α-生育酚等试验研究,江苏理工大学学报(自然科学版),1999,20(6):1-4.
    [130] 姚忠,吴守一,维生素E及其提取工艺研究进展,江苏理工大学学报,1998,19(5):18.23.
    [131] S Ghosh, D.K. Bhattacharyya, Isolation of Tocopherol and Sterol Concentrate from Sunflower Oil Deodorizer Distillate J. Am Oil Chem. Soc., 1996, 73:1271-1274.
    [132] 李新,β一胡萝卜素原料筛选及其超临界CO_2萃取,中国油脂,2001,26(3):37-40.
    [133] 孙庆杰,丁霄霖,超临界CO_2萃取番茄红素的初步研究,食品与发酵工业,1998,24(1):3-6.
    [134] 李新,刘震,超临界CO_2萃取螺旋藻β—胡萝卜素的研究,化工时刊,1998,12(10):13-15.
    [135] 曾美霞,李笃信,马铃薯中β—胡萝卜素的超临界CO_2提取,食品研究与开发,1996,17(3):55-57.
    [136] 沈致隆,魏小兵,超临界流体萃取法加工米糠,食品工业科技,1995,16(5):14-17
    [137] Duford J., W.King, Thermal Gradient Deacidification of Crude Rice Bran Oil Utilizing Supercritical Carbon Dioxide J. Am Oil Chem. Soc,, 2001, 78 (1):121-124.
    [138] Janet M.J., W.King, Concentration of Phytosterrols for Analysis by Supercritical Fluid Extraction J. Am Oil Chem. Soc.,
    [139] 赵亚平,丁霄霖,超临界CO_2萃取分离植物甾醇的研究,中国油脂,1999,24(4):41-42.
    [140] 黄赤军,张镜澄,超临界CO_2萃取甾醇的研究,广州化学,1994,(1):32-36.
    [141] 赖炳森,毛中兴,超临界CO_2萃取蛋黄磷脂,生物化学与生物物理进展,1995,22(4):366-370.
    [142] 王兴国,汪勇,胡学烟等,大豆磷脂的超临界CO_2萃取研究,中国油脂,2000,25(2):29-31.
    
    
    [143] Nuhan T.D., Extraction of phospholipids from Canola with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide J. Am Oil Chem. Soc., 1995, 72 (3): 1009-1015.
    [144] Luigi Montanari J.W. selective Extraction of phospholipids Mixture by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Cosolvent J. of Food Sci., 1996, 61 (6):1230-1233.
    [145] Feral Temelli Extraction of Triglycerides and phospholipids from Canola with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Ethanol J. o.fFood Sci., 1992, 57 (2): 440-442.
    [146] 高福成主编,食品分离重组工程技术,北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998.
    [147] 张可达,徐冬梅,王平,微胶囊化方法,功能高分子学报,2001,12(4):474-480.
    [148] 郝红,梁国正,微胶囊技术及其应用,现代化工,2002,3(3):60-67.
    [149] 梁治齐,微胶囊技术及其应用,北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999.
    [150] 刘袖洞,何洋,刘群等,微胶囊及其在生物医学领域的应用,科学通报,2000,12(23):2476-2485.
    [151] 鲍鲁生,食品工业中应用的微胶囊技术,食品科学,1999,20(9):6-9.
    [152] 迟庆华,粉末油脂的研制,中国油脂,1993,18(1):19-21.
    [153] 吴嘉根,沈培英等,粉末油脂的研制,中国油脂,1993,18(3):12-15.
    [154] 吴克刚,佘纲哲,柴向华,油脂喷雾干燥微胶囊化的研究,食品科学, 1998 19,(1):34-37.
    [155] 王喜泉,孙树坤,赵英,微胶囊技术生产粉末油脂,大豆通报,2000(2): 21.
    [156] 候春友,董剑林,曹万新,微胶囊化粉末油脂的开发与年产8000吨产品的生产线建设,中国油脂,2000,25(5):55-56.
    [157] 熊华,郑为完,粉末油脂的特点与在食品工业中的应用,食品科学 2002,23(5):154-157.
    [158] 熊华,郑为完,黄源华,微胶囊西藏酥油茶粉的技术研究,食品科学,2003,24(6):85-88.
    [159] 胡国昌,苏杭,粉末鸡油脂的研制及应用,中外食品工业.2003(1):25-27.
    [160] 黄英雄,华聘聘,用于油脂微胶囊化的一些壁材,粮食与油脂,2002(1)
    [161] 王肇慈,粮油食品品质分析,北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.
    [162] 郑州粮食学院《食品分析方法》翻译组译,食品分析方法,成都:四川科技出版社,1985.
    [163] G.P.Savage, P.C.Dutta, D.L.McNeil, Fatty acid and tocopherol cotents and oxidative stability of walnut oils, 1999, J. Am Oil Chem Soc., 76(9): 1059-
    
    1063.
    [164] 宁正祥,食品成分分析手册,北京:中国轻工业出版社,1998.
    [165] F.Lavedrine, A.Ravel, A.Poupard et al Effect of geographic origin, variety and storage on tocopherol concentrations in walnuts by HPLC, 1997, Food Chemistry. 58(1-2): 135-140.
    [166] 全国粮油检验人员培训教材 (二) 法规与标准,国家粮食储备局,447—448.
    [167] T.D. Parker, D.A.Admms, K.Zhou,et al Fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of cold pressed edible seed oils, 2003, J. of Food Sci., 68(4): 1240-1243.
    [168] 赵声兰,陈朝银,太山等,几种乳化剂对核桃炼乳的乳化效果研究,食品科技,2002(19):41-43.
    [169] 黄英雄,孙红明,华聘聘,微胶囊化粉末油脂制品表面油测定方法的研究,中国油脂,2002,27(4):61-63.
    [170] 吴东生,金磊,食品工业中的喷雾干燥法微胶囊,食品工业科技,1997,17(1):78-82.
    [171] 滕剑敏,微胶囊粉末猪油膜结构影响因素的研究,食品科学,2000,21(5):12-15.
    [172] 闫师杰,吴彩娥,寇晓虹等,提取方法对核桃油脂肪酸组分含量及质量指标的影响,食品工业科技,2002,23(4):33-34.
    [173] B.Bozan, F. Temelli, Extraction of poppy seed oils using supercritical CO_2, 2003, J. of Food Sci., 68(2): 422-426.
    [174] Cheung PCK, leung AYH, Ang PO Jr., Comparison of supercritical carbon dioxide and soxhlet extraction of lipids from a brown seaweed, sargassum hemiphyllum (Turn.)C.AG., J Agric Food Chem. 46: 4228-32.
    [175] G.R. List, J.P.Friedrich, Oxidative stability of seed oils extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide, 1989, J. Am Oil Chem. Soc. 66(1): 98-101.
    [176] G.R. List, J.P.Friedrich, Processing characteristics and oxidative stability of soybean oil extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide, 1985, J .Am Oil Chem. Soc. 62(1): 82-85.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700