分区式PRB修复地下水氮污染技术研究
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摘要
地下水是宝贵的淡水资源，是水资源的重要组成部分。随着经济社会的快速发展，工农业生产规模的不断扩大，废物排泄量激增，导致地下水三氮（NH4+–N，NO2-–N、NO3-–N）污染日趋严重。长期饮用三氮污染地下水会导致患有高铁血红蛋白症、肝损害以及癌症等疾病，对儿童的危害更加严重。地下水氮污染治理已刻不容缓。
本论文提出经济、高效的新型的分区式渗透反应格栅（PRB）地下水氮污染原位修复技术。试验从反应介质的遴选入手，为分区式PRB的硝化段、反硝化和二次污染防控段遴选出经济、缓释、高效的有机碳源和释氧材料。根据依托课题示范区的氮污染组分开展分区式PRB模拟试验研究。
试验选用纸屑、木屑和核桃壳和分别产自三季屯、阿克苏、法库、章党、平庄、张家口、王牛滩、龙口、灵石、义马、汝州、昭通的12种褐煤样品与人工复合碳源材料HE（大麻纤维40%，聚乙烯60%）、HB（大麻纤维40%，聚丁二酸丁二醇酯60%）、HL（大麻纤维40%，聚乳酸60%）共同进行性能遴选。在进水硝酸盐氮浓度为30mg/L，室温19±1℃，水力停留时间24小时条件下，核桃壳装置对硝酸盐氮的去除率达到95%左右，并且在180天的运行期内，处理效果高效、稳定，出水急性毒性检测合格。试验以天然黏土和碳酸钙为原料制备的释氧材料，在过水流速0.02m/d的条件下，可维持出水溶解氧在7mg/L左右长达169天，具有良好的长效释氧性能。以遴选的碳源和制备的释氧材料为主要活性介质，组建分区式PRB模拟试验系统，在进水氨氮浓度2mg/L，硝酸盐氮浓度30mg/L，恒温15℃，流速0.02m/d运行工况下，出水达到《地下水质量标准》（GB/T14848-93）中的Ⅲ类水质标准要求。
本试验的开展，优化了传统原位生物脱氮PRB的反应环境，强化了处理效果。同时，分区式PRB原位修复技术具有高效、经济、环保、不占用土地的优点，对于我国农业大国，具有重要的实用价值。
Groundwater, which is an important component of water resources, is one of the mostvaluable freshwater resources. Because of the rapid development of economic andsociety, expanding of the scale of agriculture and industry and the soar of pollutantemission, the groundwater contamination by inorganic nitrogen (in the form of NO3-,NO2-, NH4+) pollution became worse and worse. Long-term drinking of nitrogen pollutedgroundwater may cause methemoglobinemia, liver damage, cancer as well as otherdiseases, especially cause more serious disease to children. Thus, groundwatercontamination by inorganic nitrogen constitutes a major environmental concernworldwide.
This study was supported by the national "five" National Science and TechnologySupport Program "Northeast alpine area towns drinking water security technologyintegration and demonstration"(2012BAJ25B10). We present a new three-layerpermeable reactive barrier (PRB), which is more economic and efficient to fit the qualityof inorganic nitrogen polluted groundwater and the component characteristics.In this research, suitable natural substrate and artificial media as potential carbon sourceand oxygen release material for use in a nitrification, denitrification and control ofsecond pollution prevention permeable reactive barrier (PRB). According to thesimulation study of the three-layer PRB demonstration, the program progress of PRBwas decided and the PRB demonstration will offer technical assistance for industrialapplications.
First of all, suitable natural organic substrates(paper, wood chips and walnut shells),natural semi-inert solid-phase organic carbon (12samples of lignite from Sanjitun,Akesu, Faku, Zhangdang, Pingzhuang, Zhangjiakou, Wangniutan, Longkou, Lingshi,Yima, Ruzhou and Zhaotong) and man-made solid carbon metieral (HE made of40%hemp fiber and60%polyethylene; HB made of40%hemp fiber and60%poly(butylenesuccinate), HL made of40%hemp fiber and60%polylactic acid) were selected andinvestigated. At the condition of the influence nitrate concentration of30mg/L,19±1℃and hydraulic retention time of24h, the nitrate removal rate of the column with walnutshells as carbon source was95%. Meanwhile, during the180days of running, the carbonrelease of walnut shells didn’t decrease, and the acute toxicity of effluent was safe.Secondly, the oxygen release material made with clay and CaCO3was tested under thecondition of water flow rate of0.02m/s. It was found that the DO of effluent can bestable around7mg/L for169days, which means the material performed a long-term oxygen releasing capacity.
According to the media selection study, walnut shells and oxygen release material madeof clay and CaCO3were used as the main active media in the simulative three-layer PRB.The simulative groundwater, which is similar to the characteristics of the demonstrationproject site groundwater components and condition, contained ammonia of2mg/L andnitrate of30mg/L at15℃, with the water flow rate of0.02m/d. The effluent was foundto reach the "drinking water health standards"(GB5749-2006) and the class Ⅲ of"groundwater quality standards (GB/T14848-93)". Finally, it was successfully utilized inthe demonstration project.Application of this technology performed a very important role in the protection of urbanand rural residents living water, supporting the development of society and economic, aswell as maintain ecological balance. Meanwhile, the three-layer PRB situ remediationtechnology does not utilize extra land, which makes it efficient, economical andenvironmentally friendly.
本论文提出经济、高效的新型的分区式渗透反应格栅（PRB）地下水氮污染原位修复技术。试验从反应介质的遴选入手，为分区式PRB的硝化段、反硝化和二次污染防控段遴选出经济、缓释、高效的有机碳源和释氧材料。根据依托课题示范区的氮污染组分开展分区式PRB模拟试验研究。
试验选用纸屑、木屑和核桃壳和分别产自三季屯、阿克苏、法库、章党、平庄、张家口、王牛滩、龙口、灵石、义马、汝州、昭通的12种褐煤样品与人工复合碳源材料HE（大麻纤维40%，聚乙烯60%）、HB（大麻纤维40%，聚丁二酸丁二醇酯60%）、HL（大麻纤维40%，聚乳酸60%）共同进行性能遴选。在进水硝酸盐氮浓度为30mg/L，室温19±1℃，水力停留时间24小时条件下，核桃壳装置对硝酸盐氮的去除率达到95%左右，并且在180天的运行期内，处理效果高效、稳定，出水急性毒性检测合格。试验以天然黏土和碳酸钙为原料制备的释氧材料，在过水流速0.02m/d的条件下，可维持出水溶解氧在7mg/L左右长达169天，具有良好的长效释氧性能。以遴选的碳源和制备的释氧材料为主要活性介质，组建分区式PRB模拟试验系统，在进水氨氮浓度2mg/L，硝酸盐氮浓度30mg/L，恒温15℃，流速0.02m/d运行工况下，出水达到《地下水质量标准》（GB/T14848-93）中的Ⅲ类水质标准要求。
本试验的开展，优化了传统原位生物脱氮PRB的反应环境，强化了处理效果。同时，分区式PRB原位修复技术具有高效、经济、环保、不占用土地的优点，对于我国农业大国，具有重要的实用价值。
Groundwater, which is an important component of water resources, is one of the mostvaluable freshwater resources. Because of the rapid development of economic andsociety, expanding of the scale of agriculture and industry and the soar of pollutantemission, the groundwater contamination by inorganic nitrogen (in the form of NO3-,NO2-, NH4+) pollution became worse and worse. Long-term drinking of nitrogen pollutedgroundwater may cause methemoglobinemia, liver damage, cancer as well as otherdiseases, especially cause more serious disease to children. Thus, groundwatercontamination by inorganic nitrogen constitutes a major environmental concernworldwide.
This study was supported by the national "five" National Science and TechnologySupport Program "Northeast alpine area towns drinking water security technologyintegration and demonstration"(2012BAJ25B10). We present a new three-layerpermeable reactive barrier (PRB), which is more economic and efficient to fit the qualityof inorganic nitrogen polluted groundwater and the component characteristics.In this research, suitable natural substrate and artificial media as potential carbon sourceand oxygen release material for use in a nitrification, denitrification and control ofsecond pollution prevention permeable reactive barrier (PRB). According to thesimulation study of the three-layer PRB demonstration, the program progress of PRBwas decided and the PRB demonstration will offer technical assistance for industrialapplications.
First of all, suitable natural organic substrates(paper, wood chips and walnut shells),natural semi-inert solid-phase organic carbon (12samples of lignite from Sanjitun,Akesu, Faku, Zhangdang, Pingzhuang, Zhangjiakou, Wangniutan, Longkou, Lingshi,Yima, Ruzhou and Zhaotong) and man-made solid carbon metieral (HE made of40%hemp fiber and60%polyethylene; HB made of40%hemp fiber and60%poly(butylenesuccinate), HL made of40%hemp fiber and60%polylactic acid) were selected andinvestigated. At the condition of the influence nitrate concentration of30mg/L,19±1℃and hydraulic retention time of24h, the nitrate removal rate of the column with walnutshells as carbon source was95%. Meanwhile, during the180days of running, the carbonrelease of walnut shells didn’t decrease, and the acute toxicity of effluent was safe.Secondly, the oxygen release material made with clay and CaCO3was tested under thecondition of water flow rate of0.02m/s. It was found that the DO of effluent can bestable around7mg/L for169days, which means the material performed a long-term oxygen releasing capacity.
According to the media selection study, walnut shells and oxygen release material madeof clay and CaCO3were used as the main active media in the simulative three-layer PRB.The simulative groundwater, which is similar to the characteristics of the demonstrationproject site groundwater components and condition, contained ammonia of2mg/L andnitrate of30mg/L at15℃, with the water flow rate of0.02m/d. The effluent was foundto reach the "drinking water health standards"(GB5749-2006) and the class Ⅲ of"groundwater quality standards (GB/T14848-93)". Finally, it was successfully utilized inthe demonstration project.Application of this technology performed a very important role in the protection of urbanand rural residents living water, supporting the development of society and economic, aswell as maintain ecological balance. Meanwhile, the three-layer PRB situ remediationtechnology does not utilize extra land, which makes it efficient, economical andenvironmentally friendly.
引文
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