跨国银行竞争力的研究
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摘要
20世纪，全球经济和国际金融体系的深刻变化给跨国银行带来巨大发展，同时也加剧了跨国银行间的竞争。为适应经济金融全球化的迅速发展，各跨国银行不断采取措施提高自身竞争力，获取竞争优势，以求在竞争中立于不败之地。
本文根据有关银行竞争力的评价方法，比较分析了若干典型跨国银行竞争力指标的异同，并从动态角度分析了它们在资产收益率等竞争力指标方面的差异，同时还从跨国银行的组织结构、跨国银行的金融创新以及跨国银行的经营环境等方面分析了这些因素对跨国银行竞争力的影响。
核心竞争力是跨国银行获取持续竞争优势的关键。本文在界定核心竞争力的基础上，分析了跨国银行核心竞争力的独特性、可变性等特质，并从管理学角度运用实证分析法进一步分析跨国银行从战略、组织再造、营销策略、人力资源管理和企业文化等方面对核心竞争力的培育。
结合目前我国银行业竞争力现状和存在的问题，本文提出培育我国跨国银行核心竞争力的综合措施：第一，充分把握和认识银行尤其是跨国银行竞争力的极端重要性；第二，以创新为动力，启动我国跨国银行核心竞争力培育和建设的突破口；第三，制定和实施全面的培育我国跨国银行核心竞争力的战略规划；第四，加快我国银行体制改革，主要是国有商业银行有步骤地综合改革，为培育我国跨国银行核心竞争力提供有利条件。
In the twentieth century, the profound transformation of global economy and international finance system has urged the multinational banks to develop enormously and also has sharpened the competition between multinational banks. Under the competitive stress, all kinds of multinational banks take action to promote the competence in order to obtain competitive advantage.
This paper makes use of the bank's competence evaluation method to compare the discrepancy of the competence index between the several typical multinational banks. And also, this paper analyzes the discrepancy of the ratio of return on assets and other competence index between them from the dynamic prospective. At last, we analyze the effects of multinational banks' organization, financial innovation and operating environment on multinational banks' competence.
The core competence is the basis of the competence. And the characteristics of multinational bank's core competence can be expressed as follows: unique, changeable and so on. Then we analyze that how multinational banks bring up their core competence from the point of view of management. These ways involve strategy, organization, marketing, human resource management and culture of corporate and so on.
Based on the comparison and analysis and combining the status of our country' s banks, this paper brings forward the measures that bring up the core competence of our multinational banks: firstly we should recognize the importance of competence to banks especially to multinational banks; secondly we should expedite the innovation; thirdly we should establish and execute the tactics that can bring up our multinational bank's core competence; at last, we should expedite the reform of our banking's mechanism.
本文根据有关银行竞争力的评价方法，比较分析了若干典型跨国银行竞争力指标的异同，并从动态角度分析了它们在资产收益率等竞争力指标方面的差异，同时还从跨国银行的组织结构、跨国银行的金融创新以及跨国银行的经营环境等方面分析了这些因素对跨国银行竞争力的影响。
核心竞争力是跨国银行获取持续竞争优势的关键。本文在界定核心竞争力的基础上，分析了跨国银行核心竞争力的独特性、可变性等特质，并从管理学角度运用实证分析法进一步分析跨国银行从战略、组织再造、营销策略、人力资源管理和企业文化等方面对核心竞争力的培育。
结合目前我国银行业竞争力现状和存在的问题，本文提出培育我国跨国银行核心竞争力的综合措施：第一，充分把握和认识银行尤其是跨国银行竞争力的极端重要性；第二，以创新为动力，启动我国跨国银行核心竞争力培育和建设的突破口；第三，制定和实施全面的培育我国跨国银行核心竞争力的战略规划；第四，加快我国银行体制改革，主要是国有商业银行有步骤地综合改革，为培育我国跨国银行核心竞争力提供有利条件。
In the twentieth century, the profound transformation of global economy and international finance system has urged the multinational banks to develop enormously and also has sharpened the competition between multinational banks. Under the competitive stress, all kinds of multinational banks take action to promote the competence in order to obtain competitive advantage.
This paper makes use of the bank's competence evaluation method to compare the discrepancy of the competence index between the several typical multinational banks. And also, this paper analyzes the discrepancy of the ratio of return on assets and other competence index between them from the dynamic prospective. At last, we analyze the effects of multinational banks' organization, financial innovation and operating environment on multinational banks' competence.
The core competence is the basis of the competence. And the characteristics of multinational bank's core competence can be expressed as follows: unique, changeable and so on. Then we analyze that how multinational banks bring up their core competence from the point of view of management. These ways involve strategy, organization, marketing, human resource management and culture of corporate and so on.
Based on the comparison and analysis and combining the status of our country' s banks, this paper brings forward the measures that bring up the core competence of our multinational banks: firstly we should recognize the importance of competence to banks especially to multinational banks; secondly we should expedite the innovation; thirdly we should establish and execute the tactics that can bring up our multinational bank's core competence; at last, we should expedite the reform of our banking's mechanism.
引文
[1]International Institute for Management Development. The world competitiveness yearbook 2000. New York: The Free Press, 2001
[2]赵彦云，李静萍．当代国际竞争力理论及其应用．中国人民大学学报，1998，(5)：43～46
[3]焦瑾璞．中国银行业国际竞争力研究．第一版．北京：中国时代经济出版社，2002
[4]Porter·Michael. The competence advantage of nations. New York: The Free Press, 1990
[5]薛求知，杨飞．跨国银行管理．第一版．上海：复旦大学出版社，2002
[6]C.K.Prahalad, Gary Hamel. The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 1990, (5): 79～91
[7](美)彼得·圣吉．第五项修炼——学习型组织的艺术与实务．第一版．上海：上海三联出版社，1995
[8](英)多米尼克·卡瑟里．挑战风险——金融机构如何生存和发展．第一版．北京：商务印书馆，1997
[9]Merron, R.C.Citigroup annual report 2000-2002.www.citicorp.com.2003, (5): 27～133
[10]Coryn,A.G.Bank of America annual report 2000-2002. www.bankofamerica.com.2003, (4): 74～108
[11]Edward Schwartz. HSBC holdings PLC annual report and accounts 2000-2002.www.hsbc.com.2003, (3): 36～195
[12]Harrison, J.M.Deutsche bank annual report 2000-2002. www.db.com.2003, (5):60～120
[13]孙玉辉．德国的金融体系及相关问题研究．投资研究，2001，(5)：44～48
[14]张青松．泡沫经济过后的世界经济与金融．国际金融研究，2003，(2)：4～10
[15]Terry Baker-Self, Alice Partridge, Beata Ghavimi. Top world banks. The Banker,2003, (7):141～200
[16]Terry Baker-Self, Alice Partridge, Beata Ghavimi. Top world banks. The Banker,2002, (7):132～142
[17]Masahoko. Sumitomo mitsui financial group annual report 2001-2003.
www.smfg.co.jp.2003, (7): 2～83
[18]项卫星，李玉蓉．日本金融体制的结构性缺陷与金融危机．东北亚论坛，2000，(3)：49～53
[19]Masahiko·Aoki.The Japanese main bank system. London: Oxford University Press, 1994
[20]朱纯福．银行竞争力评价方法及其指标体系的构建．金融论坛，2002，(10)：8～16
[21]巴曙松．美国银行业发展的新趋势．国际金融导刊，1996，(1)：32～34
[22](美)迈克尔·波特．竞争战略．第一版．北京：华夏出版社，1997
[23]熊波．论东道国和母国对跨国银行的监管．浙江金融，1999，(5)：44～45
[24]张丰超，王丹．核心竞争力理论发展流派分析．未来与发展，2003，(2)：20～21
[25]Dorothy Leonard Barton. Core capability and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 1992, (13): 111～125
[26]严勇．国外核心竞争力理论综述与启示．经济学动态，1999，(10)：66～70
[27]Coombs, Rod. Core competencies and the strategic management of R&D. R&D Management, 1996, (4):345～355
[28]刘娜．国有商业银行如何培育核心竞争力．价值工程，2003，(2)：68～71
[29]Chandler, A.Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the history of the American industrial enterprise. Cambrige: MA.MIT Press, 1962
[30]Andrews, K. The concept of corporate strategy. Homewood: IL.Irwin, 1971
[31]张颖．新形势下国际银行的经营策略．国际金融研究，1999，(3)：64～68
[32]肖文，林娜．论花旗银行到花旗集团国际战略的转变．世界经济，1998，(12)：43～46
[33](美)Price Waterhouse公司编．21世纪CEO的经营理念．第一版．北京：华夏出版社，1998
[34]Mary G.Gotschall.Bankers trust invests in knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2000, (2): 123～148
[35]Mianshui Chen. Development Strategies In International Banks. University of Amsterdam, 1997
[36](美)理查德·L·达夫特．组织理论与设计精要．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[37]刘狄．跨国银行与金融深化．第一版．上海：上海远东出版社，1998
[38]刘狄．中国银行业：外资的冲击．第一版．上海：上海远东出版社，2000
[39]杨继东．跨国银行核心竞争力研究：[博士学位论文]．北京：国家图书馆，2002
[40]Jay Chatzkel. A conversation with Botkin. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2001, (2): 134～149
[41]朱忠明，郝国胜，王耀中等．跨国银行经营管理．第一版．成都：西南财经大学出版社，1999
[42]中国银行．中国银行2002年度报告．www.bank-of-china.2003，(6)：52～84
[43]中国工商银行．中国工商银行2002年度报告．www.icbc.com.cn.2003，(7)：44～61
[44]国建设银行．中国建设银行2002年度报告．www.ccb.com.cn.2003，(7)：55～64
[45]王康．略论我国商业银行制度的缺陷．中央财经大学学报，2000，(1)：37～40
[46]董寿昆．董寿昆论文集．第一版．北京：中国金融出版社，2001
[2]赵彦云，李静萍．当代国际竞争力理论及其应用．中国人民大学学报，1998，(5)：43～46
[3]焦瑾璞．中国银行业国际竞争力研究．第一版．北京：中国时代经济出版社，2002
[4]Porter·Michael. The competence advantage of nations. New York: The Free Press, 1990
[5]薛求知，杨飞．跨国银行管理．第一版．上海：复旦大学出版社，2002
[6]C.K.Prahalad, Gary Hamel. The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 1990, (5): 79～91
[7](美)彼得·圣吉．第五项修炼——学习型组织的艺术与实务．第一版．上海：上海三联出版社，1995
[8](英)多米尼克·卡瑟里．挑战风险——金融机构如何生存和发展．第一版．北京：商务印书馆，1997
[9]Merron, R.C.Citigroup annual report 2000-2002.www.citicorp.com.2003, (5): 27～133
[10]Coryn,A.G.Bank of America annual report 2000-2002. www.bankofamerica.com.2003, (4): 74～108
[11]Edward Schwartz. HSBC holdings PLC annual report and accounts 2000-2002.www.hsbc.com.2003, (3): 36～195
[12]Harrison, J.M.Deutsche bank annual report 2000-2002. www.db.com.2003, (5):60～120
[13]孙玉辉．德国的金融体系及相关问题研究．投资研究，2001，(5)：44～48
[14]张青松．泡沫经济过后的世界经济与金融．国际金融研究，2003，(2)：4～10
[15]Terry Baker-Self, Alice Partridge, Beata Ghavimi. Top world banks. The Banker,2003, (7):141～200
[16]Terry Baker-Self, Alice Partridge, Beata Ghavimi. Top world banks. The Banker,2002, (7):132～142
[17]Masahoko. Sumitomo mitsui financial group annual report 2001-2003.
www.smfg.co.jp.2003, (7): 2～83
[18]项卫星，李玉蓉．日本金融体制的结构性缺陷与金融危机．东北亚论坛，2000，(3)：49～53
[19]Masahiko·Aoki.The Japanese main bank system. London: Oxford University Press, 1994
[20]朱纯福．银行竞争力评价方法及其指标体系的构建．金融论坛，2002，(10)：8～16
[21]巴曙松．美国银行业发展的新趋势．国际金融导刊，1996，(1)：32～34
[22](美)迈克尔·波特．竞争战略．第一版．北京：华夏出版社，1997
[23]熊波．论东道国和母国对跨国银行的监管．浙江金融，1999，(5)：44～45
[24]张丰超，王丹．核心竞争力理论发展流派分析．未来与发展，2003，(2)：20～21
[25]Dorothy Leonard Barton. Core capability and core rigidities: A paradox in managing new product development. Strategic Management Journal, 1992, (13): 111～125
[26]严勇．国外核心竞争力理论综述与启示．经济学动态，1999，(10)：66～70
[27]Coombs, Rod. Core competencies and the strategic management of R&D. R&D Management, 1996, (4):345～355
[28]刘娜．国有商业银行如何培育核心竞争力．价值工程，2003，(2)：68～71
[29]Chandler, A.Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the history of the American industrial enterprise. Cambrige: MA.MIT Press, 1962
[30]Andrews, K. The concept of corporate strategy. Homewood: IL.Irwin, 1971
[31]张颖．新形势下国际银行的经营策略．国际金融研究，1999，(3)：64～68
[32]肖文，林娜．论花旗银行到花旗集团国际战略的转变．世界经济，1998，(12)：43～46
[33](美)Price Waterhouse公司编．21世纪CEO的经营理念．第一版．北京：华夏出版社，1998
[34]Mary G.Gotschall.Bankers trust invests in knowledge management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2000, (2): 123～148
[35]Mianshui Chen. Development Strategies In International Banks. University of Amsterdam, 1997
[36](美)理查德·L·达夫特．组织理论与设计精要．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，1999
[37]刘狄．跨国银行与金融深化．第一版．上海：上海远东出版社，1998
[38]刘狄．中国银行业：外资的冲击．第一版．上海：上海远东出版社，2000
[39]杨继东．跨国银行核心竞争力研究：[博士学位论文]．北京：国家图书馆，2002
[40]Jay Chatzkel. A conversation with Botkin. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2001, (2): 134～149
[41]朱忠明，郝国胜，王耀中等．跨国银行经营管理．第一版．成都：西南财经大学出版社，1999
[42]中国银行．中国银行2002年度报告．www.bank-of-china.2003，(6)：52～84
[43]中国工商银行．中国工商银行2002年度报告．www.icbc.com.cn.2003，(7)：44～61
[44]国建设银行．中国建设银行2002年度报告．www.ccb.com.cn.2003，(7)：55～64
[45]王康．略论我国商业银行制度的缺陷．中央财经大学学报，2000，(1)：37～40
[46]董寿昆．董寿昆论文集．第一版．北京：中国金融出版社，2001