少数民族地区产业技术创新研究
摘要
本文对产业技术创新的相关理论做了文献综述,作为全篇研究的理论基础和铺垫。通过调查研究,以吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州产业技术创新现状、存在的问题及原因进行了深入的分析,提出了少数民族地区产业技术创新存在的主要问题,本文在此基础上对少数民族地区产业技术创新能力、产业技术创新体系、产业技术创新模式、产业技术创新政策等问题展开研究。旨在探索少数民族地区产业技术创新的发展规律,为我国少数民族地区产业技术创新能力的提高、产业结构的优化和经济的快速发展提供理论依据。主要研究内容如下:
关于产业技术创新内涵。纵观国内外对技术创新概念的界定和理解虽然存在差异。但总括起来,结合我国情况,本文认为应有如下方面:一是技术创新的主体是企业;二是技术创新的目的是获取商业利润;三是技术创新成功与否的检验标准是技术创新成果的首次商业化应用;四是技术创新是一项系统工程。技术创新包括从研究开发到市场实现的全过程中所发生的一切相关创新活动。不仅包括技术创新活动,也包括与技术创新相关的制度创新活动。而且技术创新是“从后向前的工程”。市场的需要是技术创新活动的动力源泉。在此基础上本文认为产业技术创新是以市场为导向,以企业技术创新为基础,国家、企业、研究机构、科技中介联动发展,以提高产业竞争力和区域竞争力为目标,以技术创新在企业与企业、产业与产业之间的扩散为重点过程的从新产品或新工艺设想的产生,包括技术的开发、生产、商业化各个环节,推动产业创新的过程。
关于少数民族地区产业技术创新能力的评价。本章从定量和定性两个方面来研究评价少数民族地区产业技术创新能力。定量研究以吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州为例展开,分析存在的问题。定性研究方面,本文提出少数民族地区产业技术创新能力评价体系的构成要素包括技术创新资源投入能力、技术创新研究开发能力、技术创新支撑能力、技术创新产出能力、技术创新吸收改造能力和技术创新的社会基础环境六大类25个指标。利用因子分析方法和主成分分析方法对内蒙古、广西、宁夏、新疆、西藏五大民族区域自治地区的产业技术创新能力进行了评价,同时与东部的上海、浙江、广东、山东,中部的河北、吉林、辽宁、河南进行比较研究,得出了五个少数民族地区的产业技术创新能力与中部省份差距较小,与东部差距较大。虽然在某些指标的比较上西部地区的发展速度较快,但是总量不足,资源的投入能力是有限的,发展后劲不足。同时我们必须看到少数民族地区产业技术创新能力的提高存在后发优势,少数民族地区产业技术创新能力在以下方面解放思想、改革创新、实现突破:1、增强总体经济实力。2、确立企业的技术创新主体地位。3、大力实施人才战略,投资于教育,实施引进工程师和科学家等工程技术人才工程。4、优化创新环境,培育创新文化。5、大力发展科技中介组织。6、构建与国家产业技术创新体系相互连结呼应的产业技术创新体系,提高技术创新的效率。
关于少数民族地区产业技术创新体系。本文根据专家学者的相关研究,在少数民族地区产业技术创新体系构成要素的基础上,构建了少数民族地区产业技术创新体系的模型。模型要素包括企业、高等院校、科研院所、产业技术创新的服务体系、产业技术创新的支撑条件、少数民族地区产业技术创新体系的产学研相结合机制、产业技术创新的公共服务平台。模型体现了企业、高等院校、科研院所、政府机构、中介机构等构成要素各自的功能作用及其相互之间的联系,并将技术创新与少数民族地区产业结构调整和竞争能力的提升联系起来。提出建设少数民族地区产业技术创新体系的运行机制的建议。
关于少数民族地区产业技术创新模式选择。本章对韩国、日本、美国的产业技术创新模式进行了分析,认为我国少数民族地区产业技术创新应借鉴的经验。从少数民族地区经济社会发展的客观实际出发,揭示少数民族地区产业技术创新模式的选择不能照抄照搬,走有中国特色的少数民族地区的产业技术创新之路。及采用模仿创新、技术引进创新、合作创新的产业技术创新模式。在合作创新模式的选择中根据我国的发展实际和政策,选择RJV模式,促进少数民族地区传统产业的技术创新,选择建立产业技术创新战略联盟模式,促进少数民族地区新兴产业的发展。
关于少数民族地区产业技术创新的政策研究。产业政策体系包括产业组织创新政策、产业技术创新政策、产业结构优化政策、产业布局调整政策等方面。本文主要研究少数民族地区的产业技术创新政策,包括技术的引进、模仿政策、消化吸收再创新政策、产业技术的合作政策、人才的引进培养政策、社会文化建设政策、政府的技术创新激励政策等。要提高我国少数民族地区的产业技术创新能力,从企业这个主体出发,发挥好政府的主导作用,从机制建设入手建立技术的引进、模仿、消化吸收创新的各环节,建立紧密结合、环环相扣的政策体系。同时要落实好国家的技术创新方面的法律法规和区域自治的地方性法规和条例,进一步完善产业技术创新的法律政策环境。
In this paper, the relevant theories of industrial technology innovation is a literature review, as do throughout the theoretical basis and research objects. Through investigation and research, in jilin yanbian area industrial technology innovation present situation, the existence question and the reason, and puts forward in-depth analysis of ethnic minority regions industrial technology innovation, the main problems of this paper on the basis of the minority area industrial technology innovation ability, industrial technology innovation system, and industrial technology innovation mode, industrial technology innovation policy issues on research. Explores minority area industrial technology innovation law of development, for the minority regions in China industrial technology innovation capability is improved, the optimization of the industrial structure and rapid development of economy provides theory basis. The main research contents are as follows:
About industry technology innovation connotation. Throughout both at home and abroad on technology innovation and understand the definition of the existing differences. Although But the sum up, with China's conditions, this paper argues that should have the following: one is the subject of technological innovation is the enterprise, 2 it is technology innovation purpose is to obtain the commercial profit, Three technical innovation is the success of technique innovation achievements inspection standard is the first commercial applications. The fourth is technology innovation is a system engineering. Technology innovation ranging from research and development to market realize the whole process of what happened the relevant innovation activities. Includes not only technical innovation activities, including and technology innovation, the relevant system innovation activities. And technology innovation is "from after the forward engineering". The needs of the market is the drive source of technology innovation activities. On the basis of technology innovation is considered in this paper industry market oriented and enterprise technology innovation as the foundation, the state, enterprises, research institutes and technology intermediary linkage development, in order to improve the competitiveness of the industry and regional competitiveness as the goal, the technological innovation in enterprise and enterprise, industries and industries for key process of diffusion new products or new technology envisaged produce, including technical development, production, commercial each link, promote industrial innovation process.
About minority area industrial technology innovation ability evaluation. This chapter from quantitative and qualitative perspectives to study to evaluate minority areas in industrial technology innovation ability. Quantitative research in jilin yanbian area as an example, the analysis on the existing problems. Qualitative research, the paper puts forward the minority area industrial technology innovation ability evaluation system elements including technical innovation resources into ability, the technical innovation research and development ability, the technical innovation ability, the technical innovation support output capability and technical innovation ability and the technological innovation absorb transformation of social base environment six kinds of 25 index. By using the method of factor analysis and principal component analysis method of Inner Mongolia, guangxi, ningxia, xinjiang, Tibet five regional ethnic autonomy areas of industrial technology innovation ability is evaluated, and at the same time with the east Shanghai, zhejiang, guangdong, shandong, hebei province in central henan province, jilin, liaoning, comparative study, it is concluded that the five minority areas of industrial technology innovation ability and central provinces, the difference is smaller between eastern difference is bigger. Although in some index comparison on the western region's develops fast, but the quantity is not enough, resource investment ability is limited, insufficient development in the future. At the same time we must see the minority area industrial technology innovation ability, enhance existing advantage backwardness, the minority nationality area industrial technology innovation ability in the following respects emancipating the mind, reform and innovation, realize breakthrough: 1, the overall economic strength is weak. 2 and establish the enterprise's technical innovation subject position. 3, vigorously implementing talent strategy, investment in education, implementing introducing engineers and scientists such as engineering and technical personnel engineering. 4, optimization innovation environment, to foster innovative culture. 5, to develop science and technology intermediary organizations. 6, establishment and the industrial technology innovation system of interconnected echo of industrial technology innovation system and improve the efficiency of technological innovation
About minority area industrial technology innovation system. This paper according to experts and scholars of related research, in minority areas, industrial technology innovation system components, on the basis of the minority areas building industrial technology innovation system model. Models include enterprises, universities, research institutes, model of industrial technology innovation service system, industrial technology innovation support conditions, minority area industrial technology innovation system of combination of production mechanism, industrial technology innovation of public service platform. Model shows enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions, government agencies, and other medium organizations elements of their respective functions and their mutual connection, and technical innovation and minority area industrial structure adjustment and competitive ability of ascension connected. Put forward building minority area industrial technology innovation system operation mechanism suggestion.
About minority area industrial selection of technological innovation mode. This chapter to South Korea, Japan, the United States of industrial technology innovation mode are analyzed, think the minority regions in China industrial technology innovation should learn from experience. From the minority areas of economic and social development objective reality, reveal the minority area industrial technological innovation mode choice not copy copy, walk with Chinese characteristics in minority areas of industrial technology innovation. And using the imitation innovation, technology import innovation, cooperation innovation of industrial technology innovation mode. The cooperative innovation mode choice according to the development of our country actual and policy, choose RJV model, promote minority areas of the traditional industries technology innovation, choose the establishment of an industrial technology innovation strategy alliance mode, promote the minority areas emerging industry development.
About minority area industrial technology innovation policy study. Industrial policy system including industrial organization innovation policy, industrial technology innovation policy, industrial structure optimization strategy, adjust the policy of industrial layout, etc. This paper makes a study of the ethnic minority areas of industrial technology innovation policy, including the technology of the introduction, imitate policy, digestion, absorption and re-innovation policy, industrial technology cooperation policy, the introduction of talent training policy, social culture construction policy, government technical innovation incentives policy etc. To improve the minority regions in China's industrial technology innovation ability, from the enterprise this subject starting, good play the leading role, from government established technological system construction of the introduction, digestion and absorption of imitation, innovation, establish the various links combine closely, linked policy system. At the same time to implement state of technological innovation of laws and regulations and the regional autonomy of local laws and regulations, further improved industrial technology innovation of the legal and policy environment.
关于产业技术创新内涵。纵观国内外对技术创新概念的界定和理解虽然存在差异。但总括起来,结合我国情况,本文认为应有如下方面:一是技术创新的主体是企业;二是技术创新的目的是获取商业利润;三是技术创新成功与否的检验标准是技术创新成果的首次商业化应用;四是技术创新是一项系统工程。技术创新包括从研究开发到市场实现的全过程中所发生的一切相关创新活动。不仅包括技术创新活动,也包括与技术创新相关的制度创新活动。而且技术创新是“从后向前的工程”。市场的需要是技术创新活动的动力源泉。在此基础上本文认为产业技术创新是以市场为导向,以企业技术创新为基础,国家、企业、研究机构、科技中介联动发展,以提高产业竞争力和区域竞争力为目标,以技术创新在企业与企业、产业与产业之间的扩散为重点过程的从新产品或新工艺设想的产生,包括技术的开发、生产、商业化各个环节,推动产业创新的过程。
关于少数民族地区产业技术创新能力的评价。本章从定量和定性两个方面来研究评价少数民族地区产业技术创新能力。定量研究以吉林省延边朝鲜族自治州为例展开,分析存在的问题。定性研究方面,本文提出少数民族地区产业技术创新能力评价体系的构成要素包括技术创新资源投入能力、技术创新研究开发能力、技术创新支撑能力、技术创新产出能力、技术创新吸收改造能力和技术创新的社会基础环境六大类25个指标。利用因子分析方法和主成分分析方法对内蒙古、广西、宁夏、新疆、西藏五大民族区域自治地区的产业技术创新能力进行了评价,同时与东部的上海、浙江、广东、山东,中部的河北、吉林、辽宁、河南进行比较研究,得出了五个少数民族地区的产业技术创新能力与中部省份差距较小,与东部差距较大。虽然在某些指标的比较上西部地区的发展速度较快,但是总量不足,资源的投入能力是有限的,发展后劲不足。同时我们必须看到少数民族地区产业技术创新能力的提高存在后发优势,少数民族地区产业技术创新能力在以下方面解放思想、改革创新、实现突破:1、增强总体经济实力。2、确立企业的技术创新主体地位。3、大力实施人才战略,投资于教育,实施引进工程师和科学家等工程技术人才工程。4、优化创新环境,培育创新文化。5、大力发展科技中介组织。6、构建与国家产业技术创新体系相互连结呼应的产业技术创新体系,提高技术创新的效率。
关于少数民族地区产业技术创新体系。本文根据专家学者的相关研究,在少数民族地区产业技术创新体系构成要素的基础上,构建了少数民族地区产业技术创新体系的模型。模型要素包括企业、高等院校、科研院所、产业技术创新的服务体系、产业技术创新的支撑条件、少数民族地区产业技术创新体系的产学研相结合机制、产业技术创新的公共服务平台。模型体现了企业、高等院校、科研院所、政府机构、中介机构等构成要素各自的功能作用及其相互之间的联系,并将技术创新与少数民族地区产业结构调整和竞争能力的提升联系起来。提出建设少数民族地区产业技术创新体系的运行机制的建议。
关于少数民族地区产业技术创新模式选择。本章对韩国、日本、美国的产业技术创新模式进行了分析,认为我国少数民族地区产业技术创新应借鉴的经验。从少数民族地区经济社会发展的客观实际出发,揭示少数民族地区产业技术创新模式的选择不能照抄照搬,走有中国特色的少数民族地区的产业技术创新之路。及采用模仿创新、技术引进创新、合作创新的产业技术创新模式。在合作创新模式的选择中根据我国的发展实际和政策,选择RJV模式,促进少数民族地区传统产业的技术创新,选择建立产业技术创新战略联盟模式,促进少数民族地区新兴产业的发展。
关于少数民族地区产业技术创新的政策研究。产业政策体系包括产业组织创新政策、产业技术创新政策、产业结构优化政策、产业布局调整政策等方面。本文主要研究少数民族地区的产业技术创新政策,包括技术的引进、模仿政策、消化吸收再创新政策、产业技术的合作政策、人才的引进培养政策、社会文化建设政策、政府的技术创新激励政策等。要提高我国少数民族地区的产业技术创新能力,从企业这个主体出发,发挥好政府的主导作用,从机制建设入手建立技术的引进、模仿、消化吸收创新的各环节,建立紧密结合、环环相扣的政策体系。同时要落实好国家的技术创新方面的法律法规和区域自治的地方性法规和条例,进一步完善产业技术创新的法律政策环境。
In this paper, the relevant theories of industrial technology innovation is a literature review, as do throughout the theoretical basis and research objects. Through investigation and research, in jilin yanbian area industrial technology innovation present situation, the existence question and the reason, and puts forward in-depth analysis of ethnic minority regions industrial technology innovation, the main problems of this paper on the basis of the minority area industrial technology innovation ability, industrial technology innovation system, and industrial technology innovation mode, industrial technology innovation policy issues on research. Explores minority area industrial technology innovation law of development, for the minority regions in China industrial technology innovation capability is improved, the optimization of the industrial structure and rapid development of economy provides theory basis. The main research contents are as follows:
About industry technology innovation connotation. Throughout both at home and abroad on technology innovation and understand the definition of the existing differences. Although But the sum up, with China's conditions, this paper argues that should have the following: one is the subject of technological innovation is the enterprise, 2 it is technology innovation purpose is to obtain the commercial profit, Three technical innovation is the success of technique innovation achievements inspection standard is the first commercial applications. The fourth is technology innovation is a system engineering. Technology innovation ranging from research and development to market realize the whole process of what happened the relevant innovation activities. Includes not only technical innovation activities, including and technology innovation, the relevant system innovation activities. And technology innovation is "from after the forward engineering". The needs of the market is the drive source of technology innovation activities. On the basis of technology innovation is considered in this paper industry market oriented and enterprise technology innovation as the foundation, the state, enterprises, research institutes and technology intermediary linkage development, in order to improve the competitiveness of the industry and regional competitiveness as the goal, the technological innovation in enterprise and enterprise, industries and industries for key process of diffusion new products or new technology envisaged produce, including technical development, production, commercial each link, promote industrial innovation process.
About minority area industrial technology innovation ability evaluation. This chapter from quantitative and qualitative perspectives to study to evaluate minority areas in industrial technology innovation ability. Quantitative research in jilin yanbian area as an example, the analysis on the existing problems. Qualitative research, the paper puts forward the minority area industrial technology innovation ability evaluation system elements including technical innovation resources into ability, the technical innovation research and development ability, the technical innovation ability, the technical innovation support output capability and technical innovation ability and the technological innovation absorb transformation of social base environment six kinds of 25 index. By using the method of factor analysis and principal component analysis method of Inner Mongolia, guangxi, ningxia, xinjiang, Tibet five regional ethnic autonomy areas of industrial technology innovation ability is evaluated, and at the same time with the east Shanghai, zhejiang, guangdong, shandong, hebei province in central henan province, jilin, liaoning, comparative study, it is concluded that the five minority areas of industrial technology innovation ability and central provinces, the difference is smaller between eastern difference is bigger. Although in some index comparison on the western region's develops fast, but the quantity is not enough, resource investment ability is limited, insufficient development in the future. At the same time we must see the minority area industrial technology innovation ability, enhance existing advantage backwardness, the minority nationality area industrial technology innovation ability in the following respects emancipating the mind, reform and innovation, realize breakthrough: 1, the overall economic strength is weak. 2 and establish the enterprise's technical innovation subject position. 3, vigorously implementing talent strategy, investment in education, implementing introducing engineers and scientists such as engineering and technical personnel engineering. 4, optimization innovation environment, to foster innovative culture. 5, to develop science and technology intermediary organizations. 6, establishment and the industrial technology innovation system of interconnected echo of industrial technology innovation system and improve the efficiency of technological innovation
About minority area industrial technology innovation system. This paper according to experts and scholars of related research, in minority areas, industrial technology innovation system components, on the basis of the minority areas building industrial technology innovation system model. Models include enterprises, universities, research institutes, model of industrial technology innovation service system, industrial technology innovation support conditions, minority area industrial technology innovation system of combination of production mechanism, industrial technology innovation of public service platform. Model shows enterprises, universities, scientific research institutions, government agencies, and other medium organizations elements of their respective functions and their mutual connection, and technical innovation and minority area industrial structure adjustment and competitive ability of ascension connected. Put forward building minority area industrial technology innovation system operation mechanism suggestion.
About minority area industrial selection of technological innovation mode. This chapter to South Korea, Japan, the United States of industrial technology innovation mode are analyzed, think the minority regions in China industrial technology innovation should learn from experience. From the minority areas of economic and social development objective reality, reveal the minority area industrial technological innovation mode choice not copy copy, walk with Chinese characteristics in minority areas of industrial technology innovation. And using the imitation innovation, technology import innovation, cooperation innovation of industrial technology innovation mode. The cooperative innovation mode choice according to the development of our country actual and policy, choose RJV model, promote minority areas of the traditional industries technology innovation, choose the establishment of an industrial technology innovation strategy alliance mode, promote the minority areas emerging industry development.
About minority area industrial technology innovation policy study. Industrial policy system including industrial organization innovation policy, industrial technology innovation policy, industrial structure optimization strategy, adjust the policy of industrial layout, etc. This paper makes a study of the ethnic minority areas of industrial technology innovation policy, including the technology of the introduction, imitate policy, digestion, absorption and re-innovation policy, industrial technology cooperation policy, the introduction of talent training policy, social culture construction policy, government technical innovation incentives policy etc. To improve the minority regions in China's industrial technology innovation ability, from the enterprise this subject starting, good play the leading role, from government established technological system construction of the introduction, digestion and absorption of imitation, innovation, establish the various links combine closely, linked policy system. At the same time to implement state of technological innovation of laws and regulations and the regional autonomy of local laws and regulations, further improved industrial technology innovation of the legal and policy environment.
引文
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