分布式仪器实时控制系统的研究与实现
摘要
近几年，基于网络的自动测试系统(Automatic Test System)逐步替代传统的测试模式，在各个领域中都有广泛的应用，如工业产品现场测试、卫星远程测控、远程医疗。自动测试系统主要由仪器的远程控制、分布式数据计算和信息管理等组成。
系统涉及的仪器设备已不是简单的物理硬件，而演化成基于PC的虚拟仪器，并向智能化、软件化、网络化发展。在这样的趋势下，利用软件技术和网络技术共享各种物理仪器资源，实现远程仪器的实时控制在技术上成为可能。不受时空限制，随时随地共享大型专用仪器，提高数据和硬件资源的利用率，是分布式仪器实时控制系统的目标，也是自动测试系统实现的关键之一。
分布式仪器控制系统不只是物理仪器的简单互连，更重要的是提供了一个网络仪器的管理平台，最优化硬件资源的分配。本文着重研究了分布式仪器对象描述方式，创新地提出了层次化的管理控制模型，将仪器信息以服务节点的方式发布到网络中。
基于活动目录和Windows仪器管理技术，本文详细阐述了远程仪器实时控制平台的设计，验证层次化模型的可行性和合理性。同时，本论文还在仪器资源的负载平衡、分布式系统的访问安全等几个方面作了深入的研究与尝试，给出了解决方案。
最后，本文选用了美国国家仪器(National Instruments)公司的PCI-6024E作为硬件仪器，完成了远程仪器的实时控制实例。用户可以通过网络，透明地访问数据采集卡，并对其进行实时操作。
文章的结尾部分，作者对系统实现提出了进一步的建议和展望。
In recent years, network based Automatic Test System has taken place of traditional measurement model and been wildly implemented in numerous fields, such as industry field measurement, satellite remote control and remote diagnose. ATS consists of three main parts: remote instruments control, distributed data analysis and information management.
The instrument in ATS is not only the simple physical hardware, but also the virtual instrument based on PC, which becomes more intelligent and more dependent on software and network. To such trends, it is probable to implement the real-time control of distant instruments using the software and network technology and make feasible solution to share the physical instruments resource in the Internet. The real-time control system of distributed instruments, one of the key points in the ATS, intends to share the special instruments without the limitation of time and location, and improves the utilization ratio of data and hardware.
The Distributed Instruments Control System doses not simply connect all the instruments together, but, more importantly, provide a management platform for the network devices and optimize the allocation of instrument resource. The paper emphasizes on the object-oriented description of the distributed instruments, and creates a layered model of network devices control system. In the system, the information of the devices is published to the Internet as a service node.
Based on Active Directory and Windows Management Instrument, the paper designs the real-time control platform of the distributed instruments in detail and validates its feasibility and reasonability. In the meantime, further research related to load balancing of instrument resource and the system security is discussed. The article provides several solutions to these problems.
At last, PCI-6024E of National Instruments is selected as physical instrument in the paper to realize an example of the distributed instrument system. The user can access the DAQ board remotely without knowing its position, and operate the instrument in real-time.
The author gives some advice and makes prospect for the system application as a conclusion.
系统涉及的仪器设备已不是简单的物理硬件，而演化成基于PC的虚拟仪器，并向智能化、软件化、网络化发展。在这样的趋势下，利用软件技术和网络技术共享各种物理仪器资源，实现远程仪器的实时控制在技术上成为可能。不受时空限制，随时随地共享大型专用仪器，提高数据和硬件资源的利用率，是分布式仪器实时控制系统的目标，也是自动测试系统实现的关键之一。
分布式仪器控制系统不只是物理仪器的简单互连，更重要的是提供了一个网络仪器的管理平台，最优化硬件资源的分配。本文着重研究了分布式仪器对象描述方式，创新地提出了层次化的管理控制模型，将仪器信息以服务节点的方式发布到网络中。
基于活动目录和Windows仪器管理技术，本文详细阐述了远程仪器实时控制平台的设计，验证层次化模型的可行性和合理性。同时，本论文还在仪器资源的负载平衡、分布式系统的访问安全等几个方面作了深入的研究与尝试，给出了解决方案。
最后，本文选用了美国国家仪器(National Instruments)公司的PCI-6024E作为硬件仪器，完成了远程仪器的实时控制实例。用户可以通过网络，透明地访问数据采集卡，并对其进行实时操作。
文章的结尾部分，作者对系统实现提出了进一步的建议和展望。
In recent years, network based Automatic Test System has taken place of traditional measurement model and been wildly implemented in numerous fields, such as industry field measurement, satellite remote control and remote diagnose. ATS consists of three main parts: remote instruments control, distributed data analysis and information management.
The instrument in ATS is not only the simple physical hardware, but also the virtual instrument based on PC, which becomes more intelligent and more dependent on software and network. To such trends, it is probable to implement the real-time control of distant instruments using the software and network technology and make feasible solution to share the physical instruments resource in the Internet. The real-time control system of distributed instruments, one of the key points in the ATS, intends to share the special instruments without the limitation of time and location, and improves the utilization ratio of data and hardware.
The Distributed Instruments Control System doses not simply connect all the instruments together, but, more importantly, provide a management platform for the network devices and optimize the allocation of instrument resource. The paper emphasizes on the object-oriented description of the distributed instruments, and creates a layered model of network devices control system. In the system, the information of the devices is published to the Internet as a service node.
Based on Active Directory and Windows Management Instrument, the paper designs the real-time control platform of the distributed instruments in detail and validates its feasibility and reasonability. In the meantime, further research related to load balancing of instrument resource and the system security is discussed. The article provides several solutions to these problems.
At last, PCI-6024E of National Instruments is selected as physical instrument in the paper to realize an example of the distributed instrument system. The user can access the DAQ board remotely without knowing its position, and operate the instrument in real-time.
The author gives some advice and makes prospect for the system application as a conclusion.
引文
[1] Wieslaw Winiecki and Michal Karkowski, A New Java-Based Software Environment for Distributed Measuring Systems Design, IEEE Transactions on Instrument and measurement. Vol.51. No.6. December, 2002, pp 1340-1346
[2] Pasquale Arpaia, Aldo Baccigalupi, Felice Cennamo and Pasquale Daponte, A Measurement Laboratory on Geographic Network for Remote Test Experiments, IEEE Transactions on Instrument and measurement. Vol.49. No.5. October, 2000, pp 992-997
[3] 胡邦昀，分布式自动测试系统研究，华东师范大学 2003硕士论文
[4] J-M.Dricot, Ph.De Doncker, M.Dierickx, F.Grenez and H. Bersini, Jini technology as a solution to develop distributed instrument network in Engineering [EB/OL] http://cs.ulb.ac.be/publications/P-01-04.pdf
[5] IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 20, IEEE Trial-Use Standard for A Broad-Based Environment for Test(ABBET), December 1998
[6] Building Intelligent Ethernet-Based Distributed I/O Systems with National Instruments Lab VIEW [EB/OL] http://zone.ni.com/devzone/conceptd.nsf/webmain/07991F64BEC6697486256A6400427966?opendocument&node=174409_US#1
[7] Astronomical Instrument Markup Language, an IML Dialect, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center http://pioneer.gsfc.nasa.gov/public
[8] E.Trullols, J.Sorribas, J.del Rio, C.Samitier, A.Manuel, R.Palomera, LabVir: A Virtual Distributed Measurement System, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Vail, Colorado, May 20-22, 2003
[9] M.Bertocco, S.Cappellazzo, C.Narduzzi, M.Parvis, An Advanced Distributed Architecture for Telemonitoring Services, IMTC 2003-Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Vail, CO, USA 20-22 May 2003
[10] Z.Papp, H.J.Hoeve, A.Bos, A System Architecture for Distributed Implementation of Virtual Measurement Systems, IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, March 07-12 1999, Nashville, Tennessee
[11] 张纪伟，虚拟测控系统研究，南京理工大学2002硕士论文
[12] (美) Gil Kirkpatrick著，谭郁松、张明杰、张志伟译，活动目录编程指南，清华大学出版社，2001年
[13] Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Windows Active Directory: An Introduction to the Next Generation Directory Services, Updated March 1999
[14] Network Working Group, Request for Comments: 1309 Technical Overview of Directory Services Using the X.500 Protocol, March 1992
[15] Network Working Group, Request for Comments: 1487 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (V1), Dec. 1997
[16] Microsoft Active Directory SDK, 1999 Microsoft Corporation
[17] Richard C．Leinecker著，高智勇、赵焜、唐华平、黄蔚玲等译，COM+技术大全，机械工业出版社，2001年
[18] 杨乐平、李海涛、肖相生等编著，LabVIEW程序设计与应用，电子工业出版社 2001年
[19] 徐峻峰，基于数据采集卡的虚拟仪器的设计和实现，浙江大学硕士论文，2002年
[20] Jill Spealman著，陈文杰、袁超伟、张剑译，MCSE制胜宝典 Windows 2000—Active Directory服务
[21] (美) Marcin Policht著，智慧东方工作室译，WMI技术指南，机械工作出版社，2002年
[22] 王煜、姚延涛、沈钧毅，基于MSCS的应用服务器动态平衡的实现，小型微型计算机系统．Vol．23 No．10 Oct 2002
[23] 李登，分布式系统负载均衡策略研究，中南大学硕士论文
[24] 李庆华、尹社红，一种基于预测的负载平衡策略，华中科技大学学报．Vol．30 No．9 Sep．2000
[25] (美) Jie Wu著，高传善等译，分布式系统设计，机械工业出版社，2001年
[2] Pasquale Arpaia, Aldo Baccigalupi, Felice Cennamo and Pasquale Daponte, A Measurement Laboratory on Geographic Network for Remote Test Experiments, IEEE Transactions on Instrument and measurement. Vol.49. No.5. October, 2000, pp 992-997
[3] 胡邦昀，分布式自动测试系统研究，华东师范大学 2003硕士论文
[4] J-M.Dricot, Ph.De Doncker, M.Dierickx, F.Grenez and H. Bersini, Jini technology as a solution to develop distributed instrument network in Engineering [EB/OL] http://cs.ulb.ac.be/publications/P-01-04.pdf
[5] IEEE Standards Coordinating Committee 20, IEEE Trial-Use Standard for A Broad-Based Environment for Test(ABBET), December 1998
[6] Building Intelligent Ethernet-Based Distributed I/O Systems with National Instruments Lab VIEW [EB/OL] http://zone.ni.com/devzone/conceptd.nsf/webmain/07991F64BEC6697486256A6400427966?opendocument&node=174409_US#1
[7] Astronomical Instrument Markup Language, an IML Dialect, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center http://pioneer.gsfc.nasa.gov/public
[8] E.Trullols, J.Sorribas, J.del Rio, C.Samitier, A.Manuel, R.Palomera, LabVir: A Virtual Distributed Measurement System, IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Vail, Colorado, May 20-22, 2003
[9] M.Bertocco, S.Cappellazzo, C.Narduzzi, M.Parvis, An Advanced Distributed Architecture for Telemonitoring Services, IMTC 2003-Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference Vail, CO, USA 20-22 May 2003
[10] Z.Papp, H.J.Hoeve, A.Bos, A System Architecture for Distributed Implementation of Virtual Measurement Systems, IEEE Conference and Workshop on Engineering of Computer-Based Systems, March 07-12 1999, Nashville, Tennessee
[11] 张纪伟，虚拟测控系统研究，南京理工大学2002硕士论文
[12] (美) Gil Kirkpatrick著，谭郁松、张明杰、张志伟译，活动目录编程指南，清华大学出版社，2001年
[13] Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft Windows Active Directory: An Introduction to the Next Generation Directory Services, Updated March 1999
[14] Network Working Group, Request for Comments: 1309 Technical Overview of Directory Services Using the X.500 Protocol, March 1992
[15] Network Working Group, Request for Comments: 1487 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (V1), Dec. 1997
[16] Microsoft Active Directory SDK, 1999 Microsoft Corporation
[17] Richard C．Leinecker著，高智勇、赵焜、唐华平、黄蔚玲等译，COM+技术大全，机械工业出版社，2001年
[18] 杨乐平、李海涛、肖相生等编著，LabVIEW程序设计与应用，电子工业出版社 2001年
[19] 徐峻峰，基于数据采集卡的虚拟仪器的设计和实现，浙江大学硕士论文，2002年
[20] Jill Spealman著，陈文杰、袁超伟、张剑译，MCSE制胜宝典 Windows 2000—Active Directory服务
[21] (美) Marcin Policht著，智慧东方工作室译，WMI技术指南，机械工作出版社，2002年
[22] 王煜、姚延涛、沈钧毅，基于MSCS的应用服务器动态平衡的实现，小型微型计算机系统．Vol．23 No．10 Oct 2002
[23] 李登，分布式系统负载均衡策略研究，中南大学硕士论文
[24] 李庆华、尹社红，一种基于预测的负载平衡策略，华中科技大学学报．Vol．30 No．9 Sep．2000
[25] (美) Jie Wu著，高传善等译，分布式系统设计，机械工业出版社，2001年