基于电光效应的偏振调制与检测研究
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摘要
在利用光学方法测量参数的技术领域，特别在目标识别与成像的应用中，偏振光的调制和检测拥有重大的实用价值。本论文对液晶和PLZT两种材料的电光特性、液晶型光圆偏振调制器、双液晶调制型偏振测量系统以及基于PLZT调制器的偏振图像分析系统进行了系统的理论分析和研究。从理论分析、实验测试、器件工艺及应用系统的设计研发等方面进行了基于电光效应的偏振调制稳态控制、线性相位调制、双频调制、多相位点调制、偏振图像重构等技术研究，为进一步开展偏振调制和偏振检测的研究奠定了基础。
论文的主要研究内容和创新点如下：
a)、电光材料的选择及其器件工艺的研究。材料的电光特性与器件工艺是设计偏振调制器的关键技术，也是偏振调制研究中的重要内容。作者对可以获得的各种电光材料的特性进行了比较与分析，并选择出适合设计应用的两种材料：液晶与PLZT。本文对以上两种材料进行了大量的电光特性测试研究。测试的目的有两个：其一是考察实验中所能得到的电光特性是否与材料的理论特性相一致，以便对于不一致的部分在应用设计中进行补偿；其二是在所测量的特性曲线中寻找工作点的调制规律，然后根据这些规律设计器件或系统的调制方案。同时，本文对这两种材料的器件工艺进行了探索与尝试。研究结果表明，所设计并制作的器件其电光调制特性完全符合设计要求。
b)、液晶型光圆偏振调制器的研究。利用液晶材料制成的调制器其最大优点是工作点非常稳定。在对液晶材料的特性进行了详细实验研究之后，对多种结构和不同参数设计的液晶调制器进行了测试与比较。所设计的调制器最具有特色之处是，利用反馈控制的方法，将工作点快速稳定地收敛在两个圆偏振态之一的输出状态上。同时，根据所制作的调制器特性，设计了可适用于多波长条件且输出光的圆偏振度高达99.9％的液晶型光圆偏振调制器。该系统的研究包括：液晶调制器参数的优化设计、反馈控制电路以及相应的控制软件。经测试，液晶型圆偏振调制器的驱动电压小于10v，响应速度约25ms。系统的特色还在于对不同波长的入射光源能自动寻找左圆和右圆两个光圆偏振工作点，并稳定在这两个工作点。
c)、双液晶调制型偏振参数测量系统的研究。测量的基本原理是，探测被调制的入射光信号，由此检测出原信号携带的偏振参数。根据这一理论，本文设计并制作了一个以双液晶调制器为核心，以DSP芯片为处理器的偏振参数测量系统。根据Jones矩阵描述，我们设计了能够测量完全偏振光的光路结构。在此基础上本文详细研究了双液晶调制器的工作模式，并提出了一个调制方案，使得两个液晶调制器工作在各自不同的驱动信号下，从而实现对电路噪声的抑制。通过仿真，证实了该方案的可行性，同时根据仿真模型确定出了两个驱动信号的实际工作参数。实验结果表明，该测量系统对于相位、方位角以及倾斜角的测量的误差分别小于0.17度、0.27度和0.31度，满足偏振态参数测量的精度要求。
d)、基于PLZT的偏振图像测量系统的研究。在(b)、(c)两项研究的基础上，本文将对点的偏振调制和偏振测量研究进行了整合并扩展为对图像的偏振调制与偏振测量，最后，进一步地拓宽为全部偏振态的测量。利用PLZT材料的极化方向随电场方向变化这一性质，我们设计了交叉式电极的偏振调制器，讨论了在不同的偏振参数描述方式下的调制测量方法，并根据材料固有的特性设计了多相位点调制的工作模式。基于这些设计，本文完成了PLZT材料电光调制器的工艺制作，设计并实现了基于FPGA芯片的偏振测量系统。该系统可以直接向VGA接口的显示器输出偏振参数图像。实验结果表明，本文设计制作的偏振图像采集系统以及交叉电极式PLZT调制器能够可靠地获取偏振参数图像。另外，与原有的偏振度图像相比，由偏振参数直接重构的偏振图像能提供更多的信息。
偏振应用的研究工作在国外已经成为研究热点，但在国内尚处于起步阶段。利用电光效应进行偏振调制和检测是偏振技术应用领域中的一项重要研究内容，目前还有大量的问题亟待解决。但是，随着科学的进步，偏振调制与检测必定能在更广泛的现代技术领域得到推广与应用。
The modulation and measurement of polarized light have the important value in the field of optical measurement, especially the object recognization and image application. Recognize the focus target from the complex background is a very important subject in the autoindentify domain. The modulation and detection of polarization are the most newly spring up technology.In the modern technology domain of military, biology, medical, astronomy, geography, oceanography, agricultural, etc., the utilization of polarization light are more and more widely. Think about the application background, the dissertation mainly focused on the study, design and achievement of Liquid-Crystal-Type optical circular polarization modulator, Dual-Liquid-Crystal-Type polarization measurement system, which both used Liquid crystal material, as well as the polarization image analysis system based on PLZT modulator.
a). Research on the electric-optical(EO) property of the material and the device technology. This part is an important part of the thesis. In this section, the EO property of many materials was compared and analyzed. Then, two kinds of proper materials were chosen: Liquid crystal and PLZT. A lot of testing was done in order to get the accurate EO properties. Through the testing, two tasks should be accomplished, one of them is studying whether the modulation regular are the same between fact and ideal, so that the difference could be compensated in the application design; the other is searching the modulation law of the work points in the EO proper curve in order that the design should followed. In this part, based on these two materials the experiments of the device were done include the parameter design and proper testing.
b). The research of the Liquid-Crystal-Type optical circular polarization modulator(OCPM). In this section, the zero drift of direct current property was utilized for the design and achievement of OCPM. The specialty of this device is the feed-back technology was employed. Utilizing this technology can get the stable
circular polarization state output fast. Based on the EO property, a Liquid crystal device was researched combine with the fabrication technology. According the characteristic of the device the OCPM was designed and achieved. The specialty of the OCPM is adapt to multi-wavelength, stable and fast output and the circular polarization degree reaching to 99.9%. The OCPM was composed of liquid crystal device with optimal parameter design, feed-back control circuit and application software. Its drive voltage is less than 10v, response speed about 25ms. This OPCM has the function that the left-hand and right-hand optical circular polarization work points could be found automatically by the changing wavelength and be fixed.
c). The research of the Dual-Liquid-Crystal-Type polarization measurement system. The prime principle of the measurement is identifying the polarization parameters of the incident light from the detected signals through modulating them by Dual-liquid-crystal-modulator (DLCM). In this section a polarization parameter measurement system was designed and achieved with DLCM as the kernel and a signal process system based on DSP chip. The system used two different frequency signals to drive the DLCM. The measurement optical route can be described by Jones matrix. Based on the DLCM, the simulation result and actual measurement result were discussed. All the results were showed that the design was correct, the structure was reasonable and the measurement accurate was high. The experiment has showed that the measurement error of phase retardation is less than 0.17°, error of azimuth angle is less than 0.27° and error of primary axis angle is less than 0.31°. The precision as above can fit the state of polarization parameters measurement acquirements.
d). The research of the polarization image analysis system based on PLZT modulator. Based on the research of two projects that mentioned above, this section integrates the technology of one spot polarization modulation and measurement for polarization parameters and to a multi-spot, that is image, polarization modulation and measurement for polarization parameters. Further more, the technology could be used for all state of polarization measurement. In this part, the property of polarized-direction will follow the varying of the electronic field direction was
employed. Based on this characteristic and the research of EO property, a cross-pole polarization modulator was designed. It has the working mode of multi-phase modulation. Following the research and design, a polarization image analysis system was achieved based on FPGA chip and signal process circuit. The system can send the image signal to the monitor with VGA interface directly. The resolution of image was decided by CCD, and was independent of modulator. According the transmission spectrum of the PLZT was visible and infrared ray, the proper CCD can acquire the different spectrum image. The experiments were showed that the system we achieved with the PLZT modulator as the kernel can obtain the polarization parameter image reliably, and these parameters can manifest the feather of the object more apparent than using the degree of polarization only.
论文的主要研究内容和创新点如下：
a)、电光材料的选择及其器件工艺的研究。材料的电光特性与器件工艺是设计偏振调制器的关键技术，也是偏振调制研究中的重要内容。作者对可以获得的各种电光材料的特性进行了比较与分析，并选择出适合设计应用的两种材料：液晶与PLZT。本文对以上两种材料进行了大量的电光特性测试研究。测试的目的有两个：其一是考察实验中所能得到的电光特性是否与材料的理论特性相一致，以便对于不一致的部分在应用设计中进行补偿；其二是在所测量的特性曲线中寻找工作点的调制规律，然后根据这些规律设计器件或系统的调制方案。同时，本文对这两种材料的器件工艺进行了探索与尝试。研究结果表明，所设计并制作的器件其电光调制特性完全符合设计要求。
b)、液晶型光圆偏振调制器的研究。利用液晶材料制成的调制器其最大优点是工作点非常稳定。在对液晶材料的特性进行了详细实验研究之后，对多种结构和不同参数设计的液晶调制器进行了测试与比较。所设计的调制器最具有特色之处是，利用反馈控制的方法，将工作点快速稳定地收敛在两个圆偏振态之一的输出状态上。同时，根据所制作的调制器特性，设计了可适用于多波长条件且输出光的圆偏振度高达99.9％的液晶型光圆偏振调制器。该系统的研究包括：液晶调制器参数的优化设计、反馈控制电路以及相应的控制软件。经测试，液晶型圆偏振调制器的驱动电压小于10v，响应速度约25ms。系统的特色还在于对不同波长的入射光源能自动寻找左圆和右圆两个光圆偏振工作点，并稳定在这两个工作点。
c)、双液晶调制型偏振参数测量系统的研究。测量的基本原理是，探测被调制的入射光信号，由此检测出原信号携带的偏振参数。根据这一理论，本文设计并制作了一个以双液晶调制器为核心，以DSP芯片为处理器的偏振参数测量系统。根据Jones矩阵描述，我们设计了能够测量完全偏振光的光路结构。在此基础上本文详细研究了双液晶调制器的工作模式，并提出了一个调制方案，使得两个液晶调制器工作在各自不同的驱动信号下，从而实现对电路噪声的抑制。通过仿真，证实了该方案的可行性，同时根据仿真模型确定出了两个驱动信号的实际工作参数。实验结果表明，该测量系统对于相位、方位角以及倾斜角的测量的误差分别小于0.17度、0.27度和0.31度，满足偏振态参数测量的精度要求。
d)、基于PLZT的偏振图像测量系统的研究。在(b)、(c)两项研究的基础上，本文将对点的偏振调制和偏振测量研究进行了整合并扩展为对图像的偏振调制与偏振测量，最后，进一步地拓宽为全部偏振态的测量。利用PLZT材料的极化方向随电场方向变化这一性质，我们设计了交叉式电极的偏振调制器，讨论了在不同的偏振参数描述方式下的调制测量方法，并根据材料固有的特性设计了多相位点调制的工作模式。基于这些设计，本文完成了PLZT材料电光调制器的工艺制作，设计并实现了基于FPGA芯片的偏振测量系统。该系统可以直接向VGA接口的显示器输出偏振参数图像。实验结果表明，本文设计制作的偏振图像采集系统以及交叉电极式PLZT调制器能够可靠地获取偏振参数图像。另外，与原有的偏振度图像相比，由偏振参数直接重构的偏振图像能提供更多的信息。
偏振应用的研究工作在国外已经成为研究热点，但在国内尚处于起步阶段。利用电光效应进行偏振调制和检测是偏振技术应用领域中的一项重要研究内容，目前还有大量的问题亟待解决。但是，随着科学的进步，偏振调制与检测必定能在更广泛的现代技术领域得到推广与应用。
The modulation and measurement of polarized light have the important value in the field of optical measurement, especially the object recognization and image application. Recognize the focus target from the complex background is a very important subject in the autoindentify domain. The modulation and detection of polarization are the most newly spring up technology.In the modern technology domain of military, biology, medical, astronomy, geography, oceanography, agricultural, etc., the utilization of polarization light are more and more widely. Think about the application background, the dissertation mainly focused on the study, design and achievement of Liquid-Crystal-Type optical circular polarization modulator, Dual-Liquid-Crystal-Type polarization measurement system, which both used Liquid crystal material, as well as the polarization image analysis system based on PLZT modulator.
a). Research on the electric-optical(EO) property of the material and the device technology. This part is an important part of the thesis. In this section, the EO property of many materials was compared and analyzed. Then, two kinds of proper materials were chosen: Liquid crystal and PLZT. A lot of testing was done in order to get the accurate EO properties. Through the testing, two tasks should be accomplished, one of them is studying whether the modulation regular are the same between fact and ideal, so that the difference could be compensated in the application design; the other is searching the modulation law of the work points in the EO proper curve in order that the design should followed. In this part, based on these two materials the experiments of the device were done include the parameter design and proper testing.
b). The research of the Liquid-Crystal-Type optical circular polarization modulator(OCPM). In this section, the zero drift of direct current property was utilized for the design and achievement of OCPM. The specialty of this device is the feed-back technology was employed. Utilizing this technology can get the stable
circular polarization state output fast. Based on the EO property, a Liquid crystal device was researched combine with the fabrication technology. According the characteristic of the device the OCPM was designed and achieved. The specialty of the OCPM is adapt to multi-wavelength, stable and fast output and the circular polarization degree reaching to 99.9%. The OCPM was composed of liquid crystal device with optimal parameter design, feed-back control circuit and application software. Its drive voltage is less than 10v, response speed about 25ms. This OPCM has the function that the left-hand and right-hand optical circular polarization work points could be found automatically by the changing wavelength and be fixed.
c). The research of the Dual-Liquid-Crystal-Type polarization measurement system. The prime principle of the measurement is identifying the polarization parameters of the incident light from the detected signals through modulating them by Dual-liquid-crystal-modulator (DLCM). In this section a polarization parameter measurement system was designed and achieved with DLCM as the kernel and a signal process system based on DSP chip. The system used two different frequency signals to drive the DLCM. The measurement optical route can be described by Jones matrix. Based on the DLCM, the simulation result and actual measurement result were discussed. All the results were showed that the design was correct, the structure was reasonable and the measurement accurate was high. The experiment has showed that the measurement error of phase retardation is less than 0.17°, error of azimuth angle is less than 0.27° and error of primary axis angle is less than 0.31°. The precision as above can fit the state of polarization parameters measurement acquirements.
d). The research of the polarization image analysis system based on PLZT modulator. Based on the research of two projects that mentioned above, this section integrates the technology of one spot polarization modulation and measurement for polarization parameters and to a multi-spot, that is image, polarization modulation and measurement for polarization parameters. Further more, the technology could be used for all state of polarization measurement. In this part, the property of polarized-direction will follow the varying of the electronic field direction was
employed. Based on this characteristic and the research of EO property, a cross-pole polarization modulator was designed. It has the working mode of multi-phase modulation. Following the research and design, a polarization image analysis system was achieved based on FPGA chip and signal process circuit. The system can send the image signal to the monitor with VGA interface directly. The resolution of image was decided by CCD, and was independent of modulator. According the transmission spectrum of the PLZT was visible and infrared ray, the proper CCD can acquire the different spectrum image. The experiments were showed that the system we achieved with the PLZT modulator as the kernel can obtain the polarization parameter image reliably, and these parameters can manifest the feather of the object more apparent than using the degree of polarization only.
引文
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