环境因子对三趾跳鼠遗传多样性的影响
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摘要
三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)属跳鼠科(Dipodidae)三趾跳鼠属(Dipus)广泛分布于我国蒙新区,是蒙新区区系分布的典型物种。三趾跳鼠适应性强。本实验研究目的是要从分子水平利用线粒体DNA为分子标记来研究三趾跳鼠的遗传多样性与环境因子之间的关系,进一步了解河西走廊及其周边地区三趾跳鼠进化过程及分布的格局、形成此格局的原因。
本实验对来自内蒙古、甘肃、新疆三地区的78只三趾跳鼠采用哺乳动物细胞色素b通用引物进行扩增及测序分析,测序的结果得到细胞色素b1037bp序列。利用分子生态学软件分析得出以下结果：
1.三趾跳鼠细胞色素b碱基序列平均碱基含量为：T(U)占29.1%,C30.4%,A26.2%,G14.3%。发现12个转换位点,1个颠换位点,转换颠换比12：1,TC间的转换7个,AG间的转换位点5个。碱基的转化频率大大高于颠换发生频率。
2.三趾跳鼠总的的核苷酸多样性为0.018±0.025,单倍型多样性为0.963±0.054。各个地理种群中核苷酸多样性最高的是阿克塞AKS种群0.07326,最低的是榆中种群0.0010。在单倍型多样性方面,单倍型多样性最低的是甘肃的金塔种群0.833。三趾跳鼠种群的细胞色素b遗传变异丰富。
3.三趾跳鼠9个种群78个样本共发现64个单倍型。其中中泉子有9个单倍型,新疆吉木乃有15个单倍型,阿克塞有3个单倍型,安西有8个单倍型,民勤有12个单倍型,苏干湖有7个单倍型,高台有6个单倍型,金塔有3个单倍型,榆中有2个单倍型。其中阿克塞、安西、民勤有1个共享单倍型,安西、苏干湖有1个共享单倍型。其余种群之间无共享单倍型。
4.核苷酸多样性与温度变异系数之间呈显著负相关关系,说明相对温度变异系数是影响三趾跳鼠遗传多样性的主导因子。
5.在9个地理种群间吉木乃和榆中种群之间的遗传分化指数最高Fst0.976,高台种群和阿克塞种群之间的遗传分化指数最低Fst0.008。种群之间的遗传差异显著。
6.根据碱基序列计算,分析结果可知,吉木乃和中泉子种群之间的遗传距离最大0.132。而比较两地的地理距离也是最远的1579公里。
7.构建贝叶斯分子进化树,结果表明9个三趾跳鼠地理种群聚为两个明显的分支,其他地理种群种群聚为一支,吉木乃聚为另一支。根据BEAST软件分析计算,三趾跳鼠的两大支分歧时间在距今52万年左右。种群扩张分析提示,三趾跳鼠在0.115Ma前曾经历一次种群扩张时间,种群可能受到更新世的庐山-大理间冰期的影响。
Dipus sagitta widely distributed in mengxin district,is a typical species in mengxin district. Mitochondrial DNA sequence of cyothrome b gene from9populations were evaluated the relationship between genetic diversity and climatic factors,investigated the genetic structure. Using molecular ecology software to analysis the sequence information. The research results obtained are as follows:
1. Dipus sagitta cytochrome b nucleotide sequence nucleotide content:T(U)29.1%,C30.4%, A26.2%,G14.3%.12transition sites and1transversion site among the1137base pairs of cytb transition sites:transversion sites12:1,7conversion sites in TC,5conversion sites in AG.
2. Dipus sagitta have the nucleotide diversity0.018±0.025, haplotype diversity0.963±0.054. The result show that the population of Dipus sagitta has a high genetic diversity. Dipus sagitta populations nucleotide diversity is highest in AKS(π=0.0733), the lowest in ZQZ(π=0.0010). haplotype diversity is lowest in JT population (h=0.833).
3. Dipus sagitta9populations have found64haplotypes in78samples.9haplotypes in ZQZ,15haplotypes in JMN,3haplotypes in AKS,9haplotypes in AX,12haplotypes in MQ,6haplotypes in SGH,6haplotypes in GT,3haplotypes in JT,2haplotypes in YZ.AX and AKS MQ share a same haplotype. AX and SGH shared1same haplotyoe. Between the other geographic populations no shared haplotypes based on the cytb sequence.
4. The correlation between nucleotide diversity and VCT was a significant negative. VCT were the dominant factors that influenced the genetic diversity of Dipus sagitta.
5. In nine geographic populations of Dipus sagitta,the population of JMN and YZ genetic diversity Fst is the highest0.97518. The geographic populations of AX and YZ genetic diversity Fst is the lowest0.00752. The genetic diversity between populations is significant.
6.Genetic distance between JMN and ZQZ reach the maximum0.132. Compare with other populations,we found ZQZ and JMN geographical distance also is the furthest,1579km.
7. Construted bayesian molecular phylogenetic tree, the results show that nine populations clustered into two major lineage.Other geographical populations as a branch, JMN as one branch. On the basis of BEAST software,the two branch divaricated in0.052Ma years ago. Population demography analysis indicated the Dipus sagitta experienced expansion during the past0.115Ma,which indicated that interglacial period might have effect on Dipus sagitta populations.
本实验对来自内蒙古、甘肃、新疆三地区的78只三趾跳鼠采用哺乳动物细胞色素b通用引物进行扩增及测序分析,测序的结果得到细胞色素b1037bp序列。利用分子生态学软件分析得出以下结果：
1.三趾跳鼠细胞色素b碱基序列平均碱基含量为：T(U)占29.1%,C30.4%,A26.2%,G14.3%。发现12个转换位点,1个颠换位点,转换颠换比12：1,TC间的转换7个,AG间的转换位点5个。碱基的转化频率大大高于颠换发生频率。
2.三趾跳鼠总的的核苷酸多样性为0.018±0.025,单倍型多样性为0.963±0.054。各个地理种群中核苷酸多样性最高的是阿克塞AKS种群0.07326,最低的是榆中种群0.0010。在单倍型多样性方面,单倍型多样性最低的是甘肃的金塔种群0.833。三趾跳鼠种群的细胞色素b遗传变异丰富。
3.三趾跳鼠9个种群78个样本共发现64个单倍型。其中中泉子有9个单倍型,新疆吉木乃有15个单倍型,阿克塞有3个单倍型,安西有8个单倍型,民勤有12个单倍型,苏干湖有7个单倍型,高台有6个单倍型,金塔有3个单倍型,榆中有2个单倍型。其中阿克塞、安西、民勤有1个共享单倍型,安西、苏干湖有1个共享单倍型。其余种群之间无共享单倍型。
4.核苷酸多样性与温度变异系数之间呈显著负相关关系,说明相对温度变异系数是影响三趾跳鼠遗传多样性的主导因子。
5.在9个地理种群间吉木乃和榆中种群之间的遗传分化指数最高Fst0.976,高台种群和阿克塞种群之间的遗传分化指数最低Fst0.008。种群之间的遗传差异显著。
6.根据碱基序列计算,分析结果可知,吉木乃和中泉子种群之间的遗传距离最大0.132。而比较两地的地理距离也是最远的1579公里。
7.构建贝叶斯分子进化树,结果表明9个三趾跳鼠地理种群聚为两个明显的分支,其他地理种群种群聚为一支,吉木乃聚为另一支。根据BEAST软件分析计算,三趾跳鼠的两大支分歧时间在距今52万年左右。种群扩张分析提示,三趾跳鼠在0.115Ma前曾经历一次种群扩张时间,种群可能受到更新世的庐山-大理间冰期的影响。
Dipus sagitta widely distributed in mengxin district,is a typical species in mengxin district. Mitochondrial DNA sequence of cyothrome b gene from9populations were evaluated the relationship between genetic diversity and climatic factors,investigated the genetic structure. Using molecular ecology software to analysis the sequence information. The research results obtained are as follows:
1. Dipus sagitta cytochrome b nucleotide sequence nucleotide content:T(U)29.1%,C30.4%, A26.2%,G14.3%.12transition sites and1transversion site among the1137base pairs of cytb transition sites:transversion sites12:1,7conversion sites in TC,5conversion sites in AG.
2. Dipus sagitta have the nucleotide diversity0.018±0.025, haplotype diversity0.963±0.054. The result show that the population of Dipus sagitta has a high genetic diversity. Dipus sagitta populations nucleotide diversity is highest in AKS(π=0.0733), the lowest in ZQZ(π=0.0010). haplotype diversity is lowest in JT population (h=0.833).
3. Dipus sagitta9populations have found64haplotypes in78samples.9haplotypes in ZQZ,15haplotypes in JMN,3haplotypes in AKS,9haplotypes in AX,12haplotypes in MQ,6haplotypes in SGH,6haplotypes in GT,3haplotypes in JT,2haplotypes in YZ.AX and AKS MQ share a same haplotype. AX and SGH shared1same haplotyoe. Between the other geographic populations no shared haplotypes based on the cytb sequence.
4. The correlation between nucleotide diversity and VCT was a significant negative. VCT were the dominant factors that influenced the genetic diversity of Dipus sagitta.
5. In nine geographic populations of Dipus sagitta,the population of JMN and YZ genetic diversity Fst is the highest0.97518. The geographic populations of AX and YZ genetic diversity Fst is the lowest0.00752. The genetic diversity between populations is significant.
6.Genetic distance between JMN and ZQZ reach the maximum0.132. Compare with other populations,we found ZQZ and JMN geographical distance also is the furthest,1579km.
7. Construted bayesian molecular phylogenetic tree, the results show that nine populations clustered into two major lineage.Other geographical populations as a branch, JMN as one branch. On the basis of BEAST software,the two branch divaricated in0.052Ma years ago. Population demography analysis indicated the Dipus sagitta experienced expansion during the past0.115Ma,which indicated that interglacial period might have effect on Dipus sagitta populations.
引文
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