絮凝搅拌能耗分布优化模式及其实验验证
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摘要
絮凝搅拌能耗分布问题是絮凝池合理设计的关键问题,近二、三十年来,在应用絮凝动力学原理进行絮凝池合理化设计方面,虽已取得不少研究成果,但到目前为止,对于絮凝搅拌能耗的优化分布问题,仍然停留在经验基础上,还未见有理论方面的说明和相关报道。所以,本文采用理论模式探索和专门实验验证相结合的方法进行相关课题的深入研究,无疑具有较好的理论和技术价值。
为了实现我国新的生活饮用水水质1 NTU浊度标准,考虑到我国大多数中小城镇水厂的技术经济条件,针对工程设计中存在的问题和絮凝过程中水流流态对水处理效果影响,本课题利用已有的经验公式和前人的实验数据进行数学推导,对絮凝最优浊度范围及絮体形成的影响因素之间的协同作用规律进行了研究;并对搅拌容器内水流流态的数值模拟作为研究的主要内容,探索最佳絮凝控制条件,并制定出中小城镇水厂絮凝设施技术改造的实验方法。本文核心即是在这方面进行了探讨。具体内容如下:
(1)本文推导获得搅拌能耗优化分布的理论模式,其中γ值是与絮体分形维数有关的模型参数,主要与絮凝剂品种和投加量有关。该式表达了在总搅拌时间最短时的相邻的三档絮凝搅拌强度之间的数值比例关系。并据此得到絮凝反应池搅拌能耗分布优化的四个比例计算式,应用其中任意两个来拟定絮凝反应池水力搅拌条件,即可获得搅拌时间最少、所需容积最省的设计方案;
(2)提出了新的絮凝聚集模型用于絮凝体等效粒径(等含水率和等沉降速度)的计算,由此导出新的絮体沉降计算公式;
(3)实验证明影响絮体分形维数主要因素是絮凝剂的品种和絮凝剂的投加量。而与水的pH值和搅拌强度无明显关联。实验发现絮体分形维数的大小与絮凝剂投加量成线性关系,随着投加量增大而减小;
(4)应用多因素正交实验方法,确定了絮凝的最佳操作条件。通过实验所获得的结果验证了絮凝搅拌能耗分布最优模式是正确的;
(5)应用CFD方法对絮凝水力条件进行数值模拟。模拟计算所得的能量耗散率ε替代絮凝有效能耗是合理可行的,模拟计算的最佳GT值分布也与本文提出的理论模式相符;
(6)本文提出的絮凝沉降实验装置、絮体图像处理和分形维数计算的方法,为水处理絮凝技术的研究提供了一种新的测试手段。
本研究通过自制实验装置,对絮凝体进行实时动态观测和测定,得出以下创新点: (1)提出絮凝搅拌能耗分布理论优化模式,并进行了实验验证,可以作为絮凝
池设计的基本依据;
(2)借助所提出的絮凝聚集模型假设,提出了可以进行含水率(孔隙率)计算的公式,并导出新的絮体沉降公式,对传统沉淀理论的颗粒沉速公式做出了改进。
Flocculation mixing energy distribution is the key problem of a flocculation reasonable design.In recent years,many research achievements have been made on flocculating rationalization design by means of flocculation dynamics theory, but so far the optimal allocation of flocculation stirring energy consumption can only rely on experience, has yet not seen theoretical instructions and related reports. Therefore, this paper combined theoretical model exploration and specialized experiment method to make in-depth study on related subject, undoubtedly having good theory and technology value。
In order to reach the new 1 NTU turbidity standard of drinking water quality in China, considering the technical and economic conditions of the majority of water supply plant in the small and medium-sized town, aiming at the influence of the flow pattern on the water treatment effect in the flocculation process and problems existing in the engineering design, This project is supported by the mathematical derivation of existing empirical formula and predecessor's experimental data, the coagulation optimal turbidity range and synergies of the factors influencing flocculants body forming were studied by the beaker experiments. Taking the numerical simulation of the flow pattern within the stirring containers as the main contents, the theoretical analysis and experimental research are combined to explore the best coagulation control conditions, and then develop technical renovation experimental methods for coagulation facilities of waterworks in small and medium-sized town. Flocculation mixing energy consumption assignment problem is the key problem for reasonable design of flocculation tank, but at present the project design can only rely on experience, i. e., adopting design specification experience data, lacking corresponding theoretical support, therefore, this area was discussed as the core of this thesis.The specific content is as follows:
(1) The theory optimal models for flocculation energy consumption have been conducted;Thereunto,γis model parameters of flocculants body fractal dimension, mainly relevant to flocculants varieties and dosing quantity. This type expressed numerical scale relation between three gears flocculation stir intensity in the shortest total stirring time. Then we get four ratio calculation formulas for energy distribution optimization of flocculation reaction pool. For the any two, developing flocculation reaction pool water force mixing conditions, design proposal can be achieved at the least whisking time and the most province capacity;
(2) The new flocculation condensed set model has been presented to calculate the flocculation body equivalent size (equivalent low moisture content and sedimentation rate); the new flocculent body settlement formula has been derived;
(3) Experiments prove themain factors affecting flocculent body fractal dimension is the varieties and coagulants and the dose, without obvious correlation with the water pH value and stir intensity. Experiments have found the size of flocculent body fractal dimension is linear with the dose of coagulant, decreases with dosing quantity; the more the dose, the smaller the size of flocculent body fractal dimension;
(4) The optimum operating conditions for flocculation has been got through the multi-factors orthogonal experiments. Experimental results have proved the correctness of the optimal pattern;
(5) The numerical simulation of flocculation of hydraulic conditions was made by means of CFD method. The simulation shows it is reasonable to substitute energy dissipation rateεfor flocculation effective energy consumption,the best GT value distribution conforms to theory model proposed by this thesis;
(6) The proposed flocculating sedimentation experiment device, flocculent body image processing and fractal dimension calculation methods provides a new means for flocculation technology research in water treatment.
Through self-made experiment device, we made real-time dynamic observation and determination of flocculation body .The conclusions are as follows:
(1) Energy distribution theory model was put forward and validated by experiments, serving as basic basis for flocculating design;
(2) Flocculent collection model was presented, which can undertake moisture content (porosity) calculation, and the new flocculent settlement formulas were derived to make improvements of particles sinking velocity formula in the traditional precipitated theory.
为了实现我国新的生活饮用水水质1 NTU浊度标准,考虑到我国大多数中小城镇水厂的技术经济条件,针对工程设计中存在的问题和絮凝过程中水流流态对水处理效果影响,本课题利用已有的经验公式和前人的实验数据进行数学推导,对絮凝最优浊度范围及絮体形成的影响因素之间的协同作用规律进行了研究;并对搅拌容器内水流流态的数值模拟作为研究的主要内容,探索最佳絮凝控制条件,并制定出中小城镇水厂絮凝设施技术改造的实验方法。本文核心即是在这方面进行了探讨。具体内容如下:
(1)本文推导获得搅拌能耗优化分布的理论模式,其中γ值是与絮体分形维数有关的模型参数,主要与絮凝剂品种和投加量有关。该式表达了在总搅拌时间最短时的相邻的三档絮凝搅拌强度之间的数值比例关系。并据此得到絮凝反应池搅拌能耗分布优化的四个比例计算式,应用其中任意两个来拟定絮凝反应池水力搅拌条件,即可获得搅拌时间最少、所需容积最省的设计方案;
(2)提出了新的絮凝聚集模型用于絮凝体等效粒径(等含水率和等沉降速度)的计算,由此导出新的絮体沉降计算公式;
(3)实验证明影响絮体分形维数主要因素是絮凝剂的品种和絮凝剂的投加量。而与水的pH值和搅拌强度无明显关联。实验发现絮体分形维数的大小与絮凝剂投加量成线性关系,随着投加量增大而减小;
(4)应用多因素正交实验方法,确定了絮凝的最佳操作条件。通过实验所获得的结果验证了絮凝搅拌能耗分布最优模式是正确的;
(5)应用CFD方法对絮凝水力条件进行数值模拟。模拟计算所得的能量耗散率ε替代絮凝有效能耗是合理可行的,模拟计算的最佳GT值分布也与本文提出的理论模式相符;
(6)本文提出的絮凝沉降实验装置、絮体图像处理和分形维数计算的方法,为水处理絮凝技术的研究提供了一种新的测试手段。
本研究通过自制实验装置,对絮凝体进行实时动态观测和测定,得出以下创新点: (1)提出絮凝搅拌能耗分布理论优化模式,并进行了实验验证,可以作为絮凝
池设计的基本依据;
(2)借助所提出的絮凝聚集模型假设,提出了可以进行含水率(孔隙率)计算的公式,并导出新的絮体沉降公式,对传统沉淀理论的颗粒沉速公式做出了改进。
Flocculation mixing energy distribution is the key problem of a flocculation reasonable design.In recent years,many research achievements have been made on flocculating rationalization design by means of flocculation dynamics theory, but so far the optimal allocation of flocculation stirring energy consumption can only rely on experience, has yet not seen theoretical instructions and related reports. Therefore, this paper combined theoretical model exploration and specialized experiment method to make in-depth study on related subject, undoubtedly having good theory and technology value。
In order to reach the new 1 NTU turbidity standard of drinking water quality in China, considering the technical and economic conditions of the majority of water supply plant in the small and medium-sized town, aiming at the influence of the flow pattern on the water treatment effect in the flocculation process and problems existing in the engineering design, This project is supported by the mathematical derivation of existing empirical formula and predecessor's experimental data, the coagulation optimal turbidity range and synergies of the factors influencing flocculants body forming were studied by the beaker experiments. Taking the numerical simulation of the flow pattern within the stirring containers as the main contents, the theoretical analysis and experimental research are combined to explore the best coagulation control conditions, and then develop technical renovation experimental methods for coagulation facilities of waterworks in small and medium-sized town. Flocculation mixing energy consumption assignment problem is the key problem for reasonable design of flocculation tank, but at present the project design can only rely on experience, i. e., adopting design specification experience data, lacking corresponding theoretical support, therefore, this area was discussed as the core of this thesis.The specific content is as follows:
(1) The theory optimal models for flocculation energy consumption have been conducted;Thereunto,γis model parameters of flocculants body fractal dimension, mainly relevant to flocculants varieties and dosing quantity. This type expressed numerical scale relation between three gears flocculation stir intensity in the shortest total stirring time. Then we get four ratio calculation formulas for energy distribution optimization of flocculation reaction pool. For the any two, developing flocculation reaction pool water force mixing conditions, design proposal can be achieved at the least whisking time and the most province capacity;
(2) The new flocculation condensed set model has been presented to calculate the flocculation body equivalent size (equivalent low moisture content and sedimentation rate); the new flocculent body settlement formula has been derived;
(3) Experiments prove themain factors affecting flocculent body fractal dimension is the varieties and coagulants and the dose, without obvious correlation with the water pH value and stir intensity. Experiments have found the size of flocculent body fractal dimension is linear with the dose of coagulant, decreases with dosing quantity; the more the dose, the smaller the size of flocculent body fractal dimension;
(4) The optimum operating conditions for flocculation has been got through the multi-factors orthogonal experiments. Experimental results have proved the correctness of the optimal pattern;
(5) The numerical simulation of flocculation of hydraulic conditions was made by means of CFD method. The simulation shows it is reasonable to substitute energy dissipation rateεfor flocculation effective energy consumption,the best GT value distribution conforms to theory model proposed by this thesis;
(6) The proposed flocculating sedimentation experiment device, flocculent body image processing and fractal dimension calculation methods provides a new means for flocculation technology research in water treatment.
Through self-made experiment device, we made real-time dynamic observation and determination of flocculation body .The conclusions are as follows:
(1) Energy distribution theory model was put forward and validated by experiments, serving as basic basis for flocculating design;
(2) Flocculent collection model was presented, which can undertake moisture content (porosity) calculation, and the new flocculent settlement formulas were derived to make improvements of particles sinking velocity formula in the traditional precipitated theory.
引文
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