忽地笑植物中加兰他敏生物碱的提取和定位研究
摘要
石蒜属植物在我国分布的种类最多,约为该属的四分之一。石蒜属植物除具有较高的观赏价值外,其所含丰富的生物碱也得到广泛应用,尤其是加兰他敏生物碱,由于近年来临床用于老年痴呆病症早、中期的治疗而成为研究热点。
本研究主要以忽地笑为试验材料,分别采用索氏提取、稀酸溶液提取、超声波辅助提取、微波辅助提取和超临界提取法对忽地笑中的加兰他敏生物碱进行提取,并对各提取方法进行了优化;比较了不同优化提取方法提取忽地笑中对加兰他敏提取效果;比较不同种源地忽地笑中加兰他敏含量的差异;分析了不同品种石蒜植物中加兰他敏的含量;对忽地笑材料进行了解剖观察;对忽地笑营养器官中的加兰他敏进行了组织化学定、荧光组织定和激光共聚焦技术的定位观察;对忽地笑进行了组织培养研究;对组织培养材料小鳞茎、愈伤组织和再生根进行了切片观察,对其加兰他敏生物碱进行了激光共聚焦定位研究。。主要研究结果如下:
1、比较了各优化提取法提取忽地笑中加兰他敏的得率,以索氏提取最高,其次是超声波和微波辅助提取,酸性水溶液提取率最低;分析了同一植株的根、茎和叶等器官中加兰他敏的含量,其含量是根>鳞茎>叶;比较了不同地理种源地忽地笑中加兰他敏含量的差异,结果显示:湖北产忽地笑加兰他敏含量最高,安徽金寨忽地笑含量最低;对石蒜属植物不同物种加兰他敏的含量进行了分析比较,结果显示:中国石蒜中加兰他敏含量最高,其次是江西石蒜,忽地笑中含量最低。
2、对忽地笑辅助提取液中加兰他敏等成分进行了GC-MS分析,经Xcalibur化学工作站,Nist2000标准质谱图库及人工图谱检索,共鉴定出8个化合物;对不同地理种源地的石蒜属植物的HPLC图谱数据进行聚类分析比较。
3、对忽地笑营养器官切片进行了显微观察;以钼酸钠的浓硫酸溶液为显色剂对忽地笑的鳞叶切片进行了组织化学定位观察;选取340–360nm的范围波长为激发光,发射波长范围确定在430–500nm,对忽地笑的营养器官中的加兰他敏荧光显微观察;激光共聚焦显微技术对忽地笑营养器官中的加兰他敏进行了定位研究。
4、对石蒜属植物的离体培养进行了初步尝试,并运用激光共聚焦显微技术对离体培养的小鳞茎、愈伤组织中的加兰他敏进行了定性分析,检测证明离体培养技术用于生产加兰他敏提取原料的可行性。
本文通过对石蒜属植物中加兰他敏进行提取、定位和离体培养物提取加兰他敏可行性进行了研究,取得的结果可以为石蒜属植物资源利用等方面的研究提供基础和参考。
About one quarter of Lycoris species are mainly distributed in China. In addition to a high ornamental value, it contains a wealth of alkaloids which has been widely applied. Recently, galanthamine alkaloids extracted from Lycoris has been used in clinical treatment of the early and medium-term Alzheimer's disease.
In this paper, lycoris aurea is taken as experimental material to extract galanthamine by using methods including Soxhlet extraction, diluted acid solution, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, with each method being optimized. The paper also makes a comparison of effects of various optimized extraction methods and the difference of galanthamine content in the aurea from different origins. The paper analyzes the galanthamine content in the varieties of lycoris plants. The dissection of the aurea is carried out for further observation, and histochemistry location is conducted to observe the galanthamine contained in the scale leaf of the aurea. In this paper, fluorescence microscope technology is adopted to observe the sliced roots, scale leaf and lamina of the aurea, and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) is adopted to observe the sliced bulblet, callus and regenerated roots obtained using tissue culture, in addition to the location of galanthamine for further observation.
The main results are as follows:
The extraction methods were compared: the Optimal method was Soxhlet extraction, the next methods was Ultrasonic-Assisted extractuion and Microwave-Assisted extraction, The least effective method was the Diluted acid.The galanthamine content in the root, stem and leaf were analysed, and the results showed the content in the root > stem >leaf. The galanthamine content which from different geographical provenances were compared: the hightest in aurea was from Hubei, the lowest was from Anhui Jinzhai. The content of different varieties were compared too: the hightest was L.chinensis Traub, the next was the L.radiata(L’her)Herb, the lowest was aruea.
2. The composition of aurea extraction was analysed by GC-MS. 8 Compounds were Identified by Xcalibur chemical workstation, Nist standard MS Gallery and helped with artificial search, the data obtained by HPLC for different provenaces were analyzed.
3. Vegetative organ of aurea were observed of by microscopy; the Slice of aurea were observed by Frode regent, the distribution of galanthamine in the tissue of Golden lycoris were localized: 340-360nm as the excitation,430-500 as the emission light, the distribution of galanthamine were observed Using fluorescence microscopy. The location fo galanthamine were studied by LSCM.
4. An attempt to culture in vitro of Golden lycoris was conducted. Using of confocal laser technology, the content of galantamine was qualitative. The result proved that vitro technology for the production of raw materials for extracting galantamine was feasible.
This paper addresses the feasibility of extraction and location of galanthamine in lycoris plants as well as the extraction of galanthamine from isolated culture products, and the results may provide basis and reference for the research on the use of lycoris plants resources.
本研究主要以忽地笑为试验材料,分别采用索氏提取、稀酸溶液提取、超声波辅助提取、微波辅助提取和超临界提取法对忽地笑中的加兰他敏生物碱进行提取,并对各提取方法进行了优化;比较了不同优化提取方法提取忽地笑中对加兰他敏提取效果;比较不同种源地忽地笑中加兰他敏含量的差异;分析了不同品种石蒜植物中加兰他敏的含量;对忽地笑材料进行了解剖观察;对忽地笑营养器官中的加兰他敏进行了组织化学定、荧光组织定和激光共聚焦技术的定位观察;对忽地笑进行了组织培养研究;对组织培养材料小鳞茎、愈伤组织和再生根进行了切片观察,对其加兰他敏生物碱进行了激光共聚焦定位研究。。主要研究结果如下:
1、比较了各优化提取法提取忽地笑中加兰他敏的得率,以索氏提取最高,其次是超声波和微波辅助提取,酸性水溶液提取率最低;分析了同一植株的根、茎和叶等器官中加兰他敏的含量,其含量是根>鳞茎>叶;比较了不同地理种源地忽地笑中加兰他敏含量的差异,结果显示:湖北产忽地笑加兰他敏含量最高,安徽金寨忽地笑含量最低;对石蒜属植物不同物种加兰他敏的含量进行了分析比较,结果显示:中国石蒜中加兰他敏含量最高,其次是江西石蒜,忽地笑中含量最低。
2、对忽地笑辅助提取液中加兰他敏等成分进行了GC-MS分析,经Xcalibur化学工作站,Nist2000标准质谱图库及人工图谱检索,共鉴定出8个化合物;对不同地理种源地的石蒜属植物的HPLC图谱数据进行聚类分析比较。
3、对忽地笑营养器官切片进行了显微观察;以钼酸钠的浓硫酸溶液为显色剂对忽地笑的鳞叶切片进行了组织化学定位观察;选取340–360nm的范围波长为激发光,发射波长范围确定在430–500nm,对忽地笑的营养器官中的加兰他敏荧光显微观察;激光共聚焦显微技术对忽地笑营养器官中的加兰他敏进行了定位研究。
4、对石蒜属植物的离体培养进行了初步尝试,并运用激光共聚焦显微技术对离体培养的小鳞茎、愈伤组织中的加兰他敏进行了定性分析,检测证明离体培养技术用于生产加兰他敏提取原料的可行性。
本文通过对石蒜属植物中加兰他敏进行提取、定位和离体培养物提取加兰他敏可行性进行了研究,取得的结果可以为石蒜属植物资源利用等方面的研究提供基础和参考。
About one quarter of Lycoris species are mainly distributed in China. In addition to a high ornamental value, it contains a wealth of alkaloids which has been widely applied. Recently, galanthamine alkaloids extracted from Lycoris has been used in clinical treatment of the early and medium-term Alzheimer's disease.
In this paper, lycoris aurea is taken as experimental material to extract galanthamine by using methods including Soxhlet extraction, diluted acid solution, ultrasonic-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction, with each method being optimized. The paper also makes a comparison of effects of various optimized extraction methods and the difference of galanthamine content in the aurea from different origins. The paper analyzes the galanthamine content in the varieties of lycoris plants. The dissection of the aurea is carried out for further observation, and histochemistry location is conducted to observe the galanthamine contained in the scale leaf of the aurea. In this paper, fluorescence microscope technology is adopted to observe the sliced roots, scale leaf and lamina of the aurea, and Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope (LSCM) is adopted to observe the sliced bulblet, callus and regenerated roots obtained using tissue culture, in addition to the location of galanthamine for further observation.
The main results are as follows:
The extraction methods were compared: the Optimal method was Soxhlet extraction, the next methods was Ultrasonic-Assisted extractuion and Microwave-Assisted extraction, The least effective method was the Diluted acid.The galanthamine content in the root, stem and leaf were analysed, and the results showed the content in the root > stem >leaf. The galanthamine content which from different geographical provenances were compared: the hightest in aurea was from Hubei, the lowest was from Anhui Jinzhai. The content of different varieties were compared too: the hightest was L.chinensis Traub, the next was the L.radiata(L’her)Herb, the lowest was aruea.
2. The composition of aurea extraction was analysed by GC-MS. 8 Compounds were Identified by Xcalibur chemical workstation, Nist standard MS Gallery and helped with artificial search, the data obtained by HPLC for different provenaces were analyzed.
3. Vegetative organ of aurea were observed of by microscopy; the Slice of aurea were observed by Frode regent, the distribution of galanthamine in the tissue of Golden lycoris were localized: 340-360nm as the excitation,430-500 as the emission light, the distribution of galanthamine were observed Using fluorescence microscopy. The location fo galanthamine were studied by LSCM.
4. An attempt to culture in vitro of Golden lycoris was conducted. Using of confocal laser technology, the content of galantamine was qualitative. The result proved that vitro technology for the production of raw materials for extracting galantamine was feasible.
This paper addresses the feasibility of extraction and location of galanthamine in lycoris plants as well as the extraction of galanthamine from isolated culture products, and the results may provide basis and reference for the research on the use of lycoris plants resources.
引文
1 <中国药典>第二部[B].化学工业出版社, 2005.
2 Abdallah O. Minor alkaloids from Lycoris sanguinea[J]. Phytochemistry, 1995,39(2):477-478.
3 Abdallah OM. Minor alkaloids from Lycoris sanguinea[J]. Phytochemistry, 1995,39(2):477-478.
4 Abou-Donia A, Toaima S, Hammoda H, Shawky E. New rapid validated HPTLC method for the determination of galanthamine in Amaryllidaceae plant extracts[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2008,19(4):353-358.
5 Abou-Donia AH, Toaima SM, Hammoda HM, Shawky E. New rapid validated HPTLC method for the determination of galanthamine in Amaryllidaceae plant extracts[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2008,19(4):353-358.
6 Alan W-M, Michael F-F, Charles L-G. Systematics of Amaryllidaceae based on cladictic analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-F sequence data[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1999,86(9):1325-1345.
7 Andr¨￠s G. Microwave extraction:: A novel sample preparation method for chromatography[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1986,371:299-306.
8 Arzamastsev A, Sadchikova N, Titova A. Current state of IR spectroscopy applied to pharmaceutical analysis[J]. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 2008,42(8):466-470.
9 Atanas P, Strahil B, Eric C, Tatiana G, Dimka T, Bojidara P, Milen G, Vasil G, Stanislav Y, Monique B, Ilieva. M. Galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivum in vitro systems[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2007,42:734-739.
10 Aurélie U, Andrew M, Emerson FQ, Karine N, Kurt H. Xanthones from Gentiana campestris as New Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors[J]. Planta Med, 2004(70):1011-1014.
11 Bastos J, Xu L, Nanayakkara N, Burandt Jr C, Moraes-Cerdeira R, McChesneys J. A Rapid Quantitative Method for the Analysis of Galanthamine and Other Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography[J]. J. Nat. Prod, 1996,59(6):638-640.
12 Bastos JK, Xu L, Dhammika Nanayakkara NP, Burandt CL, Moraes-Cerdeira RM, McChesney JD. A Rapid Quantitative Method for the Analysis of Galanthamine and Other Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography?[J]. Journal of Natural Products, 1996,59(6):638-640.
13 Bergo?ón S, Codina C, Bastida J, Viladomat F, MeléE. Galanthamine production in“shoot-clump”cultures of Narcissus confusus in liquid-shake medium[J]. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1996,45(3):191-199.
14 Berkov S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Analysis of galanthamine-type alkaloids by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in plants[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2008,19(4):285-293.
15 Berkov S, Sidjimova B, Evstatieva L, Popov S. Intraspecific variability in the alkaloid metabolism of Galanthus elwesii[J]. Phytochemistry, 2004,65(5):579-586.
16 Bilge, Scedil, ener, Orhan I, Satayavivad J. Antimalarial activity screening of some alkaloids and the plant extracts from Amaryllidaceae[J]. Phytotherapy Research, 2003,17(10):1220-1223.
17 Brachet A, Christen P, Veuthey J. Focused microwave-assisted extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from coca leaves[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2002,13(3):162-169.
18 COE F, ANDERSON G. Screening of medicinal plants used by the garifuna of eastern Nicaragua for bioactive compounds[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 1996,53(1):29-50.
19 Colque R, Viladomat F, Bastida J, Codina C. Improved Production of Galanthamine and Related Alkaloids by Methyl Jasmonate in Narcissus confusus Shoot-Clumps[J]. Planta Medica, 2004(12):1180-1188.
20 CORSI G, BIASCI D. Secretory structures and localization of alkaloids in Conium maculatum L.(Apiaceae)[J]. Ann bot., 1998,81(1):157-162.
21 de Jong C, Derks R, Bruyneel B, Niessen W, Irth H. High-performance liquid chromatography-massspectrometry-based acetylcholinesterase assay for the screening of inhibitors in natural extracts[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2006,1112(1-2):303-310.
22 de Jong CF, Derks RJE, Bruyneel B, Niessen W, Irth H. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based acetylcholinesterase assay for the screening of inhibitors in natural extracts[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2006,1112(1-2):303-310.
23 Diop MF, Hehn A, Ptak A, tien FC, Doerper S, Gontier E, Bourgaud F, Henry M, Chapleur Y, Laurain-Mattar D. Hairy root and tissue cultures of Leucojum aestivum L.—relationships to galanthamine content[J]. Phytochem Rev, 2007,6:137–141.
24 Eichhorn J, Takada T, Kita Y, Zenk M. Biosynthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid Galanthaminefn2[J]. Phytochemistry, 1998,49(4):1037-1047.
25 Eichhorn J, Takada T, Kita Y, Zenk MH. Biosynthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid Galanthamine[J]. Phytochemistry, 1998,49(4):1037-1047.
26 Eichhorn J, Takada T, Kita Y, Zenk MH. Biosynthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid Galanthamine[J]. Phytochemistry, 1998,49:1037-1047.
27 ElKhori S, ParéJRJ, Bélanger JMR, Pérez E. The microwave-assisted process (MAPTM1): Extraction and determination of fat from cocoa powder and cocoa nibs[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2007,79(3):1110-1114.
28 El-Sayed M, Verpoorte R. Effect of phytohormones on growth and alkaloid accumulation by a Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures fed with alkaloid precursors tryptamine and loganin[J]. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2002,68(3):265-270.
29 Fulzele DP, Satdive RK. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin from Nothapodytes foetida[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2005,1063(1-2):9-13.
30 FURR M, MAHLBER GPG. Histochemical analyses of laticifers and glandular trichomes in Cannabis sativa[J]. J nat. prod 1981,44(2):153-159.
31 Gorinova N, Atanassov A, Stojanov D. Characteristics of natural growing areas for Leucojum aestivum L. in Bulgaria based on chemical composition of plants[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1995,18(8):1705-1710.
32 Gorinova N, Atanassov A, Stojanov D, Tencheva J. Influence of chemical composition of soils on the galanthamine content in Levcojum aestivum[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1993,16(9):1631-1636.
33 Gotti R, Fiori J, Bartolini M, Cavrini V. Analysis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Narcissus by GC-MS and capillary electrophoresis[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2006,42(1):17-24.
34 Harvey A. The pharmacology of galanthamine and its analogues[J]. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1995,68(1):113-128.
35 Harvey AL. The pharmacology of galanthamine and its analogues[J]. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1995,68(1):113-128.
36 I.Yu.Novikova, A.A.Tulaganov. Structure of Chemical compounds, Methods of Analysis and Process control[J]. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 2002,36(11):623-627.
37 Ingkaninan K, de Best CM, van der Heijden R, Hofte AJP, Karabatak B, Irth H, Tjaden UR, van der Greef J, Verpoorte R. High-performance liquid chromatography with on-line coupled UV, mass spectrometric and biochemical detection for identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from natural products[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2000,872(1-2):61-73.
38 J ger A, Fennell C, Adsersen A. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition of Crinum sp[J]. South African Journal of Botany, 2004,70(2):323-325.
39 Jairo K Bastos, Li Xu N.P, Dhammika Nanayakkara NP, Charles L Burandt et al. A Rapid Quantitative Method for the Analysis of Galanthamine and other Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids by Capillary Column GasChromatography[J]. J. Nat. Prod. , 1996(59):638-640.
40 Jeffs P W , A rch ieW C, Hawk s R L et al. Bio synthesis of mesembrine and related alkaloids1 The amino acid precursors[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1971, 93:151.
41 Jocelyn Par¨| J, B¨|langer J, Stafford S. Microwave-assisted process (MAP (TM)): a new tool for the analytical laboratory[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 1994,13(4):176-184.
42 Jones N, Bernardo-Gil M, Lourenco M. Comparison of methods for extraction of tobacco alkaloids[J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2001,84(2):309-316.
43 Kreh M, Matusch R, Witte L. Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids[J]. Phytochemistry, 1995,38(3):773-776.
44 Liu Wen-Zhe. Secretor Structures and Their Relationship to Accumulation of Camphothecin in Camptotheca acuminate (Nyssaceae) [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica. 2004, 46(10):1242-1248
45 L¨?pez S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and Narcissus extracts[J]. Life Sciences, 2002,71(21):2521-2529.
46 Lopez S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Galanthamine pattern in Narcissus confusus plants[J]. Planta medica, 2003,69(12):1166-1168.
47 López S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and Narcissus extracts[J]. Life Sciences, 2002,71(21):2521-2529.
48 Lopez-Avila V, Young R, Teplitsky N. Microwave-assisted extraction as an alternative to Soxhlet, sonication, and supercritical fluid extraction[J]. Journal of AOAC International, 1996,79(1):142-156.
49 Lovkova M, Buzuk G, Sokolova S, Buzuk L. Role of elements and physiologically active compounds in the regulation of synthesis and accumulation of indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus L[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005,41(3):299-305.
50 Lovkova MY, Buzuk GN, Sokolova SM, Buzuk LN. Role of elements and physiologically active compounds in the regulation of synthesis and accumulation of indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus L[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005,41(3):299-305.
51 Nury R, Matilde G, oacute, mez, Medina JD. Search for Bioactive Alkaloids in Hymenocallis Species[J]. Pharmaceutical Biology (Formerly International Journal of Pharmacognosy), 2004,42:280-285.
52 Orhan I, Sener B. Bioactivity-directed fractionation of alkaloids from some amaryllidaceae plants and their anticholinesterase activity[J]. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2003,39(4):383-386.
53 Pank E, Kim C, Yoo S, Pank Y. Studies on wild Lycoris radiata Herb. III. Artificial propagation[J]. Journal of Korean Society for Horticultural Science, 1988,29:232-246.
54 Pare J, Sigouin M, Lapointe J. Microwave-assisted natural products extraction. In: Google Patents; 1991.
55 Pavlov A, Berkov S, Courot E, Gocheva T, Tuneva D, Pandova B, Georgiev M, Georgiev V, Yanev S, Burrus M, Ilieva M. Galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivum in vitro systems[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2007,42(4):734-739.
56 Poulev A, Deus-Neumann B, Zenk M. Enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of galanthamine[J]. Planta medica, 1993,59:442-442.
57 Poutaraud A, Girardin P. Influence of chemical characteristics of soil on mineral and alkaloid seed contents of Colchicum autumnale[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2005,54(2):101-108.
58 Q. M. Ru, L. R. Zhang, J. D. Chen, Z. M. Pei ea. Microwave-assisted Extraction and identification of Polysaccharide from Lycoris aurea[J]. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2009,45(4):474-477.
59 R.Gotti, J.Fiori, M. Bartolini, V.Cavrini. Analysis if Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Narcissur by GC-MS and capillary electrophoresis[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2006(42):17-24.
60 Raúl Colque, Francesc Viladomat, Jaume Bastida, Carles Codina. Improved Production of Galanthamine and Related Alkaloids by Methyl Jasminate in Narcissus confuses Shoot -Clumps[J]. Planta med., 2004(70):1180-1188.
61 Rhee I, van de Meent M, Ingkaninan K, Verpoorte R. Screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Amaryllidaceae using silica gel thin-layer chromatography in combination with bioactivity staining[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2001,915(1-2):217-223.
62 Selles M, Bergonon S, Viladomat F, Bastida J , C. C. Effect of sucrose on growth and galanthamine production in shoot-clumps cultures of Narcissus confuses in liquid shake medium[J]. Plant Cell. Tissue Organ Cult, 1997(49):129-138.
63 Selles M, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Quantitative evaluation of galanthamine and related alkaloids in wild plants and tissue cultures of Narcissus confusus by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Analusis, 1997,25(5):156-158.
64 Sellés M, Viladomat F, Bastida J, Codina C. Callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in Narcissus confusus: correlation between the state of differentiation and the content of galanthamine and related alkaloids[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 1999,18(7):646-651.
65 Sokolova SM, Buzuk GN, Lovkova MY, Tyutekin YV. Membranotropic Compounds and Alkaloid Accumulation in Plants[J]. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2005,402(1):220-222.
66 Stanilova M, Ilcheva V, Zagorska N. Morphogenetic potential and in vitro micropropagation of endangered plant species Leucojum aestivum L. and Lilium rhodopaeum Delip[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 1994,13(8):451-453.
67 Susnan Lòpez, Jaume Bastida, Francesc Viladomat, Carles Codine. Solid-phase Extraction and Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography of the Five Major Alkaloids in Narcissus confuses[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2002(13):311-315.
68 Tanahashi T, Poulev A, Zenk M. Radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of galanthamine[J]. Planta Med, 1990,56(1):77-81.
69 Tenchva J, Yambolie V, Zhivkova Z. Reverse-phased liquid chromatography for the determination of galanthamine and its metabolites in human plasma and urine[J]. J Chromatogr, 1987,421(2):396.
70 Tsakadze DM, Samsoniya SA, Ziaev R, Abdusamatov A. Alkaloid and phenolic compounds of Galanthus caucasicus, Magnolia obovata, Cocculus laurifolius, and Veratrum lobelianum grown in Georgia[J]. Molecular Diversity, 2005,9(1):41-44.
71 Wang L, Weller C. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2006,17(6):300-312.
72 Wang L, Weller CL. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2006,17(6):300-312.
73 Zhang F, Chen B, Xiao S, Yao S. Optimization and comparison of different extraction techniques for sanguinarine and chelerythrine in fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2005,42(3):283-290.
74曹日强,傅庭治,朱汝幸,费厚满.钾对水仙生物碱形成的影响[J].南京大学学报数学半年刊, 1984(02):321-326.
75曹日强,沈恒冠,徐梦华,董建国.中国水仙中伪石蒜碱、石蒜碱的动态变化及其薄层定量[J].植物生理学报, 1979,5(1):27-34.
76曹小勇.石蒜鳞茎中氨基酸和矿质元素的含量分析[J].中国野生植物资源, 2005,24(3):48-49.
77晁志,王厄舟,周秀佳.益母草药材中生物碱含量与产地生态环境的关系[J].第一军医大学学报, 2000,20(6):504-506.
78陈业高.植物化学成分[B]. 2004.
79丁亚平,杨道,吴庆生,于力文,徐云鹃.安徽霍山三种石斛总生物碱的测定及其分布规律研究[J].安徽农业大学学报, 1994,21(4):503-506.
80董庆华,田惠桥.石蒜的组织培养[J].植物生理学通讯, 1995,31(3):204.
81杜甫佑,肖小华,李攻科.离子液体微波辅助萃取石蒜中生物碱的研究[J].分析化学, 2007,35(11):1570-1574.
82范华均,李攻科,栾伟蔡沛祥.微波溶样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定石蒜中的镉铬铅[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2005,25(9):1503-1506.
83范华均,林广欣,肖小华,李攻科.微波辅助提取石蒜和虎杖中的动力学机理[J].分析化学, 2006,34(9):1260-1264.
84范华均,林广欣,肖小华,李攻科.微波辅助提取石蒜和虎杖中的热力学机理研究[J].高等学校化学学报, 2006,27(12):2271-2276.
85范华均,栾伟,李攻科.微波辅助提取/HPLC分析石蒜中的生物碱[J].分析测试学报, 2006,25(3):27～30.
86范华均,肖小华,李攻科.微波辅助提取石蒜和虎杖中的动力学模型[J].高等学校化学学报, 2007,28(6):1049-1054.
87范华均,肖小华,刘玉竹,李攻科.微波辐射溶剂回流法提取石蒜中石蒜碱、力可拉敏和加兰他敏[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,45(3):46-50.
88范美华,周吉源.不同培养条件对半夏悬浮培养细胞生长及总生物碱形成的影响[J].云南植物研究, 2004,26(6):656-660.
89范志刚,张玉萍,孙燕,匡丽萍,杨莉斌.微波技术对麻黄中麻黄碱浸出量影响[J].中成药, 2000,22(7):520-521.
90方芳.黄酮类天然药物治疗糖病及其迸发症研究进展[J].中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学、医学版), 2007,28(1):39-44.
91方玲.氢溴酸加兰他敏片剂的制备及质量控制[J].中国临床药学杂志, 2001,10(6):381-383.
92方玲,郝素娥,叶铭龙.紫外分光光度法测定氢溴酸片的含量及含量均匀度[J].上海医药, 1998,19(9):35.
93冯建灿,张玉洁,张秋娟,李秋玲,胡湛.干旱胁迫与抗蒸腾剂对喜树几项生理指标及喜树碱含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报, 2002,36(2):138-143.
94冯年平,范广平,吴春兰,韩朝阳.微波萃取技术在中药提取中的应用[J].世界科学技术-中药现代化, 2002,4(2):49-52.
95冯育林,谢平,孙叶兵,吴蓓.中药提取工艺应用进展[J].中药材, 2002,25(12):908-911.
96冯自立.微波萃取新技术在国医药领域的应用进展[J].临床医学, 2006,19(10):1889-1892.
97傅荣杰,冯怡.微波萃取技术在中药及天然产物提取中的应用[J].中国中药杂志, 2003,28(9):804-807.
98傅若农.近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展[J].分析实验室, 2003,24(2):79-92.
99傅若农.近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展(Ⅰ)[J].分析实验室, 2005,24(4):79-92.
100傅若农.近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展(Ⅱ)[J].分析实验室, 2005,24(5):79-92.
101傅若农.近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展(Ⅲ)[J].分析实验室, 2005,24(6):79-92.
102高正航,李卫东.长春花生物碱类药物研究概述[J].贵州农业科学, 2005,33(6):94-96.
103葛发欢,史庆龙,许静芬.超临界CO2萃取益母草总生物碱[J].中药材, 2001,24(006):415-415.
104耿中峰,吕惠生,张敏华.石蒜中加兰他敏提取的超临界CO2萃取工艺研究[J].中草药, 2008,39(4):543-546.
105郭孝武.超声技术在提取中药碱类成分中的应用[J].世界科学技术-中药现代化, 2002,4(3):59-63.
106郭孝武.超声提取与常规提取对部分中药碱类成分提取率的比较[J].世界科学技术-中药现代化, 2002,4(5):59-63.
107韩建萍,梁宗锁,王敬民.矿质元素与根类中草药根系生长发育及有效成累积的关系[J].植物生理学通讯, 2003,39(1):78-82.
108郝金玉,韩伟,邓修.新鲜银杏叶经微波辅助提取后微观结构的变化[J].中草药, 2002,33(8):739-741.
109何树兰,束晓春,姚表菊,夏冰.石蒜的组织培养[J].江苏林业科技, 2003,30(4):18-21.
110何树兰,束晓春,姚青菊,夏冰.石蒜的组织培养[J].江苏林业科技, 2003,30(004):18-20.
111洪山海,李静芳,马广恩.石蒜科生物碱的研究Ⅳ.生产工艺及高含量加兰他敏植物的寻找[J].药学通报, 1979,10(8):372-373.
112洪山海,马广恩.石蒜科生物碱的研究Ⅲ.紫花石蒜和其他两种石蒜中的生物碱及新生物碱紫花石蒜碱[J].药学学报, 1964,11(1):1-14.
113胡娟,张莉,闵运江,陈乃东,柳后起,周守标.石蒜生物总碱的提取工艺研究[J].中国林副特产, 2007(4):8-12.
114黄宗春,胡一民.安徽野生石蒜的种质资源及开发利用[J].中国林副特产, 1997(3):46-47.
115贾献慧,周铜水,郑颖,刘汉清.石蒜科植物生物碱成分的药理学研究[J].中医药学刊, 2001,19(6):573-557.
116姜明兰,钟文田.朱顶红愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生[J].植物生理学通讯, 1984,1:37-38.
117姜淑媛,张丽霞,郭延奎.荧光显微分析技术在植物细胞学研究中的应用[J].激光生物学报,2008,17(4):565-569
118金雅琴,黄雪芳,李冬林.江苏石蒜的种质资源及园林用途[J].江苏农专学报, 2003,19(3):17-21.
119靳朝东.用HPLC法快速测定石蒜科植物中的加兰他敏[J].国外医药植物药分册, 2005,20(1):26.
120李俶,倪永年,李莉.槲寄生碱的不同提取方法的研究[J].食品科技, 2006(10):94-98.
121李攻科,杜甫佑,肖小华.微波辅助萃取技术在中药现代化中的应用[J].精细化工, 2007,24(12):1184-1191.
122李惠芬,卢继新,张晓梅,黄志华.五种不同产地天仙子总生物碱的含且分析[J].中草药, 1999,30(8):582-583.
123李霞,熊远福,蒋利华,文祝友,石国荣,张薇.荧光法测定石蒜中加兰他敏含量[J].作物研究, 2006(2):149-150.
124李霞,阎秀峰,刘剑锋.氮素形态对黄檗幼苗三种生物碱含量的影响[J].生态学报, 2005,25(9):2159-2164.
125李晓海,周同惠. HPLC法在生物碱分析中的研究进展[J].中草药, 2002,33(4):368-372.
126李新社,王志兴.溶剂提取和超临界流体萃取百合中的秋水仙碱[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版, 2004,35(002):244-248.
127李亚仲,单宁,吴志平,袁菊红,夏冰.紫外分光光度法测定石蒜鳞茎的总生物碱含量[J].时珍国医国药, 2007,18(7):1695-1696.
128李招文,陈扬春,唐道一.水仙双鳞片繁殖的培养方法和条件研究[J].园艺学报, 1983(01):51-56.
129李招文,唐道一.水仙组织培养的研究[J].园艺学报, 1982,9(4):65-68.
130李子璇,江海,曹小勇,吴三桥,李新生,王玉婷.石蒜植株中加兰他敏的分布与含量测定[J].江苏农业科学, 2009(003):290-292.
131林田,刘灶长,李天菲,郑海柔,罗利军.不同激素配比对红花小鳞茎及茎尖的分化培养的影响[J].上海农业学报, 2006,22(4).
132刘军红,廖国玲.生物碱的提取、分离和纯化研究进展[J].时珍国医国药, 2007,18(5):1230-1231.
133刘敏,舒金生.垂笑君子兰的组织培养[J].园艺学报, 1984,11(1):47-49.
134刘涛.合成工艺的研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文, 2006.
135刘涛,陈新志,杜荣斌,徐国华,安越.加兰他敏的半合成研究[J].化学学报, 2007,65(8):711-714.
136刘涛,钱超,陈新志.外消旋加兰他敏全合成研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版), 2006,40(3):520-523.
138刘文哲,王自芬.喜树幼枝的喜树碱积累及其组织内定位.植物生理与分子生物学学报[J],2004,30(4):405,412
139刘新宇,吴芳,赵斌,李君良.高效液相色谱法测定氢溴酸加兰他敏血药浓度[J].中南药学, 2006,4(3):201-204.
140刘志高,童再康,储家淼,高燕会,张露.乳白石蒜组织培养[J].浙江林学院学报, 2006,23(3):347-350.
141刘钟栋.微波条件下萃取桔皮中果胶的显微观察研究[J].中国食品添加剂, 2006(02):51-53.
142卢旭.生物碱提取技术研究及进展[J].天津化工, 2007,21(3):4-7.
143鲁雪华,陈杨春.忽地笑胚外植体的培养[J].云南植物研究, 1986,8(4):467-469.
144马爱瑛.生物碱的提取与分离[J].固原师专学报(自然科学), 2006,27(3):25-30.
145马广恩.治疗老年性痴呆症的研究概况[J].药学进展, 1998,22(3):153-156.
146马广恩,李惠寅,黄慧珠,颜丽莹,洪山海.石蒜科生物碱的研究Ⅺ.中国石蒜中生物碱和抗癌成分的分离和鉴定[J].中草药, 1987,18(8):6-9.
147聂刘旺,张定成,张海军,张小爱,刘李旺,张克云.安徽产石蒜属植物三种酶同工酶的分析[J].生物学杂志, 2000,17(3):19-22.
148彭菲,钟湘云,谭朝阳,雷思琦,李云耀.黄花石蒜不定根的离体诱导与培养研究[J].湖南中医药大学学报, 2008,28(001):44-45.
149彭菲,钟湘云,潭朝阳,雷思琦,李云耀.黄花石蒜不定根的离体诱导与培养研究[J].湖南中医药大学学报, 2008,28(1):44-45.
150钱南萍. PHLC法测定氢溴酸加兰他敏分散片的含量[J].中国药师, 2003,6(7):430-430.
151秦竹丽,江元汝.超临界萃取技术在生物碱提取中的应用进展[J].化工时刊, 2006,20(7):60-63.
152任秀芳,周守标,郑艳,郭新弧.中国石蒜属植物花粉形态的研究[J].云南植物研究, 1995,17(02):182-186.
153阮龙喜,高茂松,上官衍霞,张桂英,魏俊.石蒜生物碱药品的水浸渍酸性白土吸附法在生产上的应用[J].中草药通讯, 1979(4):10-13.
154阮龙喜,柳月珍.工业上微量测定石蒜科植物中、二氢等生物碱含量的方法[J].中草药通讯, 1976(2):25-26.
155阮淑明.施肥对长春花总生物碱含量的影响[J].安徽农学通报, 2006,12(12):65-66.
156芮海云,吴国荣,陆长海.多糖类生物活性的研究在医药领域的应用[J].淮阴师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2002,1(3):77-80.
157尚宇光,李淑芬,肖鸾.植物中生物碱的提取工艺[J].现代化工, 2002(22):51-74.
158盛束军,徐建中,俞旭平.生长调节剂对益母草总生物碱积累的调控[J].资源开发与市场, 1999,15(5):264-268.
159司天梅,孙丽丽,舒良,张鸿燕.改良高效液相色谱荧光法测定人血浆氢溴酸加兰他敏浓度[J].中国新药杂志, 2003,12(10):842-844.
160司天梅,孙丽丽,张鸿燕,舒良.高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定人血浆中氢溴酸加兰他敏浓度[J].中国临床药理学杂志, 2002,18(1):66-69.
161宋洪杰,李珍,石晶,范国荣,刘涛,计一平.氢溴酸加兰他敏片在健康人体内药代动力学和生物等效性研究[J].中国临床药理学杂志, 2002,18(4):284-286.
162宋洪杰,李珍,石晶,范国荣,刘涛,计一平.人血浆中加兰他敏的HPLC测定及药力学研究[J].中国药学杂志, 2003,38(5):366-368.
163苏波欣,李世,黄荣利,左庆华.施肥对黄芩根部黄芩甙含量的影响[J].中国中药杂志, 1996,21(6):343.
164苏文华,张光飞,李秀华,欧晓昆.植物药材次生代谢产物的积累与环境的关系[J].中草药, 2005,36(9):1415-1418.
165孙秀琴,张凤莲.治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究[J].河南医药信息, 2003,24(4):63.
166汤晓怀,钱南萍,许静,韩素珍.氢溴酸加兰他敏分散片的研究[J].江苏药学与临床研究, 2004,12(3):14-17.
167唐君波,彭六保,崔巍,平静波.加兰他敏市场前景浅析[J].中国药房, 2006,17(22):1690-1692.
168陶曙红,吴凤锷.生态环境对药用植物的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2003,15(2):174-177.
169汪兵,吕惠生,张敏华.超临界CO2提取石蒜预处理工艺研究[J].青岛科技大学学报(自然科学学报), 2007,28(3):212-215.
170王德强.石蒜中生物碱的提取条件优化[J].食品与生物技术学报, 2008,27(6):53-56.
171王光萍,陈英,周坚,张露,黄敏仁.长筒石蒜的鳞片诱导和植物株再生[J].植物生理学通讯, 2005,41(4):457-460.
172王慧春,李毅,王环,徐文华,王莉,张宝琛.光照对水母雪莲愈伤组织合成生物碱的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2002,22(1):69-73.
173王军妮,黄艳红,牟志美,王彦文.植物次生代谢物黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].蚕业科学, 2007,33(003):499-505.
174王立升,张青,黄喜寿,李振坤.加兰他敏中间体的合成工艺[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2009,34(2):164167
175王玲丽,刘文哲.不同种源喜树幼枝中喜树碱的含量[J].植物学通报, 2005,22(5):584-589.
176王仁师.关于石蒜属(Lycoris)的生态地理[J].西南林学学院学报, 1990,10(1):41-48.
177王文杰,张京都,赵长琦.环境条件对伊贝母生物碱含量的影响[J].中药材, 1989,12(2):3-5.
178王燕,许锋,李琳玲,程水源.红花石蒜的组织培养[J].江西农业学报, 2007,19(007):57-59.
179王洋,戴绍军,阎秀峰.光强对喜树幼苗叶片次生代谢产物喜树碱的影响[J].生态学报, 2004,24(6):1118-1122.
180王自芬,刘文哲.不同产地喜树果实中喜树碱及10-羟基喜树碱的差异[J].中草药, 2005,36(5):762-764
181魏会敏,张红杰,胥磊.保定市老年痴呆流行病学调查[J].现代预防医学, 2008,35(5):847-848.
178吴芳丽,李爱珍,毛慧芳. RP-HPLC测定石蒜中加兰他敏的含量[J].中国中药杂志, 2005,30(7):523-525.
182吴彦,周守标,万安.石蒜植物多糖的分离纯化[J].生物学杂志, 2005,22(3):44-46.
183吴彦,周守标,万安.石蒜属植物多糖组成的分析比较研究[J].广西植物, 2005,25(3):264-268.
184吴彦,周守标,万安.石蒜中生物总碱提取条件研究[J].生物学杂志, 2007,24(1):61-63.
185武芸.五鹤续断中总生物碱提取分离工艺的初探[J].进珍国医国药, 2008,19(2):304-305.
186肖观秀.超临界萃取提取石蒜中加兰他敏的工艺研究[D]. 2005.
187肖观秀,吕惠生,张敏华.超临界萃取生物碱研究进展[J].中草药, 2004,35(12):1421-1423.
188肖娅萍,张博,胡雅琴.超声在植物学领域的应用[J].应用声学, 2004,23(5):45-48.
189肖艳,彭菲,王清,刘军.黄花石蒜的组织培养研究[J].湖南中医药大学学报, 2006,26(1):27-28.
190谢峻,谈峰,冯巍,陈斌.石蒜属植物分类鉴别、药用成分及生物技术应用研究进展[J].中草药, 2007,38(12):1902-1905.
191严嘉,童明伟,林崐.超临界CO2萃取在中草药研究中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,28(8):112-116.
192严谨,王明新,陈云雷,马文恩.氢溴酸加兰他敏胶囊溶出度的HPLC测定[J].中国医药工业杂志, 1999,30(12):553-554.
193阎家麒.一种加兰他敏全合成的方法. In:中国; 2004.
194杨青,郑由浒,唐瑞仁.加兰它敏(Galanthamine)的合成方法[J].精细化工中间体,2007,37(2):13-17
195杨郁,黄胜雄,赵毅民,赵勤实,孙汉堂.黄花石蒜中的黄酮类成分[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2005,17(5):539-541.
196杨志玲,谭梓峰,杨旭,钱寿生.施肥对红花石蒜物质积累和分配的影响[J].中南林学院学报, 2006,26(6):150-154.
197于超,张明,王于,罗琴.栽培、野生及不同产生半夏总生物碱测定[J].中国中药杂志, 2004,29(6):583-584.
198喻朝阳,王晓琳.生物碱提取方法与纯化技术应用进展[J].化工进展, 2006,25(3):259-263.
199袁昌齐,刘守炉,姚淦,胡光明.原料植物石蒜调查简报[J].中草药, 1981,12(4):39-40.
200袁菊红,彭峰,冯煦,孙视,何树兰,夏冰.应用HPLC图谱进行石蒜属种间关系与分类研究[J].西北植物学报, 2007,27(11):2195-2201.
201袁勇,黄慧莲,刘贤旺.无机肥料对中药含量的影响[J].江西林业科技, 2000(1):29-30.
202曾建红,彭正松.不同采收期半夏生物碱含量的变化规律[J].中南林学院学报, 2004,24(4):109-112.
203曾建红,彭正松,宋红元,马小军,魏淑红,罗雍.半夏总生物碱含量的动态变化[J].中药材, 2004,27(7):471-473.
204张代佳,刘传斌,修志龙,昌增益.微波技术在植物胞内提取中的应用[J].中草药, 2000,31(9):附5-附6.
205张辅民.石蒜科生物碱crinamine、haemanthidine、pretazettine、tazettine和galanthamine的全合成[D].兰州大学博士论文, 2006.
206张俊梅,马广恩,洪山海.石蒜科生物碱的研究Ⅻ.薄层色谱鉴定和高效液相色谱法测定含量[J].药物分析杂志, 1999,19(6):399.
207张丽萍,陈震,马小军,赵杨景.氮源对黄连植株生长、根茎小檗碱含量的影响[J].中草药, 1995,26(7):387-388.
208张露.南京林业大学研究生博士学位论文[D]. 2002.
209张露,蔡友铭,诸葛强,楼炉焕,邹惠渝,黄敏仁,王明庥.石蒜属种间亲缘关系RAPD分析[J].遗传学报, 2002,29(10):915-921.
210张露,王光萍,曹福亮.石蒜类植物无性繁殖技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002,26(4):1-5.
211张明霞,单宇,冯煦,彭峰.超声辅助提取忽地笑中的工艺研究[J].时珍国医国药, 2008,19(7):1591-1592.
212张明霞,单宇,冯煦,彭峰,江玉梅,王鸣,夏冰.超声辅助提取忽地笑中加兰他敏的工艺研究[J].时珍国医国药, 2008,19(7).
213张松林.氢溴酸加兰他敏分散片的制备及稳定性考察[J].中国药师, 2003,6(8):490-491.
214张涛,蔡建国.生物碱的超临界流体萃取研究进展[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 2003,5(3):41-47.
215张秀省,张荣涛,聂莉莉,郭玉海,翟志席.长春花叶片中吲哚生物碱增产的研究[J].中草药, 2005,36(2):265-267.
216张永清,李岩坤.影响药用植物体内生物碱含量的因素[J].齐鲁中医药情报, 1992(3):3-5.
217张玉红.喜树果实中喜树碱含量的产地差异及季节变化[J].东北林业大学学报, 2002,30(6):44-46.
218张玉红,祖元刚.不同产地和生长季节喜树叶中喜树碱含量测定[J].植物学通报, 2003,20(5):572-575.
219赵剑,朱蔚华.长春花生物碱生物合成途径和相关酶及其基因调控的研究进展[J].植物生理学通讯, 1999,35(1):60-68.
220赵骏,齐红喜.生物碱提取方法概述[J].天津中医学院学报, 2003,22(4):43-44.
221赵骏,王洪章,齐喜红,高敏燕.荷叶中荷叶碱提取工艺的研究[J].中草药, 2003,34(10):916-917.
222郑珍贵,缪红,杨文杰,刘涤,胡之壁.营养和环境因子对长春花激素自养型细胞生长和阿码碱生长的影响[J].植物学报, 1999,41(2):127-132.
223智翠梅,常瑜.氢溴酸加兰他敏的PHLC测定[J].应用化工, 2007,36(3):292-294.
224周荣汉,段金廒.植物化学分类学[B].上海科学技术出版社, 2005.
225朱锦,诸葛强,余永生,陈宁军.石蒜组培繁殖技术的研究[J].浙江林业科技, 2002,22(4):45-48.
226朱拓,朱拓,陈国庆,虞锐鹏.甲醇溶液吸收光谱与荧光光谱的研究[J].激光技术, 2005,29(5):470-472.
227朱秀丽,皇甫磊落,陈日平.超声技术在中草药提取中的应用[J].西安文理学院学报(自然科学版), 2007,10(2):33-37.
228朱燕超,陶文沂.超声波辅助提取荷叶总黄酮工艺的研究[J].应用化工, 2007,36(11):1106-1109.
2 Abdallah O. Minor alkaloids from Lycoris sanguinea[J]. Phytochemistry, 1995,39(2):477-478.
3 Abdallah OM. Minor alkaloids from Lycoris sanguinea[J]. Phytochemistry, 1995,39(2):477-478.
4 Abou-Donia A, Toaima S, Hammoda H, Shawky E. New rapid validated HPTLC method for the determination of galanthamine in Amaryllidaceae plant extracts[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2008,19(4):353-358.
5 Abou-Donia AH, Toaima SM, Hammoda HM, Shawky E. New rapid validated HPTLC method for the determination of galanthamine in Amaryllidaceae plant extracts[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2008,19(4):353-358.
6 Alan W-M, Michael F-F, Charles L-G. Systematics of Amaryllidaceae based on cladictic analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-F sequence data[J]. American Journal of Botany, 1999,86(9):1325-1345.
7 Andr¨￠s G. Microwave extraction:: A novel sample preparation method for chromatography[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1986,371:299-306.
8 Arzamastsev A, Sadchikova N, Titova A. Current state of IR spectroscopy applied to pharmaceutical analysis[J]. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 2008,42(8):466-470.
9 Atanas P, Strahil B, Eric C, Tatiana G, Dimka T, Bojidara P, Milen G, Vasil G, Stanislav Y, Monique B, Ilieva. M. Galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivum in vitro systems[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2007,42:734-739.
10 Aurélie U, Andrew M, Emerson FQ, Karine N, Kurt H. Xanthones from Gentiana campestris as New Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors[J]. Planta Med, 2004(70):1011-1014.
11 Bastos J, Xu L, Nanayakkara N, Burandt Jr C, Moraes-Cerdeira R, McChesneys J. A Rapid Quantitative Method for the Analysis of Galanthamine and Other Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography[J]. J. Nat. Prod, 1996,59(6):638-640.
12 Bastos JK, Xu L, Dhammika Nanayakkara NP, Burandt CL, Moraes-Cerdeira RM, McChesney JD. A Rapid Quantitative Method for the Analysis of Galanthamine and Other Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids by Capillary Column Gas Chromatography?[J]. Journal of Natural Products, 1996,59(6):638-640.
13 Bergo?ón S, Codina C, Bastida J, Viladomat F, MeléE. Galanthamine production in“shoot-clump”cultures of Narcissus confusus in liquid-shake medium[J]. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 1996,45(3):191-199.
14 Berkov S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Analysis of galanthamine-type alkaloids by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in plants[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2008,19(4):285-293.
15 Berkov S, Sidjimova B, Evstatieva L, Popov S. Intraspecific variability in the alkaloid metabolism of Galanthus elwesii[J]. Phytochemistry, 2004,65(5):579-586.
16 Bilge, Scedil, ener, Orhan I, Satayavivad J. Antimalarial activity screening of some alkaloids and the plant extracts from Amaryllidaceae[J]. Phytotherapy Research, 2003,17(10):1220-1223.
17 Brachet A, Christen P, Veuthey J. Focused microwave-assisted extraction of cocaine and benzoylecgonine from coca leaves[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2002,13(3):162-169.
18 COE F, ANDERSON G. Screening of medicinal plants used by the garifuna of eastern Nicaragua for bioactive compounds[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 1996,53(1):29-50.
19 Colque R, Viladomat F, Bastida J, Codina C. Improved Production of Galanthamine and Related Alkaloids by Methyl Jasmonate in Narcissus confusus Shoot-Clumps[J]. Planta Medica, 2004(12):1180-1188.
20 CORSI G, BIASCI D. Secretory structures and localization of alkaloids in Conium maculatum L.(Apiaceae)[J]. Ann bot., 1998,81(1):157-162.
21 de Jong C, Derks R, Bruyneel B, Niessen W, Irth H. High-performance liquid chromatography-massspectrometry-based acetylcholinesterase assay for the screening of inhibitors in natural extracts[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2006,1112(1-2):303-310.
22 de Jong CF, Derks RJE, Bruyneel B, Niessen W, Irth H. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based acetylcholinesterase assay for the screening of inhibitors in natural extracts[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2006,1112(1-2):303-310.
23 Diop MF, Hehn A, Ptak A, tien FC, Doerper S, Gontier E, Bourgaud F, Henry M, Chapleur Y, Laurain-Mattar D. Hairy root and tissue cultures of Leucojum aestivum L.—relationships to galanthamine content[J]. Phytochem Rev, 2007,6:137–141.
24 Eichhorn J, Takada T, Kita Y, Zenk M. Biosynthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid Galanthaminefn2[J]. Phytochemistry, 1998,49(4):1037-1047.
25 Eichhorn J, Takada T, Kita Y, Zenk MH. Biosynthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid Galanthamine[J]. Phytochemistry, 1998,49(4):1037-1047.
26 Eichhorn J, Takada T, Kita Y, Zenk MH. Biosynthesis of the amaryllidaceae alkaloid Galanthamine[J]. Phytochemistry, 1998,49:1037-1047.
27 ElKhori S, ParéJRJ, Bélanger JMR, Pérez E. The microwave-assisted process (MAPTM1): Extraction and determination of fat from cocoa powder and cocoa nibs[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2007,79(3):1110-1114.
28 El-Sayed M, Verpoorte R. Effect of phytohormones on growth and alkaloid accumulation by a Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures fed with alkaloid precursors tryptamine and loganin[J]. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 2002,68(3):265-270.
29 Fulzele DP, Satdive RK. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin from Nothapodytes foetida[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2005,1063(1-2):9-13.
30 FURR M, MAHLBER GPG. Histochemical analyses of laticifers and glandular trichomes in Cannabis sativa[J]. J nat. prod 1981,44(2):153-159.
31 Gorinova N, Atanassov A, Stojanov D. Characteristics of natural growing areas for Leucojum aestivum L. in Bulgaria based on chemical composition of plants[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1995,18(8):1705-1710.
32 Gorinova N, Atanassov A, Stojanov D, Tencheva J. Influence of chemical composition of soils on the galanthamine content in Levcojum aestivum[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 1993,16(9):1631-1636.
33 Gotti R, Fiori J, Bartolini M, Cavrini V. Analysis of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Narcissus by GC-MS and capillary electrophoresis[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2006,42(1):17-24.
34 Harvey A. The pharmacology of galanthamine and its analogues[J]. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1995,68(1):113-128.
35 Harvey AL. The pharmacology of galanthamine and its analogues[J]. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 1995,68(1):113-128.
36 I.Yu.Novikova, A.A.Tulaganov. Structure of Chemical compounds, Methods of Analysis and Process control[J]. Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal, 2002,36(11):623-627.
37 Ingkaninan K, de Best CM, van der Heijden R, Hofte AJP, Karabatak B, Irth H, Tjaden UR, van der Greef J, Verpoorte R. High-performance liquid chromatography with on-line coupled UV, mass spectrometric and biochemical detection for identification of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from natural products[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2000,872(1-2):61-73.
38 J ger A, Fennell C, Adsersen A. Acetylcholinesterase inhibition of Crinum sp[J]. South African Journal of Botany, 2004,70(2):323-325.
39 Jairo K Bastos, Li Xu N.P, Dhammika Nanayakkara NP, Charles L Burandt et al. A Rapid Quantitative Method for the Analysis of Galanthamine and other Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids by Capillary Column GasChromatography[J]. J. Nat. Prod. , 1996(59):638-640.
40 Jeffs P W , A rch ieW C, Hawk s R L et al. Bio synthesis of mesembrine and related alkaloids1 The amino acid precursors[J]. J Am Chem Soc, 1971, 93:151.
41 Jocelyn Par¨| J, B¨|langer J, Stafford S. Microwave-assisted process (MAP (TM)): a new tool for the analytical laboratory[J]. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 1994,13(4):176-184.
42 Jones N, Bernardo-Gil M, Lourenco M. Comparison of methods for extraction of tobacco alkaloids[J]. Journal of AOAC International, 2001,84(2):309-316.
43 Kreh M, Matusch R, Witte L. Capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids[J]. Phytochemistry, 1995,38(3):773-776.
44 Liu Wen-Zhe. Secretor Structures and Their Relationship to Accumulation of Camphothecin in Camptotheca acuminate (Nyssaceae) [J]. Acta Botanica Sinica. 2004, 46(10):1242-1248
45 L¨?pez S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and Narcissus extracts[J]. Life Sciences, 2002,71(21):2521-2529.
46 Lopez S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Galanthamine pattern in Narcissus confusus plants[J]. Planta medica, 2003,69(12):1166-1168.
47 López S, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of some Amaryllidaceae alkaloids and Narcissus extracts[J]. Life Sciences, 2002,71(21):2521-2529.
48 Lopez-Avila V, Young R, Teplitsky N. Microwave-assisted extraction as an alternative to Soxhlet, sonication, and supercritical fluid extraction[J]. Journal of AOAC International, 1996,79(1):142-156.
49 Lovkova M, Buzuk G, Sokolova S, Buzuk L. Role of elements and physiologically active compounds in the regulation of synthesis and accumulation of indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus L[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005,41(3):299-305.
50 Lovkova MY, Buzuk GN, Sokolova SM, Buzuk LN. Role of elements and physiologically active compounds in the regulation of synthesis and accumulation of indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus L[J]. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2005,41(3):299-305.
51 Nury R, Matilde G, oacute, mez, Medina JD. Search for Bioactive Alkaloids in Hymenocallis Species[J]. Pharmaceutical Biology (Formerly International Journal of Pharmacognosy), 2004,42:280-285.
52 Orhan I, Sener B. Bioactivity-directed fractionation of alkaloids from some amaryllidaceae plants and their anticholinesterase activity[J]. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2003,39(4):383-386.
53 Pank E, Kim C, Yoo S, Pank Y. Studies on wild Lycoris radiata Herb. III. Artificial propagation[J]. Journal of Korean Society for Horticultural Science, 1988,29:232-246.
54 Pare J, Sigouin M, Lapointe J. Microwave-assisted natural products extraction. In: Google Patents; 1991.
55 Pavlov A, Berkov S, Courot E, Gocheva T, Tuneva D, Pandova B, Georgiev M, Georgiev V, Yanev S, Burrus M, Ilieva M. Galanthamine production by Leucojum aestivum in vitro systems[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2007,42(4):734-739.
56 Poulev A, Deus-Neumann B, Zenk M. Enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of galanthamine[J]. Planta medica, 1993,59:442-442.
57 Poutaraud A, Girardin P. Influence of chemical characteristics of soil on mineral and alkaloid seed contents of Colchicum autumnale[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2005,54(2):101-108.
58 Q. M. Ru, L. R. Zhang, J. D. Chen, Z. M. Pei ea. Microwave-assisted Extraction and identification of Polysaccharide from Lycoris aurea[J]. Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2009,45(4):474-477.
59 R.Gotti, J.Fiori, M. Bartolini, V.Cavrini. Analysis if Amaryllidaceae alkaloids from Narcissur by GC-MS and capillary electrophoresis[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2006(42):17-24.
60 Raúl Colque, Francesc Viladomat, Jaume Bastida, Carles Codina. Improved Production of Galanthamine and Related Alkaloids by Methyl Jasminate in Narcissus confuses Shoot -Clumps[J]. Planta med., 2004(70):1180-1188.
61 Rhee I, van de Meent M, Ingkaninan K, Verpoorte R. Screening for acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Amaryllidaceae using silica gel thin-layer chromatography in combination with bioactivity staining[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2001,915(1-2):217-223.
62 Selles M, Bergonon S, Viladomat F, Bastida J , C. C. Effect of sucrose on growth and galanthamine production in shoot-clumps cultures of Narcissus confuses in liquid shake medium[J]. Plant Cell. Tissue Organ Cult, 1997(49):129-138.
63 Selles M, Bastida J, Viladomat F, Codina C. Quantitative evaluation of galanthamine and related alkaloids in wild plants and tissue cultures of Narcissus confusus by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Analusis, 1997,25(5):156-158.
64 Sellés M, Viladomat F, Bastida J, Codina C. Callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis in Narcissus confusus: correlation between the state of differentiation and the content of galanthamine and related alkaloids[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 1999,18(7):646-651.
65 Sokolova SM, Buzuk GN, Lovkova MY, Tyutekin YV. Membranotropic Compounds and Alkaloid Accumulation in Plants[J]. Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics, 2005,402(1):220-222.
66 Stanilova M, Ilcheva V, Zagorska N. Morphogenetic potential and in vitro micropropagation of endangered plant species Leucojum aestivum L. and Lilium rhodopaeum Delip[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 1994,13(8):451-453.
67 Susnan Lòpez, Jaume Bastida, Francesc Viladomat, Carles Codine. Solid-phase Extraction and Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography of the Five Major Alkaloids in Narcissus confuses[J]. Phytochemical Analysis, 2002(13):311-315.
68 Tanahashi T, Poulev A, Zenk M. Radioimmunoassay for the quantitative determination of galanthamine[J]. Planta Med, 1990,56(1):77-81.
69 Tenchva J, Yambolie V, Zhivkova Z. Reverse-phased liquid chromatography for the determination of galanthamine and its metabolites in human plasma and urine[J]. J Chromatogr, 1987,421(2):396.
70 Tsakadze DM, Samsoniya SA, Ziaev R, Abdusamatov A. Alkaloid and phenolic compounds of Galanthus caucasicus, Magnolia obovata, Cocculus laurifolius, and Veratrum lobelianum grown in Georgia[J]. Molecular Diversity, 2005,9(1):41-44.
71 Wang L, Weller C. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2006,17(6):300-312.
72 Wang L, Weller CL. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants[J]. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2006,17(6):300-312.
73 Zhang F, Chen B, Xiao S, Yao S. Optimization and comparison of different extraction techniques for sanguinarine and chelerythrine in fruits of Macleaya cordata (Willd) R. Br[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2005,42(3):283-290.
74曹日强,傅庭治,朱汝幸,费厚满.钾对水仙生物碱形成的影响[J].南京大学学报数学半年刊, 1984(02):321-326.
75曹日强,沈恒冠,徐梦华,董建国.中国水仙中伪石蒜碱、石蒜碱的动态变化及其薄层定量[J].植物生理学报, 1979,5(1):27-34.
76曹小勇.石蒜鳞茎中氨基酸和矿质元素的含量分析[J].中国野生植物资源, 2005,24(3):48-49.
77晁志,王厄舟,周秀佳.益母草药材中生物碱含量与产地生态环境的关系[J].第一军医大学学报, 2000,20(6):504-506.
78陈业高.植物化学成分[B]. 2004.
79丁亚平,杨道,吴庆生,于力文,徐云鹃.安徽霍山三种石斛总生物碱的测定及其分布规律研究[J].安徽农业大学学报, 1994,21(4):503-506.
80董庆华,田惠桥.石蒜的组织培养[J].植物生理学通讯, 1995,31(3):204.
81杜甫佑,肖小华,李攻科.离子液体微波辅助萃取石蒜中生物碱的研究[J].分析化学, 2007,35(11):1570-1574.
82范华均,李攻科,栾伟蔡沛祥.微波溶样-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定石蒜中的镉铬铅[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2005,25(9):1503-1506.
83范华均,林广欣,肖小华,李攻科.微波辅助提取石蒜和虎杖中的动力学机理[J].分析化学, 2006,34(9):1260-1264.
84范华均,林广欣,肖小华,李攻科.微波辅助提取石蒜和虎杖中的热力学机理研究[J].高等学校化学学报, 2006,27(12):2271-2276.
85范华均,栾伟,李攻科.微波辅助提取/HPLC分析石蒜中的生物碱[J].分析测试学报, 2006,25(3):27～30.
86范华均,肖小华,李攻科.微波辅助提取石蒜和虎杖中的动力学模型[J].高等学校化学学报, 2007,28(6):1049-1054.
87范华均,肖小华,刘玉竹,李攻科.微波辐射溶剂回流法提取石蒜中石蒜碱、力可拉敏和加兰他敏[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,45(3):46-50.
88范美华,周吉源.不同培养条件对半夏悬浮培养细胞生长及总生物碱形成的影响[J].云南植物研究, 2004,26(6):656-660.
89范志刚,张玉萍,孙燕,匡丽萍,杨莉斌.微波技术对麻黄中麻黄碱浸出量影响[J].中成药, 2000,22(7):520-521.
90方芳.黄酮类天然药物治疗糖病及其迸发症研究进展[J].中山大学研究生学刊(自然科学、医学版), 2007,28(1):39-44.
91方玲.氢溴酸加兰他敏片剂的制备及质量控制[J].中国临床药学杂志, 2001,10(6):381-383.
92方玲,郝素娥,叶铭龙.紫外分光光度法测定氢溴酸片的含量及含量均匀度[J].上海医药, 1998,19(9):35.
93冯建灿,张玉洁,张秋娟,李秋玲,胡湛.干旱胁迫与抗蒸腾剂对喜树几项生理指标及喜树碱含量的影响[J].河南农业大学学报, 2002,36(2):138-143.
94冯年平,范广平,吴春兰,韩朝阳.微波萃取技术在中药提取中的应用[J].世界科学技术-中药现代化, 2002,4(2):49-52.
95冯育林,谢平,孙叶兵,吴蓓.中药提取工艺应用进展[J].中药材, 2002,25(12):908-911.
96冯自立.微波萃取新技术在国医药领域的应用进展[J].临床医学, 2006,19(10):1889-1892.
97傅荣杰,冯怡.微波萃取技术在中药及天然产物提取中的应用[J].中国中药杂志, 2003,28(9):804-807.
98傅若农.近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展[J].分析实验室, 2003,24(2):79-92.
99傅若农.近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展(Ⅰ)[J].分析实验室, 2005,24(4):79-92.
100傅若农.近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展(Ⅱ)[J].分析实验室, 2005,24(5):79-92.
101傅若农.近两年国内气相色谱的应用进展(Ⅲ)[J].分析实验室, 2005,24(6):79-92.
102高正航,李卫东.长春花生物碱类药物研究概述[J].贵州农业科学, 2005,33(6):94-96.
103葛发欢,史庆龙,许静芬.超临界CO2萃取益母草总生物碱[J].中药材, 2001,24(006):415-415.
104耿中峰,吕惠生,张敏华.石蒜中加兰他敏提取的超临界CO2萃取工艺研究[J].中草药, 2008,39(4):543-546.
105郭孝武.超声技术在提取中药碱类成分中的应用[J].世界科学技术-中药现代化, 2002,4(3):59-63.
106郭孝武.超声提取与常规提取对部分中药碱类成分提取率的比较[J].世界科学技术-中药现代化, 2002,4(5):59-63.
107韩建萍,梁宗锁,王敬民.矿质元素与根类中草药根系生长发育及有效成累积的关系[J].植物生理学通讯, 2003,39(1):78-82.
108郝金玉,韩伟,邓修.新鲜银杏叶经微波辅助提取后微观结构的变化[J].中草药, 2002,33(8):739-741.
109何树兰,束晓春,姚表菊,夏冰.石蒜的组织培养[J].江苏林业科技, 2003,30(4):18-21.
110何树兰,束晓春,姚青菊,夏冰.石蒜的组织培养[J].江苏林业科技, 2003,30(004):18-20.
111洪山海,李静芳,马广恩.石蒜科生物碱的研究Ⅳ.生产工艺及高含量加兰他敏植物的寻找[J].药学通报, 1979,10(8):372-373.
112洪山海,马广恩.石蒜科生物碱的研究Ⅲ.紫花石蒜和其他两种石蒜中的生物碱及新生物碱紫花石蒜碱[J].药学学报, 1964,11(1):1-14.
113胡娟,张莉,闵运江,陈乃东,柳后起,周守标.石蒜生物总碱的提取工艺研究[J].中国林副特产, 2007(4):8-12.
114黄宗春,胡一民.安徽野生石蒜的种质资源及开发利用[J].中国林副特产, 1997(3):46-47.
115贾献慧,周铜水,郑颖,刘汉清.石蒜科植物生物碱成分的药理学研究[J].中医药学刊, 2001,19(6):573-557.
116姜明兰,钟文田.朱顶红愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生[J].植物生理学通讯, 1984,1:37-38.
117姜淑媛,张丽霞,郭延奎.荧光显微分析技术在植物细胞学研究中的应用[J].激光生物学报,2008,17(4):565-569
118金雅琴,黄雪芳,李冬林.江苏石蒜的种质资源及园林用途[J].江苏农专学报, 2003,19(3):17-21.
119靳朝东.用HPLC法快速测定石蒜科植物中的加兰他敏[J].国外医药植物药分册, 2005,20(1):26.
120李俶,倪永年,李莉.槲寄生碱的不同提取方法的研究[J].食品科技, 2006(10):94-98.
121李攻科,杜甫佑,肖小华.微波辅助萃取技术在中药现代化中的应用[J].精细化工, 2007,24(12):1184-1191.
122李惠芬,卢继新,张晓梅,黄志华.五种不同产地天仙子总生物碱的含且分析[J].中草药, 1999,30(8):582-583.
123李霞,熊远福,蒋利华,文祝友,石国荣,张薇.荧光法测定石蒜中加兰他敏含量[J].作物研究, 2006(2):149-150.
124李霞,阎秀峰,刘剑锋.氮素形态对黄檗幼苗三种生物碱含量的影响[J].生态学报, 2005,25(9):2159-2164.
125李晓海,周同惠. HPLC法在生物碱分析中的研究进展[J].中草药, 2002,33(4):368-372.
126李新社,王志兴.溶剂提取和超临界流体萃取百合中的秋水仙碱[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版, 2004,35(002):244-248.
127李亚仲,单宁,吴志平,袁菊红,夏冰.紫外分光光度法测定石蒜鳞茎的总生物碱含量[J].时珍国医国药, 2007,18(7):1695-1696.
128李招文,陈扬春,唐道一.水仙双鳞片繁殖的培养方法和条件研究[J].园艺学报, 1983(01):51-56.
129李招文,唐道一.水仙组织培养的研究[J].园艺学报, 1982,9(4):65-68.
130李子璇,江海,曹小勇,吴三桥,李新生,王玉婷.石蒜植株中加兰他敏的分布与含量测定[J].江苏农业科学, 2009(003):290-292.
131林田,刘灶长,李天菲,郑海柔,罗利军.不同激素配比对红花小鳞茎及茎尖的分化培养的影响[J].上海农业学报, 2006,22(4).
132刘军红,廖国玲.生物碱的提取、分离和纯化研究进展[J].时珍国医国药, 2007,18(5):1230-1231.
133刘敏,舒金生.垂笑君子兰的组织培养[J].园艺学报, 1984,11(1):47-49.
134刘涛.合成工艺的研究[D].浙江大学博士学位论文, 2006.
135刘涛,陈新志,杜荣斌,徐国华,安越.加兰他敏的半合成研究[J].化学学报, 2007,65(8):711-714.
136刘涛,钱超,陈新志.外消旋加兰他敏全合成研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版), 2006,40(3):520-523.
138刘文哲,王自芬.喜树幼枝的喜树碱积累及其组织内定位.植物生理与分子生物学学报[J],2004,30(4):405,412
139刘新宇,吴芳,赵斌,李君良.高效液相色谱法测定氢溴酸加兰他敏血药浓度[J].中南药学, 2006,4(3):201-204.
140刘志高,童再康,储家淼,高燕会,张露.乳白石蒜组织培养[J].浙江林学院学报, 2006,23(3):347-350.
141刘钟栋.微波条件下萃取桔皮中果胶的显微观察研究[J].中国食品添加剂, 2006(02):51-53.
142卢旭.生物碱提取技术研究及进展[J].天津化工, 2007,21(3):4-7.
143鲁雪华,陈杨春.忽地笑胚外植体的培养[J].云南植物研究, 1986,8(4):467-469.
144马爱瑛.生物碱的提取与分离[J].固原师专学报(自然科学), 2006,27(3):25-30.
145马广恩.治疗老年性痴呆症的研究概况[J].药学进展, 1998,22(3):153-156.
146马广恩,李惠寅,黄慧珠,颜丽莹,洪山海.石蒜科生物碱的研究Ⅺ.中国石蒜中生物碱和抗癌成分的分离和鉴定[J].中草药, 1987,18(8):6-9.
147聂刘旺,张定成,张海军,张小爱,刘李旺,张克云.安徽产石蒜属植物三种酶同工酶的分析[J].生物学杂志, 2000,17(3):19-22.
148彭菲,钟湘云,谭朝阳,雷思琦,李云耀.黄花石蒜不定根的离体诱导与培养研究[J].湖南中医药大学学报, 2008,28(001):44-45.
149彭菲,钟湘云,潭朝阳,雷思琦,李云耀.黄花石蒜不定根的离体诱导与培养研究[J].湖南中医药大学学报, 2008,28(1):44-45.
150钱南萍. PHLC法测定氢溴酸加兰他敏分散片的含量[J].中国药师, 2003,6(7):430-430.
151秦竹丽,江元汝.超临界萃取技术在生物碱提取中的应用进展[J].化工时刊, 2006,20(7):60-63.
152任秀芳,周守标,郑艳,郭新弧.中国石蒜属植物花粉形态的研究[J].云南植物研究, 1995,17(02):182-186.
153阮龙喜,高茂松,上官衍霞,张桂英,魏俊.石蒜生物碱药品的水浸渍酸性白土吸附法在生产上的应用[J].中草药通讯, 1979(4):10-13.
154阮龙喜,柳月珍.工业上微量测定石蒜科植物中、二氢等生物碱含量的方法[J].中草药通讯, 1976(2):25-26.
155阮淑明.施肥对长春花总生物碱含量的影响[J].安徽农学通报, 2006,12(12):65-66.
156芮海云,吴国荣,陆长海.多糖类生物活性的研究在医药领域的应用[J].淮阴师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2002,1(3):77-80.
157尚宇光,李淑芬,肖鸾.植物中生物碱的提取工艺[J].现代化工, 2002(22):51-74.
158盛束军,徐建中,俞旭平.生长调节剂对益母草总生物碱积累的调控[J].资源开发与市场, 1999,15(5):264-268.
159司天梅,孙丽丽,舒良,张鸿燕.改良高效液相色谱荧光法测定人血浆氢溴酸加兰他敏浓度[J].中国新药杂志, 2003,12(10):842-844.
160司天梅,孙丽丽,张鸿燕,舒良.高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定人血浆中氢溴酸加兰他敏浓度[J].中国临床药理学杂志, 2002,18(1):66-69.
161宋洪杰,李珍,石晶,范国荣,刘涛,计一平.氢溴酸加兰他敏片在健康人体内药代动力学和生物等效性研究[J].中国临床药理学杂志, 2002,18(4):284-286.
162宋洪杰,李珍,石晶,范国荣,刘涛,计一平.人血浆中加兰他敏的HPLC测定及药力学研究[J].中国药学杂志, 2003,38(5):366-368.
163苏波欣,李世,黄荣利,左庆华.施肥对黄芩根部黄芩甙含量的影响[J].中国中药杂志, 1996,21(6):343.
164苏文华,张光飞,李秀华,欧晓昆.植物药材次生代谢产物的积累与环境的关系[J].中草药, 2005,36(9):1415-1418.
165孙秀琴,张凤莲.治疗阿尔茨海默病的研究[J].河南医药信息, 2003,24(4):63.
166汤晓怀,钱南萍,许静,韩素珍.氢溴酸加兰他敏分散片的研究[J].江苏药学与临床研究, 2004,12(3):14-17.
167唐君波,彭六保,崔巍,平静波.加兰他敏市场前景浅析[J].中国药房, 2006,17(22):1690-1692.
168陶曙红,吴凤锷.生态环境对药用植物的影响[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2003,15(2):174-177.
169汪兵,吕惠生,张敏华.超临界CO2提取石蒜预处理工艺研究[J].青岛科技大学学报(自然科学学报), 2007,28(3):212-215.
170王德强.石蒜中生物碱的提取条件优化[J].食品与生物技术学报, 2008,27(6):53-56.
171王光萍,陈英,周坚,张露,黄敏仁.长筒石蒜的鳞片诱导和植物株再生[J].植物生理学通讯, 2005,41(4):457-460.
172王慧春,李毅,王环,徐文华,王莉,张宝琛.光照对水母雪莲愈伤组织合成生物碱的影响[J].西北植物学报, 2002,22(1):69-73.
173王军妮,黄艳红,牟志美,王彦文.植物次生代谢物黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].蚕业科学, 2007,33(003):499-505.
174王立升,张青,黄喜寿,李振坤.加兰他敏中间体的合成工艺[J].广西大学学报:自然科学版,2009,34(2):164167
175王玲丽,刘文哲.不同种源喜树幼枝中喜树碱的含量[J].植物学通报, 2005,22(5):584-589.
176王仁师.关于石蒜属(Lycoris)的生态地理[J].西南林学学院学报, 1990,10(1):41-48.
177王文杰,张京都,赵长琦.环境条件对伊贝母生物碱含量的影响[J].中药材, 1989,12(2):3-5.
178王燕,许锋,李琳玲,程水源.红花石蒜的组织培养[J].江西农业学报, 2007,19(007):57-59.
179王洋,戴绍军,阎秀峰.光强对喜树幼苗叶片次生代谢产物喜树碱的影响[J].生态学报, 2004,24(6):1118-1122.
180王自芬,刘文哲.不同产地喜树果实中喜树碱及10-羟基喜树碱的差异[J].中草药, 2005,36(5):762-764
181魏会敏,张红杰,胥磊.保定市老年痴呆流行病学调查[J].现代预防医学, 2008,35(5):847-848.
178吴芳丽,李爱珍,毛慧芳. RP-HPLC测定石蒜中加兰他敏的含量[J].中国中药杂志, 2005,30(7):523-525.
182吴彦,周守标,万安.石蒜植物多糖的分离纯化[J].生物学杂志, 2005,22(3):44-46.
183吴彦,周守标,万安.石蒜属植物多糖组成的分析比较研究[J].广西植物, 2005,25(3):264-268.
184吴彦,周守标,万安.石蒜中生物总碱提取条件研究[J].生物学杂志, 2007,24(1):61-63.
185武芸.五鹤续断中总生物碱提取分离工艺的初探[J].进珍国医国药, 2008,19(2):304-305.
186肖观秀.超临界萃取提取石蒜中加兰他敏的工艺研究[D]. 2005.
187肖观秀,吕惠生,张敏华.超临界萃取生物碱研究进展[J].中草药, 2004,35(12):1421-1423.
188肖娅萍,张博,胡雅琴.超声在植物学领域的应用[J].应用声学, 2004,23(5):45-48.
189肖艳,彭菲,王清,刘军.黄花石蒜的组织培养研究[J].湖南中医药大学学报, 2006,26(1):27-28.
190谢峻,谈峰,冯巍,陈斌.石蒜属植物分类鉴别、药用成分及生物技术应用研究进展[J].中草药, 2007,38(12):1902-1905.
191严嘉,童明伟,林崐.超临界CO2萃取在中草药研究中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版), 2005,28(8):112-116.
192严谨,王明新,陈云雷,马文恩.氢溴酸加兰他敏胶囊溶出度的HPLC测定[J].中国医药工业杂志, 1999,30(12):553-554.
193阎家麒.一种加兰他敏全合成的方法. In:中国; 2004.
194杨青,郑由浒,唐瑞仁.加兰它敏(Galanthamine)的合成方法[J].精细化工中间体,2007,37(2):13-17
195杨郁,黄胜雄,赵毅民,赵勤实,孙汉堂.黄花石蒜中的黄酮类成分[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2005,17(5):539-541.
196杨志玲,谭梓峰,杨旭,钱寿生.施肥对红花石蒜物质积累和分配的影响[J].中南林学院学报, 2006,26(6):150-154.
197于超,张明,王于,罗琴.栽培、野生及不同产生半夏总生物碱测定[J].中国中药杂志, 2004,29(6):583-584.
198喻朝阳,王晓琳.生物碱提取方法与纯化技术应用进展[J].化工进展, 2006,25(3):259-263.
199袁昌齐,刘守炉,姚淦,胡光明.原料植物石蒜调查简报[J].中草药, 1981,12(4):39-40.
200袁菊红,彭峰,冯煦,孙视,何树兰,夏冰.应用HPLC图谱进行石蒜属种间关系与分类研究[J].西北植物学报, 2007,27(11):2195-2201.
201袁勇,黄慧莲,刘贤旺.无机肥料对中药含量的影响[J].江西林业科技, 2000(1):29-30.
202曾建红,彭正松.不同采收期半夏生物碱含量的变化规律[J].中南林学院学报, 2004,24(4):109-112.
203曾建红,彭正松,宋红元,马小军,魏淑红,罗雍.半夏总生物碱含量的动态变化[J].中药材, 2004,27(7):471-473.
204张代佳,刘传斌,修志龙,昌增益.微波技术在植物胞内提取中的应用[J].中草药, 2000,31(9):附5-附6.
205张辅民.石蒜科生物碱crinamine、haemanthidine、pretazettine、tazettine和galanthamine的全合成[D].兰州大学博士论文, 2006.
206张俊梅,马广恩,洪山海.石蒜科生物碱的研究Ⅻ.薄层色谱鉴定和高效液相色谱法测定含量[J].药物分析杂志, 1999,19(6):399.
207张丽萍,陈震,马小军,赵杨景.氮源对黄连植株生长、根茎小檗碱含量的影响[J].中草药, 1995,26(7):387-388.
208张露.南京林业大学研究生博士学位论文[D]. 2002.
209张露,蔡友铭,诸葛强,楼炉焕,邹惠渝,黄敏仁,王明庥.石蒜属种间亲缘关系RAPD分析[J].遗传学报, 2002,29(10):915-921.
210张露,王光萍,曹福亮.石蒜类植物无性繁殖技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2002,26(4):1-5.
211张明霞,单宇,冯煦,彭峰.超声辅助提取忽地笑中的工艺研究[J].时珍国医国药, 2008,19(7):1591-1592.
212张明霞,单宇,冯煦,彭峰,江玉梅,王鸣,夏冰.超声辅助提取忽地笑中加兰他敏的工艺研究[J].时珍国医国药, 2008,19(7).
213张松林.氢溴酸加兰他敏分散片的制备及稳定性考察[J].中国药师, 2003,6(8):490-491.
214张涛,蔡建国.生物碱的超临界流体萃取研究进展[J].世界科学技术-中医药现代化, 2003,5(3):41-47.
215张秀省,张荣涛,聂莉莉,郭玉海,翟志席.长春花叶片中吲哚生物碱增产的研究[J].中草药, 2005,36(2):265-267.
216张永清,李岩坤.影响药用植物体内生物碱含量的因素[J].齐鲁中医药情报, 1992(3):3-5.
217张玉红.喜树果实中喜树碱含量的产地差异及季节变化[J].东北林业大学学报, 2002,30(6):44-46.
218张玉红,祖元刚.不同产地和生长季节喜树叶中喜树碱含量测定[J].植物学通报, 2003,20(5):572-575.
219赵剑,朱蔚华.长春花生物碱生物合成途径和相关酶及其基因调控的研究进展[J].植物生理学通讯, 1999,35(1):60-68.
220赵骏,齐红喜.生物碱提取方法概述[J].天津中医学院学报, 2003,22(4):43-44.
221赵骏,王洪章,齐喜红,高敏燕.荷叶中荷叶碱提取工艺的研究[J].中草药, 2003,34(10):916-917.
222郑珍贵,缪红,杨文杰,刘涤,胡之壁.营养和环境因子对长春花激素自养型细胞生长和阿码碱生长的影响[J].植物学报, 1999,41(2):127-132.
223智翠梅,常瑜.氢溴酸加兰他敏的PHLC测定[J].应用化工, 2007,36(3):292-294.
224周荣汉,段金廒.植物化学分类学[B].上海科学技术出版社, 2005.
225朱锦,诸葛强,余永生,陈宁军.石蒜组培繁殖技术的研究[J].浙江林业科技, 2002,22(4):45-48.
226朱拓,朱拓,陈国庆,虞锐鹏.甲醇溶液吸收光谱与荧光光谱的研究[J].激光技术, 2005,29(5):470-472.
227朱秀丽,皇甫磊落,陈日平.超声技术在中草药提取中的应用[J].西安文理学院学报(自然科学版), 2007,10(2):33-37.
228朱燕超,陶文沂.超声波辅助提取荷叶总黄酮工艺的研究[J].应用化工, 2007,36(11):1106-1109.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |