矿区地面沉降的InSAR监测及参数反演
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摘要
由于自然条件的原因,煤矿开采多数是地下开采,过度的开采容易破坏当地环境甚至引发多种灾害,如地表塌陷、地表水倒灌等,给国家和当地人民带来巨大损失。然而,目前我国仅靠简单的人工测量手段监测矿区形变,地表植被和水系发育、山势陡峭等地带的地表沉降现象却无法得到有效监测,缺乏开采过程中的形变趋势及灾害预测信息。如何实时、高效监测煤矿开采过程中地表形变变化是防控煤矿灾害的一项关键内容,也是本论文的主要研究目标。
论文重点围绕InSAR(合成孔径雷达干涉测量)技术结合位错模型对煤矿矿区进行监测的方法展开研究。针对InSAR技术大尺度形变监测,采用SBAS方法(短基线集)对满足一定时空基线的干涉对进行处理,有效地减弱时空基线引起的失相干问题,在提高D-InSAR结果精度的同时提高形变的时空分辨率；针对大地形变场研究的热门方法-位错模型,研究基于垂直方向的简化后位移位错模型,并结合InSAR结果利用大地测量反演方法反演煤矿塌陷机理。
论文主要研究工作如下：
1)采用SBAS(小基线集)技术获取丰城某煤矿时间序列沉降图
选择江西丰城市某煤矿矿区作为实验区,利用D-InSAR技术对获取的日本ALOS PALSAR数据进行差分干涉测量,采用最优化融合和线性方向窗口的方法生成干涉图,提取矿区2007-2008年矿区形变场。获取煤矿2007-2008年间的7景PALSAR影像,采用SBAS技术对数据进行处理,采用最小二乘法估计出高相干点时间序列上的沉降速率和累积沉降量,得到各影像不同时刻的时间序列沉降图,并利用研究区域已有的监测结果(水准数据)对本文获取的沉降速率和累积沉降量进行验证。
2)基于InSAR监测技术的矿区地表形变时空演化规律分析
结合常规水准监测数据和InSAR结果,对煤矿工作面开采导致的地表形变时间演化规律进行分析,通过形变时间曲线预报了地表形变所处的演化阶段,结合煤矿采工图及收集到的地表宏观形变信息数据,分析煤矿地表形变空间演化规律,判断矿区工作面地表形变所处的时空演化阶段。
3)研究基于煤矿塌陷机理的简化矩形位错理论模型
以Okada矩形位错理论模型为基础,根据煤矿塌陷的特点和煤矿开挖的实际情况来建立合理的地球物理反演模型—简化矩形位错模型,利用简化矩形位错模型对矿区塌陷进行位错位错张裂分量的反演,然后将反演的位错张裂分量模拟计算矿区地表沉降量。
4)采用大地测量反演方法对矿区塌陷进行位错位错张裂分量的反演
基于简化矩形位错模型,结合水准数据,将最小二乘线性反演算法与蒙特卡罗非线性反演算法分别对丰城某煤矿进行位错位错张裂分量的反演,得到矿区开采过程中的塌陷趋势量。
5) InSAR监测数据结合简化位错模型煤矿塌陷的参数反演
利用SBAS技术获取的矿区沉降漏斗B、D区域的大概1年内累积沉降量,结合简化矩形位错模型,采用最小二乘线性反演算法与蒙特卡罗非线性反演算法分别对矿区的位错位错张裂分量进行反演,并将反演的位错张裂分量来模拟计算矿区地表沉降量,然后将SBAS监测数据反演与水准监测数据反演进行对比分析,并基于参数反演对煤矿开采进度进行了分析；实验结果表明：利用简化位错模型结合SBAS监测技术反演煤矿地表形变是可行的。
Because of constraints in site conditions, most coal mines are underground mines. Excessive exploitation can destroy local environments, cause hazards such as ground subsidence and surface water encroachment and endanger workers' lives, resulting in great losses to local people and the country. However, most coal-mining firms in the country use only simple manual measurement techniques to monitor ground surface deformation, which is often ineffective and cannot monitor effects on surface vegetation, water development, mountain steep terrain and farmland subsidence, and even cannot get the trends of deformations in the process of mining and disaster forecasting information. This study focuses on how to monitor land surface changes efficiently in the process of coal-mining in the real time.
The thesis focuses on a monitoring analysis method that combines Interferometrtric Snyhtetie Apertuer Radar (InSAR) and a dislocation modeling. The small baseline subset (SBAS) approach is used to monitor ground deformation. The method can effectively overcome effect of decorrelation and enhance the accuracy of D-InSAR. A simplified dislocation model for vertical displacement is studied and the geodetic inversion method is used for the coal mine studied based on the InSAR deformation results to invert the mechanism of the coal mine deformation.
The thesis contains the following main research components:
1) Obtaining the temporal settlement sequence of Feng-Cheng coal mine based SBAS technology. After getting a PALSAR dataset of the Ping-Hu coal mine in Fengcheng City, Jiangxi Province, D-InSAR method is used to generate interferograms based on the method of optimal fusion and linear direction windows. The deformation field for different time intervals from2007to2008are exacted. After getting seven PALSAR images of the coal mine from2007to2008, the SBAS method is used to to estimate the accumulated settlements of the high coherent points to obtain the temporal settlement sequence. Leveling results are used to verify the deformation rates and accumulated settlements from the SBAS method.
2) Temporal-spatial deformation evolution of the surface deformation on mining area based on InSAR results. InSAR and leveling results are combined to analyze the temporal-spatial evolution of surface deformation in coal mining area and to predict surface deformation by deformation-time curve. The spatial surface deformation evolution of the coal mining area is analyzed based on the mining map and surface macroscopical deformation to determine the surface deformation of the working face.
3) Studying the simplified rectangular dislocation model. Based on the Okada rectangular dislocation model, a simplified rectangular dislocation model is established according to the characteristics of the coal mine's deformation and mining activities. The simplified rectangular dislocation model isused to invert the dislocation tensor to simulate the surface settlement of the mining area.
4) Inversion of the dislocation tensor in the mining area. Based on the simplified rectangular dislocation model and leveling data, the linear inversion algorithm-least squares and nonlinear inversion algorithm-Monte Carlo are used respectively to invertthe dislocation tensor to obtain the collapse trend of the mining area.
5) Simulation by the simplified rectangular dislocation model. According to accumulated settlement of about one year in the settlement funnels B and D of the mining area and the simplified rectangular dislocation model, the linear inversion algorithm-least squares and nonlinear inversion algorithm-Monte Carlo are used respectively to invert the dislocation tensors of the mining areato simulate the surface settlement of the mining area. It is shown that the simulation results are consistent with the surface settlement measured by SBAS method. Then SBAS monitoring data inversion and level momtoring data inversion were analyzed, and coal mining processes are analyzed based on the parameter inversion. The experimental results show that:Using the dislocation model of combining SBAS inversion of coal mine surface deformation monitoring technology is feasible.
论文重点围绕InSAR(合成孔径雷达干涉测量)技术结合位错模型对煤矿矿区进行监测的方法展开研究。针对InSAR技术大尺度形变监测,采用SBAS方法(短基线集)对满足一定时空基线的干涉对进行处理,有效地减弱时空基线引起的失相干问题,在提高D-InSAR结果精度的同时提高形变的时空分辨率；针对大地形变场研究的热门方法-位错模型,研究基于垂直方向的简化后位移位错模型,并结合InSAR结果利用大地测量反演方法反演煤矿塌陷机理。
论文主要研究工作如下：
1)采用SBAS(小基线集)技术获取丰城某煤矿时间序列沉降图
选择江西丰城市某煤矿矿区作为实验区,利用D-InSAR技术对获取的日本ALOS PALSAR数据进行差分干涉测量,采用最优化融合和线性方向窗口的方法生成干涉图,提取矿区2007-2008年矿区形变场。获取煤矿2007-2008年间的7景PALSAR影像,采用SBAS技术对数据进行处理,采用最小二乘法估计出高相干点时间序列上的沉降速率和累积沉降量,得到各影像不同时刻的时间序列沉降图,并利用研究区域已有的监测结果(水准数据)对本文获取的沉降速率和累积沉降量进行验证。
2)基于InSAR监测技术的矿区地表形变时空演化规律分析
结合常规水准监测数据和InSAR结果,对煤矿工作面开采导致的地表形变时间演化规律进行分析,通过形变时间曲线预报了地表形变所处的演化阶段,结合煤矿采工图及收集到的地表宏观形变信息数据,分析煤矿地表形变空间演化规律,判断矿区工作面地表形变所处的时空演化阶段。
3)研究基于煤矿塌陷机理的简化矩形位错理论模型
以Okada矩形位错理论模型为基础,根据煤矿塌陷的特点和煤矿开挖的实际情况来建立合理的地球物理反演模型—简化矩形位错模型,利用简化矩形位错模型对矿区塌陷进行位错位错张裂分量的反演,然后将反演的位错张裂分量模拟计算矿区地表沉降量。
4)采用大地测量反演方法对矿区塌陷进行位错位错张裂分量的反演
基于简化矩形位错模型,结合水准数据,将最小二乘线性反演算法与蒙特卡罗非线性反演算法分别对丰城某煤矿进行位错位错张裂分量的反演,得到矿区开采过程中的塌陷趋势量。
5) InSAR监测数据结合简化位错模型煤矿塌陷的参数反演
利用SBAS技术获取的矿区沉降漏斗B、D区域的大概1年内累积沉降量,结合简化矩形位错模型,采用最小二乘线性反演算法与蒙特卡罗非线性反演算法分别对矿区的位错位错张裂分量进行反演,并将反演的位错张裂分量来模拟计算矿区地表沉降量,然后将SBAS监测数据反演与水准监测数据反演进行对比分析,并基于参数反演对煤矿开采进度进行了分析；实验结果表明：利用简化位错模型结合SBAS监测技术反演煤矿地表形变是可行的。
Because of constraints in site conditions, most coal mines are underground mines. Excessive exploitation can destroy local environments, cause hazards such as ground subsidence and surface water encroachment and endanger workers' lives, resulting in great losses to local people and the country. However, most coal-mining firms in the country use only simple manual measurement techniques to monitor ground surface deformation, which is often ineffective and cannot monitor effects on surface vegetation, water development, mountain steep terrain and farmland subsidence, and even cannot get the trends of deformations in the process of mining and disaster forecasting information. This study focuses on how to monitor land surface changes efficiently in the process of coal-mining in the real time.
The thesis focuses on a monitoring analysis method that combines Interferometrtric Snyhtetie Apertuer Radar (InSAR) and a dislocation modeling. The small baseline subset (SBAS) approach is used to monitor ground deformation. The method can effectively overcome effect of decorrelation and enhance the accuracy of D-InSAR. A simplified dislocation model for vertical displacement is studied and the geodetic inversion method is used for the coal mine studied based on the InSAR deformation results to invert the mechanism of the coal mine deformation.
The thesis contains the following main research components:
1) Obtaining the temporal settlement sequence of Feng-Cheng coal mine based SBAS technology. After getting a PALSAR dataset of the Ping-Hu coal mine in Fengcheng City, Jiangxi Province, D-InSAR method is used to generate interferograms based on the method of optimal fusion and linear direction windows. The deformation field for different time intervals from2007to2008are exacted. After getting seven PALSAR images of the coal mine from2007to2008, the SBAS method is used to to estimate the accumulated settlements of the high coherent points to obtain the temporal settlement sequence. Leveling results are used to verify the deformation rates and accumulated settlements from the SBAS method.
2) Temporal-spatial deformation evolution of the surface deformation on mining area based on InSAR results. InSAR and leveling results are combined to analyze the temporal-spatial evolution of surface deformation in coal mining area and to predict surface deformation by deformation-time curve. The spatial surface deformation evolution of the coal mining area is analyzed based on the mining map and surface macroscopical deformation to determine the surface deformation of the working face.
3) Studying the simplified rectangular dislocation model. Based on the Okada rectangular dislocation model, a simplified rectangular dislocation model is established according to the characteristics of the coal mine's deformation and mining activities. The simplified rectangular dislocation model isused to invert the dislocation tensor to simulate the surface settlement of the mining area.
4) Inversion of the dislocation tensor in the mining area. Based on the simplified rectangular dislocation model and leveling data, the linear inversion algorithm-least squares and nonlinear inversion algorithm-Monte Carlo are used respectively to invertthe dislocation tensor to obtain the collapse trend of the mining area.
5) Simulation by the simplified rectangular dislocation model. According to accumulated settlement of about one year in the settlement funnels B and D of the mining area and the simplified rectangular dislocation model, the linear inversion algorithm-least squares and nonlinear inversion algorithm-Monte Carlo are used respectively to invert the dislocation tensors of the mining areato simulate the surface settlement of the mining area. It is shown that the simulation results are consistent with the surface settlement measured by SBAS method. Then SBAS monitoring data inversion and level momtoring data inversion were analyzed, and coal mining processes are analyzed based on the parameter inversion. The experimental results show that:Using the dislocation model of combining SBAS inversion of coal mine surface deformation monitoring technology is feasible.
引文
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