基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力研究
|
摘要
进入21世纪以来，在国家相关产业政策引导和扶持下，我国软件产业发展迅速，目前已经具备了一定的规模，但是困扰软件产业多年的产品结构低端化、企业规模不大、产业竞争力不强等矛盾依然突出，其主要原因之一就是技术创新能力不强。如何提高企业技术创新能力，成为摆在我国软件企业面前的重要课题。国际上关于企业技术创新能力的研究始于20世纪80年代，从研究现状看，企业技术创新能力构成、提升机理是研究的热点，研究的视角是多维的。其中知识共享视角的研究还是近期的事情，相关研究比较零散，对知识共享促进企业技术创新能力提升的机理、路径揭示还很不够。且基于软件企业的研究中，很少与软件企业自身的特征联系起来，对软件企业技术创新活动参考作用不强。为此，本文将研究的问题定位在基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力，并根据研究现状中的不足之处，将这一问题分解为以下4个方面：（1）软件企业技术创新能力构成维度。（2）基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力提升机理。（3）知识共享的组织行为因素维度，以及其与软件企业技术创新能力的关系。（4）基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力提升策略。
在研究逻辑上，通过文献回顾评述和相关理论基础的梳理，以及对位于广州的两家较大型软件企业技术创新、知识共享实践活动的案例研究，提出了软件企业技术创新能力构成维度，建立了软件企业技术创新能力提升机理框架。以此为基础并结合对知识共享组织行为因素的界定，对软件企业技术创新能力提升机理框架进行了拓展，构建了软件企业技术创新能力与知识共享关系的理论模型，提出了相应的假设。通过对广东区域内158家软件企业的问卷调查，对所提出的理论假设进行了统计验证分析。最后，应用验证分析结果探讨了我国软件企业技术创新能力提升的对策措施。
通过分析论证，本文主要获得了以下的结论：
1、从能力要素的视角，基于软件企业技术创新过程，软件企业技术创新能力构成包括企业的市场需求把握能力、技术把握能力、软件开发能力和软件产品交付能力4个维度。
2、从知识的视角，软件企业技术创新能力体现为企业组织知识。企业中的知识和企业组织知识是两个不同的概念，软件企业中的知识是存储在企业中个体、团队和企业组织3种知识主体中的知识，而企业组织知识是企业的行动理论，是企业的共同信念。软件企业组织知识的发展可以通过企业中个体成员的知识发展，以及企业知识共享来实现。换句话说，软件企业可以通过发展个体成员知识和知识共享来提升企业技术创新能力。个体成员知识发展是企业技术创新能力提升的基础，企业知识共享是企业技术创新能力提升的途径。
3、从组织行为的视角，软件企业知识共享产生于个体、团队和企业组织3个层面。首先，知识共享是个体之间的一种沟通过程，主要是软件开发团队成员之间的沟通。其次，知识共享是一种有组织的群体活动，是团队成员与整个团队的沟通。最后，知识共享还是企业组织的一种活动安排，是个体成员、团队与企业组织之间的一种沟通过程。对应这3个层面的4个知识共享组织行为因素：个体成员知识共享态度、团队领导知识共享领导力、企业知识共享设施以及企业知识共享制度，通过个体成员知识水平或者企业知识共享氛围的传导正向影响企业技术创新能力，由此形成了提升软件企业技术创新能力的7条路径。
4、按照提升软件企业技术创新能力的7条路径，基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力提升策略包括以下3个方面：一是明确企业组织知识发展的重点。基于当前软件技术创新的分布特征，应该更加关注市场需求、产品交付相关知识，以及开发过程的改进性技术和软件过程知识。二是重视发展个体成员知识。根据企业所在细分产业，重点发展个体成员的领域知识和技能；充分利用现代网络技术为企业员工创造良好的学习和交流环境。三是营造有利于知识共享的氛围。建立企业员工对知识共享的认同态度，使知识共享的正向信念成为员工的主导认识；配置具有知识共享领导力的软件开发团队领导，推动知识共享活动的开展；建立健全企业知识共享的规章制度，注重做好约束型的相关制度安排。
这些研究成果的得出，不仅丰富了企业技术创新能力理论，同时也为软件企业技术创新能力的构建活动提供了方法和路径，对促进软件产业发展具有现实意义。
With the support and the guide of our country’s related policies, the softwareindustry develops quickly since21stcentury in China. We have possessed a certainscale of industry in this field. But for many years, the problems which have alwayspersecuted still exist, such as the low product structure and the weak competitiveability. The main reason is the feeble capability of technological innovation. So howto improve its capability become our significantly important projects. In the world, theresearch on it began in the1980s. From their studies, we can see that their discussionsfocus on the components and the mechanisms to promote the technological innovationcapability. And their angles of study are multi-dimensional. But among them, thestudy on knowledge sharing only began a short term ago. And their related researchesare scattered and not much. They reveal less on the mechanism and methods whichare thought to make the knowledge sharing enhance the technological innovationcapability of firms. Meanwhile, the researches done for the object of software firmshave little relationship with the characteristics in software firms and also have notmuch value on the technological innovation activities. So the research problem in thisdissertation is focused on technological innovation capability in software firms basedon the knowledge sharing. In view of the shortcomings of the present studies, theresearch problem here is divided into four parts:(1) the dimension of technologicalinnovation capability in software firms;(2) the mechanism to promote thetechnological innovation capability in software firms on account of the knowledgesharing.(3) the organization behavior dimension of knowledge sharing and itsrelationship with the technological innovation capability in software firms;(4) theconstruction tactics of technological innovation capability in software firms.
The study logic in this paper is by reviewing the literature and the related basictheories, studying the cases—two famous software firms’ practice activities oftechnological innovation and knowledge sharing in Guangzhou. Based on these, thestudy puts forward the dimension of technological innovation capability in softwarefirms and reveals the mechanism to promote the technological innovation capability insoftware firms. At the same time, with the definition of the organization behaviorfactors of knowledge sharing, the study extends the promotion mechanism frame oftechnological innovation capability, constructs the theory model of relationshipbetween knowledge sharing and the technological innovation capability in software firms and suggests the hypotheses. The hypotheses are tested and verified by the dataanalysis based on the questionnaires from158software firms in Guangdong Province.At last, the study discusses the measures to construct the technological innovationcapability in software firms. By the theory analysis and the statistics testing, the studygets the conclusions as the following:
1. From the view of capability factors and based on the technological innovationprocess, the technological innovation capability in software firms can be decomposedas four kinds. They are the capability to understand the market, technologicalcapability, software developing capability and software products delivery capability.
2. From the view of knowledge, the technological innovation capability insoftware firms is embodied as the enterprise knowledge. The knowledge in theenterprise and the enterprise knowledge are two kinds of different concepts. Theknowledge in software firms means knowledge lies in the individuals, teams andenterprises. But enterprise knowledge means the enterprise action theory, that is, thecommon beliefs in the enterprise. The development of software enterprise knowledgecan be realized by developing the individuals’ knowledge and sharing the knowledge.In other words, the software enterprise can promote the technological innovationcapability by developing the individuals’ knowledge and sharing their knowledge. Theindividuals’ knowledge development is the basic of promoting the technologicalinnovation capability in the firm. The knowledge sharing are the way to improve thetechnological innovation capability in the firms.
3. From the view of organization behavior, knowledge sharing in the softwarefirms generates from the three layers of the individuals, team and enterpriseorganization. First, knowledge sharing is a communication procedure among theindividuals. It is mainly about the communication among the members of the softwaredeveloping team. Second, the knowledge sharing is an organized team activity. It is aprocedure of communication between the individuals and the team. Finally,knowledge sharing is still an organized activity. It is a communicating procedureamong the individuals, team and enterprise.
There are four factors to correspond with these three layers. They are the attitudeof individual’s knowledge sharing, the team leaders’ leadership capability ofknowledge sharing, the facilities of knowledge sharing in enterprise and the rules ofknowledge sharing in enterprise.
Through the transmission of the individual’s knowledge level and of theenterprise knowledge sharing atmosphere, these four factors positively influence thetechnological innovation capability of the firms. And the seven paths of constructingtechnological innovation capability are therefore taken shape.
4. According to these seven paths and on account of the knowledge sharing insoftware firms, the construction tactics of technological innovation capability in software firms includes three aspects: the first is to make the key points of enterpriseknowledge development clear. According to the current distributed characteristics ofsoftware technological innovation in China, more attention should be paid to therelated knowledge of the needs of market and the product delivery, to the improvedtechnology and the software procedure knowledge during the process of development.The second is to highly think of the individual’s knowledge. According to theirdifferent business, how to cultivate the individual’s knowledge and skill in the fieldbecomes their focus. It is essential to create a better environment of study andcommunication for the staff of the firms by fully using the modern internettechnology. The third is to build a favorable atmosphere for knowledge sharing. Whatwe should do is to identify the staff’s attitude toward the knowledge sharing; to makethe positive belief of knowledge sharing become their dominant consciousness; toassign the team leaders of software development who own the leadership ofknowledge sharing to push the activity of knowledge sharing forward; to set up theperfect rules and regulations and to lay emphasis on the arrangement of therelevant restricted rules.
The outcome of the study not only enriches the theory of technologicalinnovation in enterprise but also supplies the methods and paths to construct theactivities of technological innovation capability in software firms. It also possessesthe realistic significance for promoting the development in software industry.
在研究逻辑上，通过文献回顾评述和相关理论基础的梳理，以及对位于广州的两家较大型软件企业技术创新、知识共享实践活动的案例研究，提出了软件企业技术创新能力构成维度，建立了软件企业技术创新能力提升机理框架。以此为基础并结合对知识共享组织行为因素的界定，对软件企业技术创新能力提升机理框架进行了拓展，构建了软件企业技术创新能力与知识共享关系的理论模型，提出了相应的假设。通过对广东区域内158家软件企业的问卷调查，对所提出的理论假设进行了统计验证分析。最后，应用验证分析结果探讨了我国软件企业技术创新能力提升的对策措施。
通过分析论证，本文主要获得了以下的结论：
1、从能力要素的视角，基于软件企业技术创新过程，软件企业技术创新能力构成包括企业的市场需求把握能力、技术把握能力、软件开发能力和软件产品交付能力4个维度。
2、从知识的视角，软件企业技术创新能力体现为企业组织知识。企业中的知识和企业组织知识是两个不同的概念，软件企业中的知识是存储在企业中个体、团队和企业组织3种知识主体中的知识，而企业组织知识是企业的行动理论，是企业的共同信念。软件企业组织知识的发展可以通过企业中个体成员的知识发展，以及企业知识共享来实现。换句话说，软件企业可以通过发展个体成员知识和知识共享来提升企业技术创新能力。个体成员知识发展是企业技术创新能力提升的基础，企业知识共享是企业技术创新能力提升的途径。
3、从组织行为的视角，软件企业知识共享产生于个体、团队和企业组织3个层面。首先，知识共享是个体之间的一种沟通过程，主要是软件开发团队成员之间的沟通。其次，知识共享是一种有组织的群体活动，是团队成员与整个团队的沟通。最后，知识共享还是企业组织的一种活动安排，是个体成员、团队与企业组织之间的一种沟通过程。对应这3个层面的4个知识共享组织行为因素：个体成员知识共享态度、团队领导知识共享领导力、企业知识共享设施以及企业知识共享制度，通过个体成员知识水平或者企业知识共享氛围的传导正向影响企业技术创新能力，由此形成了提升软件企业技术创新能力的7条路径。
4、按照提升软件企业技术创新能力的7条路径，基于知识共享的软件企业技术创新能力提升策略包括以下3个方面：一是明确企业组织知识发展的重点。基于当前软件技术创新的分布特征，应该更加关注市场需求、产品交付相关知识，以及开发过程的改进性技术和软件过程知识。二是重视发展个体成员知识。根据企业所在细分产业，重点发展个体成员的领域知识和技能；充分利用现代网络技术为企业员工创造良好的学习和交流环境。三是营造有利于知识共享的氛围。建立企业员工对知识共享的认同态度，使知识共享的正向信念成为员工的主导认识；配置具有知识共享领导力的软件开发团队领导，推动知识共享活动的开展；建立健全企业知识共享的规章制度，注重做好约束型的相关制度安排。
这些研究成果的得出，不仅丰富了企业技术创新能力理论，同时也为软件企业技术创新能力的构建活动提供了方法和路径，对促进软件产业发展具有现实意义。
With the support and the guide of our country’s related policies, the softwareindustry develops quickly since21stcentury in China. We have possessed a certainscale of industry in this field. But for many years, the problems which have alwayspersecuted still exist, such as the low product structure and the weak competitiveability. The main reason is the feeble capability of technological innovation. So howto improve its capability become our significantly important projects. In the world, theresearch on it began in the1980s. From their studies, we can see that their discussionsfocus on the components and the mechanisms to promote the technological innovationcapability. And their angles of study are multi-dimensional. But among them, thestudy on knowledge sharing only began a short term ago. And their related researchesare scattered and not much. They reveal less on the mechanism and methods whichare thought to make the knowledge sharing enhance the technological innovationcapability of firms. Meanwhile, the researches done for the object of software firmshave little relationship with the characteristics in software firms and also have notmuch value on the technological innovation activities. So the research problem in thisdissertation is focused on technological innovation capability in software firms basedon the knowledge sharing. In view of the shortcomings of the present studies, theresearch problem here is divided into four parts:(1) the dimension of technologicalinnovation capability in software firms;(2) the mechanism to promote thetechnological innovation capability in software firms on account of the knowledgesharing.(3) the organization behavior dimension of knowledge sharing and itsrelationship with the technological innovation capability in software firms;(4) theconstruction tactics of technological innovation capability in software firms.
The study logic in this paper is by reviewing the literature and the related basictheories, studying the cases—two famous software firms’ practice activities oftechnological innovation and knowledge sharing in Guangzhou. Based on these, thestudy puts forward the dimension of technological innovation capability in softwarefirms and reveals the mechanism to promote the technological innovation capability insoftware firms. At the same time, with the definition of the organization behaviorfactors of knowledge sharing, the study extends the promotion mechanism frame oftechnological innovation capability, constructs the theory model of relationshipbetween knowledge sharing and the technological innovation capability in software firms and suggests the hypotheses. The hypotheses are tested and verified by the dataanalysis based on the questionnaires from158software firms in Guangdong Province.At last, the study discusses the measures to construct the technological innovationcapability in software firms. By the theory analysis and the statistics testing, the studygets the conclusions as the following:
1. From the view of capability factors and based on the technological innovationprocess, the technological innovation capability in software firms can be decomposedas four kinds. They are the capability to understand the market, technologicalcapability, software developing capability and software products delivery capability.
2. From the view of knowledge, the technological innovation capability insoftware firms is embodied as the enterprise knowledge. The knowledge in theenterprise and the enterprise knowledge are two kinds of different concepts. Theknowledge in software firms means knowledge lies in the individuals, teams andenterprises. But enterprise knowledge means the enterprise action theory, that is, thecommon beliefs in the enterprise. The development of software enterprise knowledgecan be realized by developing the individuals’ knowledge and sharing the knowledge.In other words, the software enterprise can promote the technological innovationcapability by developing the individuals’ knowledge and sharing their knowledge. Theindividuals’ knowledge development is the basic of promoting the technologicalinnovation capability in the firm. The knowledge sharing are the way to improve thetechnological innovation capability in the firms.
3. From the view of organization behavior, knowledge sharing in the softwarefirms generates from the three layers of the individuals, team and enterpriseorganization. First, knowledge sharing is a communication procedure among theindividuals. It is mainly about the communication among the members of the softwaredeveloping team. Second, the knowledge sharing is an organized team activity. It is aprocedure of communication between the individuals and the team. Finally,knowledge sharing is still an organized activity. It is a communicating procedureamong the individuals, team and enterprise.
There are four factors to correspond with these three layers. They are the attitudeof individual’s knowledge sharing, the team leaders’ leadership capability ofknowledge sharing, the facilities of knowledge sharing in enterprise and the rules ofknowledge sharing in enterprise.
Through the transmission of the individual’s knowledge level and of theenterprise knowledge sharing atmosphere, these four factors positively influence thetechnological innovation capability of the firms. And the seven paths of constructingtechnological innovation capability are therefore taken shape.
4. According to these seven paths and on account of the knowledge sharing insoftware firms, the construction tactics of technological innovation capability in software firms includes three aspects: the first is to make the key points of enterpriseknowledge development clear. According to the current distributed characteristics ofsoftware technological innovation in China, more attention should be paid to therelated knowledge of the needs of market and the product delivery, to the improvedtechnology and the software procedure knowledge during the process of development.The second is to highly think of the individual’s knowledge. According to theirdifferent business, how to cultivate the individual’s knowledge and skill in the fieldbecomes their focus. It is essential to create a better environment of study andcommunication for the staff of the firms by fully using the modern internettechnology. The third is to build a favorable atmosphere for knowledge sharing. Whatwe should do is to identify the staff’s attitude toward the knowledge sharing; to makethe positive belief of knowledge sharing become their dominant consciousness; toassign the team leaders of software development who own the leadership ofknowledge sharing to push the activity of knowledge sharing forward; to set up theperfect rules and regulations and to lay emphasis on the arrangement of therelevant restricted rules.
The outcome of the study not only enriches the theory of technologicalinnovation in enterprise but also supplies the methods and paths to construct theactivities of technological innovation capability in software firms. It also possessesthe realistic significance for promoting the development in software industry.
引文
①李德生.全球软件产业发展特点与趋势分析[J].全球科技经济嘹望,2012,第4期:52‐57.
②2011年软件产业统计数据均引自工业和信息化部网站：http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11293832/n11294132/n12858477/index_5.html。
③周宏仁主编.中国信息化进程[M].人民出版社,2009：第489页.
④周宏仁主编.中国信息化进程[M].人民出版社,2009：第490页.
①McGee, K.. The2011Gartner Scenario: Current States and Future Directions of the IT Industry. G00209949.Gartner;2011.
①许进,李志红.中国软件企业自主创新的模式选择[J].自然辩证法研究,2009,第25卷第6期:56‐59.
①周源,余菲菲.2005‐2010年我国技术创新与管理研究热点分析[J].情报杂志,2012,第31卷第1期:88‐94.
①Barton. D. L. The Case of Integrative Innovation: an Expert System at Digital, Solon Management Review,Vol.29No.1,1987:7-19.
②Cohen, W.M., Levinthal, D.A.. Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective On Learning And Innovation[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35No.1,1990:128-152.
③Lall S. Technological capabilities and industrialization[J]. World Development Vol.20No.2,1992:165-186.
④Kogut B., Zander U.. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capability and the replication of technology[J].Organization Science Vol.3No.3,1992:383-397.
①Szeto E.. Innovation capacity: Working towards a mechanism for improving innovation within aninter-organizational network[J]. The TQM Magazine, Vol.12No.2,2000:149-157.
②Cakar, N. D., Erturk,A.. Comparing innovation capability of small and medium-sized enterprises: examining theeffects of organizational culture and empowerment [J]. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.48No.3,2010:
325-359.
③Westphal L, Rhee Y, Pursell G. Sources of technological capability in South Korea[J]. Technological Capabilityin the Third World,1984:279-300.
④傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998：320‐321.
⑤魏江，寒午.企业技术创新能力的界定及其与核心能力的关联[J].科研管理，1998,第6期:12‐17.
⑥Burgelman R. A., Maidique M., Wheelwright S C.. Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation[M].New York: McGraw-Hill，2000.7:31-34.
⑦Yam R.C.M., Guan J.C., Pun K.F., Tang E.P.Y.. An audit of technological innovation capabilities in Chinesefirms: somen empirical findings in Beijing, China[J]. Research Policy, Vol.33No.8,2004:1123-1140.
①Capaldo, G., Iandoli, L., Raffa, M., Zollo, G.. The evaluation of innovation capabilities in small software firms:A methodological approach[J]. Small Business Economics, Vol.21No.4,2003:343-354.
②Koch C.. Innovation networking between stability and political dynamics[J]. Technovation Vol.24No.9,2004:729-739.
③Capaldo G., Iandoli L., Raffa M., Zollo G.. The evaluation of innovation capabilities in small software firms: amethodological approach [J]. Small Business Economics Vol.21No.4,2003:343-354.
④Szeto E.. Innovation capacity: Working towards a mechanism for improving innovation within aninter-organizational network[J]. The TQM Magazine, Vol.12No.2,2000:149-157.
⑤Romijn H., Albaladejo M.. Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms insoutheast England[J]. Research Policy, Vol.31No.7,2002:1053-1067.
①Gallivan, M. J.. The influence of software developers' creative style on their attitudes to and assimilation of asoftware process innovation[J]. Information&management, Vol.40No.5,2003:443-465.
②Gary Jordan, Esbjorn Segelod. Software innovativeness: outcomes on project performance, knowledgeenhancement, and external linkages [J]. R&D Management Vol.36No.2,2006:127-142.
③许媛，李靖华.浙江软件企业自主创新能力构建分析[J].科学学研究，2007,第6期：114-119.
①黄建宏.软件企业创新的若干思考[J].经济论坛，2009,第2期：88-90.
②McDermott,C.,Stock,G.N..Organizational culture and advanced manufacturing[J]. Journal of OperationsManagement, Vol.17No.5,1999:521-533.
③潘旭明.网络环境下企业技术创新的影响因素和模式分析[J].商业研究，2002,第13期:14-16.
④池仁勇.企业技术创新效率及其影响因素研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究，2003,第6期:1-6.
⑤高旭东.技术创新能力培养：特定的培养顺序还是有效的R&D [J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005,第26卷第6期：64-68.
⑥徐晟.基于灰色模型的企业技术创新影响因素分析[J].合肥工业大学学报，2005，第8期：第849页.
⑦Liao S.H., Fei W.H., Chen C.C.. Knowledge sharing, absorptive capability, and innovation capability: anempirical study of Taiwan’s knowledge-intensive industries[J]. Journal of Information Science, Vol.33No.3,2007:340-359.
⑧蒋永康.中小企业技术创新能力影响因素的研究[J].商场现代化，2009,第2期:81-82.
⑨Cakar, N. D., Erturk,A.. Comparing innovation capability of small and medium-sized enterprises: examining theeffects of organizational culture and empowerment [J]. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.48No.3,2010:325-359.
①Delgado-Verde M., Castro G. M., Navas-Lopez J. E.. Organizational knowledge assets and innovation capability-Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms[J]. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.12No.1,2011:5-19.
②Mehrabani S.E., Shajari M.. Knowledge management and innovation capacity[J]. Journal of ManagementResearch, Vol.4No.2,2012:164-177.
①Senge P M. Sharing Knowledge[J]. Executive Excellence, Vol.14No.11,1997:17-18.
②Wijnhoven F.. Knowledge Logistics in Business Contexts: Analyzing and Diagnosing Know ledge Sharing byLogistics Concepts [J]. Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.5No.3,1998:143-157.
③Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivation for Knowledge Sharing[J].Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
④Eriksson IV, Dickson GW.. Knowledge sharing in high technology companies[J]. AMCIS2000Proceedings,2000:1330-1335.
①Dyer J., Nobeoka K.. Creating and managing a high performance knowledge-sharing network: the Toyotacase[J]. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.21No.3,2000:345-367.
②闫芬,陈国权.实施大规模定制中组织知识共享研究[J].管理工程学报，2002,第3期：39-44.
③Connelly C.E.,Kelloway E.K.. Predictors of employees’perceptions of knowledge sharing cultures[J].Leadership&Organization Development Journal, Vol.24, No.5,2003:294-301.
④Ackerman M.S., Pipek V., Wulf V.. Sharing expertise: Beyond knowledge management[M]. The MIT Press,2003:31-32.
⑤Van den Hooff, B., De Ridder, J. A.. Knowledge sharing in context: The influence of organizationalcommitment, communication climate and CMC use on knowledge sharing[J]. Journal of KnowledgeManagement, Vol.8No.6,2004:117-130.
⑥魏江,王艳.企业内部知识共享模式研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2004,第1期:68-69.
①De Vries RE, Van den Hooff, B., De Ridder, J. A.. Explaining Knowledge SharingThe Role of TeamCommunication Styles, Job Satisfaction, and Performance Beliefs[J]. Communication Research, Vol.33No.2,2006:115-135.
②Lin H.F.. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study [J]. International Journal ofManpower, Vol.28No.3/4,2007:315-332.
③Wang S., Noe R.A.. Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research[J]. Human ResourceManagement Review, Vol.20No.2,2010:115–131.
④Bryant S.E.. The impact of peer mentoring on organizational knowledge creation and sharing: An empiricalstudy in a software firm[J]. Group&Organization Management, Vol.30No.3,2005:319-338.
⑤Kautz K., Kjoergaard A.. Towards an integrated model of knowledge sharing in software development: insightsfrom a case study [J]. International Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.3No.2,2007:91-117.
⑥Wang M.H., Huang C.F., Yang T.Y.. The Effect of Project Environment on the Relationship Between KnowledgeSharing and Team Creativity in the Software Development Context[J]. International Journal of Business andInformation, Vol.7No.1,2012:59-80.
①宝贡敏，徐碧祥.国外知识共享理论研究述评[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2007,第13卷第2期:43-49.
②曹兴，刘芳，邬陈锋.知识共享理论的研究述评[J].软科学,2010,第9期:133-137.
③Monge, P. R., Cozzens, M. D., Contractor, N.S.. communication and motivational predictors of the dynamics oforganizational innovation[J]. Organization Science, Vol.3No.2,1992:250-274.
④Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge-Creating Company [M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1995,61-72.
⑤Darroch J., McNaughton R.. Examining the link between knowledge management practices and types ofinnovation[J]. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.3No.3,2002:210-222.
⑥许庆瑞，徐静.嵌入知识共享平台，提升组织创新能力[J].科学管理研究，2004,第1期：13-19.
①Lin H.F.. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study [J]. International Journal ofManpower, Vol.28No.3/4,2007:315-332.
②Mei S., Nie M.. Relationship between knowledge sharing, knowledge characteristics, absorptive capacity andinnovation: an empirical study of Wuhan optoelectronic cluster [J]. The Business Review, Cambridge Vol.7No.2,2007:154-160.
③宋志红，陈澍，范黎波.知识特性、知识共享与企业创新能力关系的实证研究[J].科学学研究，2010，第28卷第4期，597-634.
④Kamasak R., Bulutlar F.. The influence of knowledge sharing on innovation[J]. European Business Review,Vol.22No.3,2010:306-317.
⑤MacCurtain S., Flood P.C., Ramamoorthy N., West M.A. and Dawson J.F.. The Top Management Team,Reflexivity, Knowledge Sharing and New Product Performance: A Study of the Irish Software Industry[J].Creativity and Innovation Management, cVol.19No.3,2010:219-232.aim
①Rahab, Sulistyandari, Sudjono. The development of innovation capability of small medium enterprises throughknowledge sharing process: an empirical study of Indonesian creative industry[J]. International Journal ofBusiness and Social Science, Vol.2No.21,2011:112-123.
②宝贡敏，徐碧祥.国外知识共享理论研究述评[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2007,第13卷第2期:43-49.
①[美]Robert S. Pindyck, Daniel L. Rubinfeld著.微观经济学[M].张军等译,中国人民大学出版社,2000：第581页.
①[美]Walker Royce, Kurt Bittner, Mike Perrow著.软件开发经济学[M],苏敬凯等译,机械工业出版社，2010：第5页。
①（美）Walker Royce, Kurt Bittner, Mike Perrow著.软件开发经济学[M].苏敬凯等译,机械工业出版社，2010：第56页。
③[美]熊彼特著.熊彼特：经济发展理论[M].邹建平译,中国画报出版社,2012：68‐70.
①Damanpour F., Szabat K.A., Evan W.M.. The relationship between types of innovation and organizationalperformance[J]. Journal of Management Studies, Vol.13No.3,1992:375-402.
②[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社,2004：第7页.
③[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社,2004：第39页.
④[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社,2004：第131页.
⑤[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社,2004：255‐263.
①傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998：5‐18.
②翁君奕，林迎星.创新激励-驱动知识经济的发展[M].经济管理出版社，2003：第27页.
③Chanal V.. Methods for studying innovation processes: Towards a complementarity between organizational andcognitive perspectives[J]. European Journal of Economic and Social Systems, Vol.13No.1,1999:41-58.
①Nieto M.. Proposition for the study of the technological innovation process[J]. European Journal of InnovationManagement, Vol.7No.4,2004:314-324.
②OECD. Oslo Manual: Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data. Paris,2005.
③Mothe C., Thi T.U.N.. The link between non-technological innovation and technological innovation[J].European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.13No.3,2010:313-332.
①傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998:第37页.
②Chanal V.. Methods for studying innovation processes: Towards a complementarity between organizational andcognitive perspectives[J]. European Journal of Economic and Social Systems, Vol.13No.1,1999:41-58.
③翁君奕，林迎星.创新激励-驱动知识经济的发展[M].经济管理出版社，2003:第39页.
①Nieto M.. Proposition for the study of the technological innovation process[J]. European Journal of InnovationManagement, Vol.7No.4,2004:314-324.
②傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998:第37页至第42页.
①傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998:第42页至第45页.
①[美] ChrisArgyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社，2011.
①Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge-Creating Company[M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1995:56-90.
①梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第1页.
②梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第52页.
①Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
①魏江,朱海燕.高技术产业集群创新过程模式演化及发展研究-以杭州软件产业集群为例[J].研究与发展管理,2006(6):116-121.
①朱三元，钱乐秋，宿为民.软件工程技术概论[M].科学出版社，2002：第16页.
①[美]Walker Royce, Kurt Bittner, Mike Perrow著.软件开发经济学[M],苏敬凯等译,机械工业出版社，2010年，第20页。
①赖茂生.信息资源管理教程[M]，清华大学出版社，2006：第348页.
①赖茂生.信息资源管理教程[M]，清华大学出版社，2006：第356页。
②鲁强,陈超,王智广.一种支持软件知识共享的本体模型研究[J].计算机应用,2010,第30卷第2期:402-405.
①[美] Jared R. Richardson, William A. Gwaltney Jr..软件项目成功之道[M].苏金国等译,人民邮电出版社,2011：第75页。
②[美] Jared R. Richardson, William A. Gwaltney Jr..软件项目成功之道[M].苏金国等译,人民邮电出版社,2011,第15页。
③[美] Jared R. Richardson, William A. Gwaltney Jr..软件项目成功之道[M].苏金国等译,人民邮电出版社,2011,第89页。
①Robbins S.P..Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice-Hall,2001: P.285.
②Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivation for Knowledge Sharing[J].Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
①Kautz K., Kjoergaard A.. Towards an integrated model of knowledge sharing in software development: insightsfrom a case study [J]. International Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.3No.2,2007:91-117.
②Martinez-Fernandez, MC, Soosay, CA, Bjorkli, M, Tremayne, K.. Are knowledge-intensive service activitiesenablers of innovation processes?–A study of Australian software firms[C]. International CINet Conference5th22-25Sept.2004Sydney:986-999.
①Senge P M. Sharing Knowledge[J]. Executive Excellence, Vol.14No.11,1997:17-18.
②Lall S. Technological capabilities and industrialization[J]. World Development, Vol.20No.2,1992:165-186.
③[美] Chris Argyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011：11-12.
①[美] ChrisArgyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011：12‐13.
②杨芙清.软件工程技术发展思索[J].软件学报, Vol.16No.1,2005:1‐7.
①郑国光，李怀祖.基于知识共享的软件开发组织协作模式研究[J].情报杂志,2007,第11期:2-4.
①[美] ChrisArgyris，DonaldA. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011:第10页
②[美] Chris Argyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011:第16页
③[美] Chris Argyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011:第17页.
①Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge-Creating Company [M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1995:61-72.
②和金生，熊德勇.知识管理应当研究什么？[J].科学学研究，2004，第22卷第1期：70-75.
③Bhatt,G..Knowledge management in organizations: examining the interaction between technologies, techniques,and people[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.5No.1,2001:68-75.
④Szulanski G.. The process of knowledge transfer: A diachronic analysis of stickiness[J]. Organizational Behaviorand Human Decision Processes, Vol.17,1996:27-43.
⑤Andrews K.M., Delahay B.L.. Influence on knowledge processes in organizational learning: The psychosocialfilter[J]. Journal of Management Studies, Vol.37No.6,2000:797-810.
⑥刘锟发，李菁楠.国内外组织内部知识共享影响因素研究综述[J].图书馆学研究，2010,第8期：8-12.
①Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivation for Knowledge Sharing[J].Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
②Robbins S.P..Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice-Hall,2001: P.285.
③Berman S., Heilweg S.. Perceived supervisor communication competence and supervisor satisfaction as afunction of quality circle participation[J]. The Journal of Business Communication, Vol.26No.2,1989:103-122.
④Leonard D., straus.. Putting your companies whole brain to work[J]. Harvard Business Review, Vol.75No.4,1997:110-121.
⑤王君，樊治平，潘星.组织知识的动态发展过程研究[J].科学学研究，2005，第23卷第1期:111-117.
⑥Bhatt G.D.. Management strategies for individual knowledge and organizational knowledge[J]. Journal ofKnowledge Management, Vol.5No.1,2001:68-75.
①梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第59页.
①Rajagopalan, N., Rasheed,A.M.A., Datta, D.K.. strategic decision processes: critical review and futuredirections[J]. Journal of Management, Vol.19No.2,1993:349-384.
①严怡民等.现代情报学理论[M].武汉大学出版社，1996：第99页.
②Celia,Z., Jaime,B..Assessing the team environment for knowledge sharing: An empirical analysis[J]. TheInternational Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol.14No.7,2003:1227-1245.
①Szulanski G.Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm[J].Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17,1996:27-43.
②Cummings J.L.,Teng B.. Transferring Knowledge: The Key Factors Affecting Knowledge Transfer Success[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol.20No.1-2,2003:39-68.
③Ojha A.K.. Impact of team demography on knowledge sharing in software project teams [J]. South AsianJournal of Management, Vol.12No.3,2005:67-78.
①郝文杰,鞠晓峰.企业研发团队知识共享影响因素的实证研究[J]，北京理工大学学报，2010,第30卷第2期:249-252.
②Sproull R., Kiesler S.. Connections: New Ways of Working in the Networked Organization[M], MIT Press,1991:45-60.
③唐炎华,石金涛.我国企业知识型员工知识转移的影响因素实证研究[J].管理工程学报,2007,第2期:34-41.
④Hamel G..Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning within International Strategic Alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12No.1,1991:83-103.
⑤Lin H.F.. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study [J]. International Journal ofManpower, Vol.28No.3/4,2007:315-332.
⑥张新，刘位龙.软件企业知识共享影响因素模式研究[J].信息技术与信息化，2006,第5期：102-103.
①O'Reilly C, Pondy L. Organizational communication[J]. Organizational behavior,1979:119-150.
②Bartol,K.M., Srivastava, A.. Encouraging knowledge sharing:The role of organizational reward system[J].Journal of Leadership&Organizational Studies. Summer, Vol.9No.1,2002:64-67.
③Bock G.W.,Kim YG.. Break the Myths of Rewards: An Exploratory Study of Attitudes about KnowledgeSharing[J]. Information Resources Management Journal, Vol.15No.2,2002:14-21.
④张新，刘位龙.软件企业知识共享影响因素模式研究[J].信息技术与信息化，2006,第5期：102-103.
①Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
①Celia,Z., Jaime,B.. Assessing the team environment for knowledge sharing: An empirical analysis[J]. TheInternational Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol.14No.7,2003:1227-1245.
②SeersA.. Team-member exchange quality: a new construct for role-making research[J]. Organizational Behaviorand Human Decision Processes, Vol.43No.1,1989:118-135.
③Baum JAC,Ingram P..Survival enhancing learning in the Manhattan hotel industry[J]. Management Science,Vol.44No.7,1998:996-1016.
④Constant D., Sproull L., Keisler S.. What’s mine is ours, or is it? A study of attitudes about informationsharing[J]. Information Systems Research, Vol.5No.4,1994:400-421.
⑤Robbins S.P.. Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice-Hall,2001: p.314.
⑥Lim,D., Klobas,J.. Knowledge management in small enterprises[J]. The Electronic Library, Vol.18, No.6,2000:420-432.
①Bloodgood,J.M., Salisbury,W.D..Understanding the influence of organizational change strategies on informationtechnology and knowledge management strategies[J]. Decision Support Systems, Vol.31,2001:55-69.
②Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivation for Knowledge Sharing[J].Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
③Stenmark,D.. Leveraging tacit organizational knowledge[J]. Journal of Management Information Systems,Vol.17, No.3,2000-2001:9-24.
④梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第59页.
①梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第52页.
①严怡民等.现代情报学理论[M].武汉大学出版社，1996：第99页.
①Ajzen, I.. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
①吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第3页.
②吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第8页.
③吴明隆.结构方程模型-AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第14页.
④吴明隆.结构方程模型-AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第15页.
①吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第54‐57页.
①吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第55页.
②吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第226‐228页.
①侯杰泰等.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京：教育科学出版社，2004.
②Chau P.Y.K., Hu P.J.E.. Information technology acceptance by individual professionals: a model comparisonapproach [J]. Decision Sciences, Vol.31No.4,2001:699-719.
③吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第44页.
①杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报, Vol.30No.12A,2002:1901‐1906.
②杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报, Vol.30No.12A,2002:1901‐1906.
①杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报, Vol.30No.12A,2002:1901‐1906.
②杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报, Vol.30No.12A,2002:1901‐1906.
①Gatinon H., Tushman M.L., Smith W.,Anderson P..Astructural approach to accessing innovation: constructdevelopment of innovation locus, type and characteristics[J]. Management Science, Vol.48No.9,2002:1103-1122.
①吴爱华,苏敬勤.人力资本专用性、创新能力与新产品开发绩效‐基于技术创新类型的实证分析[J].科学学研究, Vol.30No.6,2012:950‐960.
②吴爱华,苏敬勤.人力资本专用性、创新能力与新产品开发绩效‐基于技术创新类型的实证分析[J].科学学研究, Vol.30No.6,2012:950‐960.
①Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
①Robbins S.P.. Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice‐Hall,2001: P.267.
1． Ackerman M.S., Pipek V., Wulf V.. Sharing expertise: Beyond knowledgemanagement[M]. The MIT Press,2003.
2． Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior andHuman Decision Processes, Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
3． Andrews K.M., Delahay B.L.. Influence on knowledge processes inorganizational learning: The psychosocial filter[J]. Journal of ManagementStudies, Vol.37No.6,2000:797-810.
4． Bagozzi R.P., Yi Y.. On the evaluation of structural equation model[J]. Journal ofAcademy of Marketing Science, Vol.16No.1,1988:74-94.
5． Bartol,K.M., Srivastava, A.. Encouraging knowledge sharing:The role oforganizational reward system[J]. Journal of Leadership&OrganizationalStudies. Summer, Vol.9No.1,2002:64-67.
6． Barton. D. L. The Case of Integrative Innovation: an Expert System at Digital,Solon Management Review, Vol.29No.1,1987:7-19.
7． Baum JAC,Ingram P..Survival enhancing learning in the Manhattan hotelindustry[J]. Management Science, Vol.44No.7,1998:996-1016.
8． Berman S., Heilweg S.. Perceived supervisor communication competence andsupervisor satisfaction as a function of quality circle participation[J]. The Journalof Business Communication, Vol.26No.2,1989:103-122.
9． Bhatt,G..Knowledge management in organizations: examining the interactionbetween technologies, techniques, and people[J]. Journal of KnowledgeManagement, Vol.5No.1,2001:68-75.
10．Bloodgood,J.M., Salisbury,W.D..Understanding the influence of organizationalchange strategies on information technology and knowledge managementstrategies[J]. Decision Support Systems, Vol.31,2001:55-69.
11．Bock G.W.,Kim YG.. Break the Myths of Rewards: An Exploratory Study ofAttitudes about Knowledge Sharing[J]. Information Resources ManagementJournal, Vol.15No.2,2002:14-21.
12．Bryant S.E.. The impact of peer mentoring on organizational knowledge creationand sharing: An empirical study in a software firm[J]. Group&OrganizationManagement, Vol.30No.3,2005:319-338.
13．Burgelman R. A.，Maidique M.，Wheelwright S C. Strategic Management ofTechnology and Innovation[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill，2000.
14．Cakar, N. D., Erturk, A.. Comparing innovation capability of small andmedium-sized enterprises: examining the effects of organizational culture andempowerment[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.48No.3,2010:325-359.
15．Capaldo G., Iandoli L., Raffa M., Zollo G.. The evaluation of innovationcapabilities in small software firms: a methodological approach [J]. SmallBusiness Economics Vol.21No.4,2003:343-354.
16．Celia,Z., Jaime,B.. Assessing the team environment for knowledge sharing: Anempirical analysis[J]. The International Journal of Human ResourceManagement, Vol.14No.7,2003:1227-1245.
17．Chanal V.. Methods for studying innovation processes: Towards acomplementarity between organizational and cognitive perspectives[J]. EuropeanJournal of Economic and Social Systems, Vol.13No.1,1999:41-58.
18．Cohen, W.M., Levinthal, D.A.. Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective OnLearning And Innovation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35No.1,1990:128-152.
19．Connelly C.E., Kelloway E.K.. Predictors of employees’ perceptions ofknowledge sharing cultures[J]. Leadership&Organization Development Journal,Vol.24, No.5,2003:294-301.
20．Constant D., Sproull L., Keisler S.. What’s mine is ours, or is it? A study ofattitudes about information sharing[J]. Information Systems Research, Vol.5No.4,1994:400-421.
21．Crossan M.M., Apaydin M.. A multi-dimensional framework of organizationalinnovation: A systematic review of the literature[J]. Journal of ManagementStudies, Vol.47No.6,2010:1154-1191.
22．Cummings J.L.,Teng B..Transferring Knowledge:The Key Factors AffectingKnowledge Transfer Success[J]. Journal of Engineering and TechnologyManagement. Vol.20No.1-2,2003:39-68.
23．Damanpour, F.. Organizational size and innovation[J]. Organization Studies, Vol.13No.3,1992:375-402.
24．Damanpour F., Szabat K.A., Evan W.M.. The relationship between types ofinnovation and organizational performance[J]. Journal of Management Studies,Vol.26No.6,1989:587-601.
25．Darroch J., McNaughton R.. Examining the link between knowledgemanagement practices and types of innovation[J]. Journal of Intellectual Capital,Vol.3No.3,2002, pp.210-222.
26．Davenport T H, Prusak L. Working Knowledge: How Organizations ManageWhat They Know [M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press,1998.
27．De Vries RE, Van den Hooff, B., De Ridder, J. A.. Explaining KnowledgeSharing The Role of Team Communication Styles, Job Satisfaction, andPerformance Beliefs[J]. Communication Research, Vol.33No.2,2006:115-135.
28．Dean Leffingwell, Don Widrig.软件需求管理：用例方法（英文版第二版）[M].机械工业出版社，2004.
29．Delgado-Verde M., Castro G. M., Navas-Lopez J. E.. Organizational knowledgeassets and innovation capability-Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms[J].Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.12No.1,2011:5-19.
30．Donald A. Marchand and Forest W. Horton, Jr.：INFOTRENDS–Profictingfrom Your Information Resources[M]. JHON WILEY&SONS, INC.,1986.
31．Dyer J., Nobeoka K.. Creating and managing a high performanceknowledge-sharing network: the Toyota case[J]. Strategic Management Journal,Vol.21No.3,2000:345-367.
32．Ebert C.. A brief history of software technology[J]. IEEE Software,November/December2008:22-25.
33．Eriksson I V, Dickson G W. Knowledge Sharing in High TechnologyCompanies[C], Proceedings of American Conference on Information Systems(AMCIS),2000:1330-1335.
34．Freel M.S.. Patterns of innovation and skills in small firms[J]. Technovation,Vol.25No.2,2005:123-134.
35．Gallivan, M. J.. The influence of software developers' creative style on theirattitudes to and assimilation of a software process innovation[J]. Information&management, Vol.40No.5,2003:443-465.
36．Gary Jordan, Esbjorn Segelod. Software innovativeness: outcomes on projectperformance, knowledge enhancement, and external linkages [J]. R&DManagement Vol.36No.2,2006:127-142.
37．Gatinon H., Tushman M.L., Smith W., Anderson P.. A structural approach toaccessing innovation: construct development of innovation locus, type andcharacteristics[J]. Management Science, Vol.48No.9,2002:1103-1122.
38．Gunday G., Ulusoy G., Kilic K., Alpkan L.. Effects of innovation types on firmperformance[J]. International Journal of Production Economics Vol.133No.2,2011:662-676.
39．Hakansson H., Waluszewski A.. Path dependence: Restricting or facilitatingtechnical development[J]. Journal of Business Research, Vol.55No7.2002:561-570.
40．Hamel G..Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning withinInternational Strategic Alliances[J]. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12No.1,1991:83-103.
41．Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivationfor Knowledge Sharing[J]. Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
42．Kamasak R., Bulutlar F.. The influence of knowledge sharing on innovation[J].European Business Review, Vol.22No.3,2010:306-317.
43．Kautz K., Kjoergaard A.. Towards an integrated model of knowledge sharing insoftware development: insights from a case study [J]. International Journal ofKnowledge Management, Vol.3No.2,2007:91-117.
44．Keupp M. M., Palmié M., Gassmann O.. The Strategic Management ofInnovation: A Systematic Review and Paths for Future Research[J], InternationalJournal of Management Reviews, Vol.14No.4,2012:367-390.
45．Koc T.. Organizational determinants of innovation capacity in softwarecompanies [J]. Computers&Industrial Engineering, Vol.53No.3,2007:373-385.
46．Koch C.. Innovation networking between stability and political dynamics [J].Technovation Vol.24No.9,2004:729-739.
47．Kogut B., Zander U.. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capability and thereplication of technology[J]. Organization Science Vol.3No.3,1992:383-397.
48．Lall S. Technological capabilities and industrialization[J]. World Development,Vol.20No.2,1992:165-186.
49．Leonard D., Straus S.. Putting your companies whole brain to work[J]. HarvardBusiness Review, Vol.75No.4,1997:110-121.
50．Liao S.H., Fei W.H., Chen C.C.. Knowledge sharing, absorptive capability, andinnovation capability: an empirical study of Taiwan’s knowledge-intensiveindustries[J]. Journal of Information Science, Vol.33No.3,2007:340-359.
51．Lin H.F..Impact of organizational support on organizational intension tofacilitate knowledge sharing[J]. Knowledge Management Research&Practice,Vol.4No.1,2006:26-35.
52．Lin H.F.. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study[J]. International Journal of Manpower Vol.28No.3/4,2007:315-332.
53．Lim,D., Klobas,J.. Knowledge management in small enterprises[J]. TheElectronic Library, Vol.18, No.6,2000:420-432.
54．MacCurtain S., Flood P.C., Ramamoorthy N., West M.A. and Dawson J.F.. TheTop Management Team, Reflexivity, Knowledge Sharing and New ProductPerformance: A Study of the Irish Software Industry[J]. Creativity andInnovation Management, cVol.19No.3,2010:219-232.a
55．Martinez-Fernandez, MC, Soosay, CA, Bjorkli, M, Tremayne, K.. Areknowledge-intensive service activities enablers of innovation processes?–Astudy of Australian software firms[C]. International CINet Conference5th22-25Sept.2004Sydney:986-999.
56．McDermott,C.,Stock,G.N..Organizational culture and advanced manufacturing[J].Journal of Operations Management, Vol.17No.5,1999:521-533.
57．McGee, K.. The2011Gartner Scenario: Current States and Future Directions ofthe IT Industry. G00209949. Gartner;2011.
58．Mehrabani S.E., Shajari M.. Knowledge management and innovation capacity[J].Journal of Management Research, Vol.4No.2,2012:164-177.
59．Mei S., Nie M.. Relationship between knowledge sharing, knowledgecharacteristics, absorptive capacity and innovation: an empirical study of Wuhanoptoelectronic cluster [J]. The Business Review, Cambridge Vol.7No.2Summer2007:154-160.
60．Monge, P. R., Cozzens, M. D., Contractor, N.S.. communication andmotivational predictors of the dynamics of organizational innovation[J].Organization Science, Vol.3No.2,1992:250-274.
61．Mothe C., Thi T.U.N.. The link between non-technological innovation andtechnological innovation[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management,Vol.13No.3,2010:313-332.
62．Mowery DC eds. The International Computer Software Industry: A ComparativeStudy of Industry Evolution and Structure[M]. New York: Oxford UniversityPress，2005.
63．Nambisan S.. Software firm evolution and innovation-orientation[J]. The Journalof Product Innovation Management, Vol.12No.3,2008:48-52.
64．Nieto M.. Proposition for the study of the technological innovation process[J].European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.7No.4,2004:314-324.
65．Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge-Creating Company[M]. New York:Oxford University Press,1995.
66．OECD. Oslo Manual: Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and InterpretingTechnological Innovation Data. Paris,2005.
67．Ojha A.K.. Impact of team demography on knowledge sharing in softwareproject teams [J]. South Asian Journal of Management, Vol.12No.3,2005:67-78.
68．O'Reilly C, Pondy L. Organizational communication[J]. Organizational behavior,1979:119-150.
69．Panda H.,Ramanathan K.. Technological capability assessment of a firm in theelectricity sector[J]. Technovation, Vol.10No.16,1996:561-588.
70．Phillips, R.. Innovation and firm performance in Australian manufacturing.staff research paper, Industry Commission, Canberra,1997.
71．Rahab, Sulistyandari, Sudjono. The development of innovation capability ofsmall medium enterprises through knowledge sharing process: an empiricalstudy of Indonesian creative industry[J]. International Journal of Business andSocial Science, Vol.2No.21,2011:112-123.
72．Rajagopalan, N., Rasheed, A.M.A., Datta, D.K.. strategic decision processes:critical review and future directions[J]. Journal of Management, Vol.19No.2,1993:349-384.
73．Robbins S.P.. Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice-Hall,2001.
74．Romijn H., Albaladejo M.. Determinants of innovation capability in smallelectronics and software firms in southeast England[J]. Research Policy, Vol.31No.7,2002:1053-1067.
75．Rothwell R.. Towards the fifth-generation innovation process[J]. InternationalMarketing Review, Vol.11No.1,1994:7-31.
76．Seers A.. Team-member exchange quality: a new construct for role-makingresearch[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.43No.1,1989:118-135.
77．Senge P M. Sharing Knowledge [J]. Executive Excellence, Vol.14No.11,1997:17-18.
78．Simon Commander. The Software Industry in Emerging Markets[M]. EdwardElgar Publishing Limited,2005.
79．Sproull R., Kiesler S..Connections:New Ways of Working in the NetworkedOrganization[M], MIT Press,1991.
80．Stenmark,D.. Leveraging tacit organizational knowledge[J]. Journal ofManagement Information Systems, Vol.17, No.3,2000-2001:9-24.
81．Szeto E.. Innovation capacity: Working towards a mechanism for improvinginnovation within an inter-organizational network. The TQM Magazine, Vol.12No.2,2000:149-157.
82．Szulanski G.. Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of BestPractice within the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17,1996:27-43.
83．Szulanski G.. The process of knowledge transfer: A diachronic analysis ofstickiness[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.82No.1,2000:9-27.
84．Van den Hooff, B., De Ridder, J. A.. Knowledge sharing in context: Theinfluence of organizational commitment, communication climate and CMC useon knowledge sharing[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.8No.6,2004:117-130.
85．Wang M.H., Huang C.F., Yang T.Y.. The Effect of Project Environment on theRelationship Between Knowledge Sharing and Team Creativity in the SoftwareDevelopment Context[J]. International Journal of Business and Information,Vol.7No.1,2012:59-80.
86．Wang S., Noe R.A.. Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for futureresearch[J]. Human Resource Management Review, Vol.20No.2,2010:115–131.
87．Westphal L, Rhee Y, Pursell G. Sources of technological capability in SouthKorea[J]. Technological Capability in the Third World,1984:279-300.
88．Wijnhoven F.. Knowledge Logistics in Business Contexts: Analyzing andDiagnosing Know ledge Sharing by Logistics Concepts [J]. Knowledge andProcess Management, Vol.5No.3,1998:143-157.
89．Yam R.C.M., Guan J.C., Pun K.F., Tang E.P.Y.. An audit of technologicalinnovation capabilities in Chinese firms: somen empirical findings in Beijing,China[J]. Research Policy, Vol.33No.8,2004:1123-1140.
90．[美]Alistair Cockburn著.敏捷软件开发[M].苏敬凯等译,机械工业出版社,2008.
91．宝贡敏，徐碧祥.国外知识共享理论研究述评[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2007,第13卷第2期:43-49.
92．曹兴，刘芳，邬陈锋.知识共享理论的研究述评[J].软科学，2010，第9期:133-137.
93．池仁勇.企业技术创新效率及其影响因素研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究，2003,第6期:1-6.
94．[美] Chris Argyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社，2011.
95．迭代模型.百度文库.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/92d7378a6529647d272852d8.html.
96．[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社，2004.
97．冯忠良等.教育心理学（第二版）[M].人民教育出版社，2010.http://www.pep.com.cn/xgjy/xlyj/xlshuku/xlsk1/115/jyxlx/201012/t20101210_985283.htm.
98．傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998.
99．[美]Hafedh Mili, Ali Mili, Sherif Yacoub, Edward Addy著.基于重用的软件工程-技术、组织和控制[M].韩柯等译,电子工业出版社，2003.
100．高旭东.技术创新能力培养：特定的培养顺序还是有效的R&D [J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005,第26卷第6期：64-68.
101．和金生，熊德勇.知识管理应当研究什么？[J].科学学研究，2004，第22卷第1期：70-75.
102．郝文杰,鞠晓峰.企业研发团队知识共享影响因素的实证研究[J]，北京理工大学学报，2010,第30卷第2期:249-252.
103．侯杰泰等.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京：教育科学出版社，2004.
104．黄建宏.软件企业创新的若干思考[J].经济论坛，2009,第2期：88-90.
105．[美] Jared R. Richardson, William A. Gwaltney Jr..软件项目成功之道[M].苏金国等译,人民邮电出版社,2011.
106．蒋永康.中小企业技术创新能力影响因素的研究[J].商场现代化,2009,第2期:81-82.
107．赖茂生.信息资源管理教程[M]，清华大学出版社，2006.
108．李德生.全球软件产业发展特点与趋势分析[J].全球科技经济嘹望,2012,第4期:52-57.
109．连燕华.技术创新过程的信息模型[J].科技管理研究，2004,第2期:l-6.
110．梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009.
111．刘锟发，李菁楠.国内外组织内部知识共享影响因素研究综述[J].图书馆学研究，2010,第8期：8-12.
112．陆惠恩.软件工程基础[M].人民邮电出版社，2005.
113．鲁强,陈超,王智广.一种支持软件知识共享的本体模型研究[J].计算机应用,2010,第30卷第2期:402-405.
114．罗润东，沈洪溥，马素红，赵明.新经济因素对企业组织模式影响研究：以天津市软件企业发展为例[J].南开经济研究，2003,第1期：14-18.
115．潘旭明.网络环境下企业技术创新的影响因素和模式分析[J].商业研究，2002,第13期:14-16.
116．[美]Robert S. Pindyck, Daniel L. Rubinfeld著.微观经济学[M]，张军等译，中国人民大学出版社，2000.
117． Seven Muller编.创新聚焦—产业创新手册[M].陈劲译,清华大学出版社,2000.
118．石颖,邓小昭.以布鲁克斯方程阐释知识结构[J].情报理论与实践，2007,第30卷第1期：11-13.
119．施良方.学习论[M].人民教育出版社,2005.
120．宋志红，陈澍，范黎波.知识特性、知识共享与企业创新能力关系的实证研究[J].科学学研究，2010，第28卷第4期，597-634.
121．唐炎华,石金涛.我国企业知识型员工知识转移的影响因素实证研究[J].管理工程学报,2007,第2期:34-41.
122．王君，樊治平，潘星.组织知识的动态发展过程研究[J].科学学研究，2005，第23卷第1期:111-117.
123．魏江，寒午.企业技术创新能力的界定及其与核心能力的关联[J].科研管理，1998,第6期:12-17.
124．魏江,王艳.企业内部知识共享模式研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2004,第1期:68-69.
125．魏江，朱海燕.高技术产业集群创新过程模式演化及发展研究–以杭州软件产业集群为例[J].研究与发展管理，2006,第6期:116-121.
126．翁君奕，林迎星.创新激励-驱动知识经济的发展[M].经济管理出版社，2003.
127．[美]Walker Royce, Kurt Bittner, Mile Perrow著.软件开发经济学[M],苏敬凯，金振林译,机械工业出版社,2010.
128．吴爱华,苏敬勤.人力资本专用性、创新能力与新产品开发绩效---基于技术创新类型的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2012,第30卷第6期:950-960.
129．吴明隆.结构方程模型-AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011.
130．许进，李志红.中国软件企业自主创新的模式选择[J].自然辩证法研究，2009，第25卷第6期，56-60.
131．许庆瑞，徐静.嵌入知识共享平台，提升组织创新能力[J].科学管理研究，2004,第1期：13-19.
132．许媛，李靖华.浙江软件企业自主创新能力构建分析[J].科学学研究，2007,第6期：114-119.
133．徐晟.基于灰色模型的企业技术创新影响因素分析[J].合肥工业大学学报，2005，第8期：第849页.
134．[美]熊彼特著.熊彼特：经济发展理论[M].邹建平译,中国画报出版社,2012.
135．闫芬,陈国权.实施大规模定制中组织知识共享研究[J].管理工程学报，2002,第3期：39-44.
136．严怡民等.现代情报学理论[M].武汉大学出版社，1996.
137．杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报,2002,第30卷第12A期:1901-1906.
138．杨芙清.软件工程技术发展思索[J].软件学报,2005,第16卷第1期:1-7.
139．张新，刘位龙.软件企业知识共享影响因素模式研究[J].信息技术与信息化，2006,第5期：102-103.
140．郑国光，李怀祖.基于知识共享的软件开发组织协作模式研究[J].情报杂志，2007,第11期:2-4.
141．朱三元，钱乐秋，宿为民.软件工程技术概论[M].科学出版社，2002.
142．钟义信.信息科学原理[M].北京邮电大学出版社，1996.
143．周宏仁主编.中国信息化进程[M].人民出版社,2009.
144．周源,余菲菲.2005-2010年我国技术创新与管理研究热点分析[J].情报杂志,2012,第31卷第1期:88-94.
②2011年软件产业统计数据均引自工业和信息化部网站：http://www.miit.gov.cn/n11293472/n11293832/n11294132/n12858477/index_5.html。
③周宏仁主编.中国信息化进程[M].人民出版社,2009：第489页.
④周宏仁主编.中国信息化进程[M].人民出版社,2009：第490页.
①McGee, K.. The2011Gartner Scenario: Current States and Future Directions of the IT Industry. G00209949.Gartner;2011.
①许进,李志红.中国软件企业自主创新的模式选择[J].自然辩证法研究,2009,第25卷第6期:56‐59.
①周源,余菲菲.2005‐2010年我国技术创新与管理研究热点分析[J].情报杂志,2012,第31卷第1期:88‐94.
①Barton. D. L. The Case of Integrative Innovation: an Expert System at Digital, Solon Management Review,Vol.29No.1,1987:7-19.
②Cohen, W.M., Levinthal, D.A.. Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective On Learning And Innovation[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35No.1,1990:128-152.
③Lall S. Technological capabilities and industrialization[J]. World Development Vol.20No.2,1992:165-186.
④Kogut B., Zander U.. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capability and the replication of technology[J].Organization Science Vol.3No.3,1992:383-397.
①Szeto E.. Innovation capacity: Working towards a mechanism for improving innovation within aninter-organizational network[J]. The TQM Magazine, Vol.12No.2,2000:149-157.
②Cakar, N. D., Erturk,A.. Comparing innovation capability of small and medium-sized enterprises: examining theeffects of organizational culture and empowerment [J]. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.48No.3,2010:
325-359.
③Westphal L, Rhee Y, Pursell G. Sources of technological capability in South Korea[J]. Technological Capabilityin the Third World,1984:279-300.
④傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998：320‐321.
⑤魏江，寒午.企业技术创新能力的界定及其与核心能力的关联[J].科研管理，1998,第6期:12‐17.
⑥Burgelman R. A., Maidique M., Wheelwright S C.. Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation[M].New York: McGraw-Hill，2000.7:31-34.
⑦Yam R.C.M., Guan J.C., Pun K.F., Tang E.P.Y.. An audit of technological innovation capabilities in Chinesefirms: somen empirical findings in Beijing, China[J]. Research Policy, Vol.33No.8,2004:1123-1140.
①Capaldo, G., Iandoli, L., Raffa, M., Zollo, G.. The evaluation of innovation capabilities in small software firms:A methodological approach[J]. Small Business Economics, Vol.21No.4,2003:343-354.
②Koch C.. Innovation networking between stability and political dynamics[J]. Technovation Vol.24No.9,2004:729-739.
③Capaldo G., Iandoli L., Raffa M., Zollo G.. The evaluation of innovation capabilities in small software firms: amethodological approach [J]. Small Business Economics Vol.21No.4,2003:343-354.
④Szeto E.. Innovation capacity: Working towards a mechanism for improving innovation within aninter-organizational network[J]. The TQM Magazine, Vol.12No.2,2000:149-157.
⑤Romijn H., Albaladejo M.. Determinants of innovation capability in small electronics and software firms insoutheast England[J]. Research Policy, Vol.31No.7,2002:1053-1067.
①Gallivan, M. J.. The influence of software developers' creative style on their attitudes to and assimilation of asoftware process innovation[J]. Information&management, Vol.40No.5,2003:443-465.
②Gary Jordan, Esbjorn Segelod. Software innovativeness: outcomes on project performance, knowledgeenhancement, and external linkages [J]. R&D Management Vol.36No.2,2006:127-142.
③许媛，李靖华.浙江软件企业自主创新能力构建分析[J].科学学研究，2007,第6期：114-119.
①黄建宏.软件企业创新的若干思考[J].经济论坛，2009,第2期：88-90.
②McDermott,C.,Stock,G.N..Organizational culture and advanced manufacturing[J]. Journal of OperationsManagement, Vol.17No.5,1999:521-533.
③潘旭明.网络环境下企业技术创新的影响因素和模式分析[J].商业研究，2002,第13期:14-16.
④池仁勇.企业技术创新效率及其影响因素研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究，2003,第6期:1-6.
⑤高旭东.技术创新能力培养：特定的培养顺序还是有效的R&D [J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005,第26卷第6期：64-68.
⑥徐晟.基于灰色模型的企业技术创新影响因素分析[J].合肥工业大学学报，2005，第8期：第849页.
⑦Liao S.H., Fei W.H., Chen C.C.. Knowledge sharing, absorptive capability, and innovation capability: anempirical study of Taiwan’s knowledge-intensive industries[J]. Journal of Information Science, Vol.33No.3,2007:340-359.
⑧蒋永康.中小企业技术创新能力影响因素的研究[J].商场现代化，2009,第2期:81-82.
⑨Cakar, N. D., Erturk,A.. Comparing innovation capability of small and medium-sized enterprises: examining theeffects of organizational culture and empowerment [J]. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.48No.3,2010:325-359.
①Delgado-Verde M., Castro G. M., Navas-Lopez J. E.. Organizational knowledge assets and innovation capability-Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms[J]. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.12No.1,2011:5-19.
②Mehrabani S.E., Shajari M.. Knowledge management and innovation capacity[J]. Journal of ManagementResearch, Vol.4No.2,2012:164-177.
①Senge P M. Sharing Knowledge[J]. Executive Excellence, Vol.14No.11,1997:17-18.
②Wijnhoven F.. Knowledge Logistics in Business Contexts: Analyzing and Diagnosing Know ledge Sharing byLogistics Concepts [J]. Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.5No.3,1998:143-157.
③Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivation for Knowledge Sharing[J].Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
④Eriksson IV, Dickson GW.. Knowledge sharing in high technology companies[J]. AMCIS2000Proceedings,2000:1330-1335.
①Dyer J., Nobeoka K.. Creating and managing a high performance knowledge-sharing network: the Toyotacase[J]. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.21No.3,2000:345-367.
②闫芬,陈国权.实施大规模定制中组织知识共享研究[J].管理工程学报，2002,第3期：39-44.
③Connelly C.E.,Kelloway E.K.. Predictors of employees’perceptions of knowledge sharing cultures[J].Leadership&Organization Development Journal, Vol.24, No.5,2003:294-301.
④Ackerman M.S., Pipek V., Wulf V.. Sharing expertise: Beyond knowledge management[M]. The MIT Press,2003:31-32.
⑤Van den Hooff, B., De Ridder, J. A.. Knowledge sharing in context: The influence of organizationalcommitment, communication climate and CMC use on knowledge sharing[J]. Journal of KnowledgeManagement, Vol.8No.6,2004:117-130.
⑥魏江,王艳.企业内部知识共享模式研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2004,第1期:68-69.
①De Vries RE, Van den Hooff, B., De Ridder, J. A.. Explaining Knowledge SharingThe Role of TeamCommunication Styles, Job Satisfaction, and Performance Beliefs[J]. Communication Research, Vol.33No.2,2006:115-135.
②Lin H.F.. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study [J]. International Journal ofManpower, Vol.28No.3/4,2007:315-332.
③Wang S., Noe R.A.. Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research[J]. Human ResourceManagement Review, Vol.20No.2,2010:115–131.
④Bryant S.E.. The impact of peer mentoring on organizational knowledge creation and sharing: An empiricalstudy in a software firm[J]. Group&Organization Management, Vol.30No.3,2005:319-338.
⑤Kautz K., Kjoergaard A.. Towards an integrated model of knowledge sharing in software development: insightsfrom a case study [J]. International Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.3No.2,2007:91-117.
⑥Wang M.H., Huang C.F., Yang T.Y.. The Effect of Project Environment on the Relationship Between KnowledgeSharing and Team Creativity in the Software Development Context[J]. International Journal of Business andInformation, Vol.7No.1,2012:59-80.
①宝贡敏，徐碧祥.国外知识共享理论研究述评[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2007,第13卷第2期:43-49.
②曹兴，刘芳，邬陈锋.知识共享理论的研究述评[J].软科学,2010,第9期:133-137.
③Monge, P. R., Cozzens, M. D., Contractor, N.S.. communication and motivational predictors of the dynamics oforganizational innovation[J]. Organization Science, Vol.3No.2,1992:250-274.
④Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge-Creating Company [M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1995,61-72.
⑤Darroch J., McNaughton R.. Examining the link between knowledge management practices and types ofinnovation[J]. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.3No.3,2002:210-222.
⑥许庆瑞，徐静.嵌入知识共享平台，提升组织创新能力[J].科学管理研究，2004,第1期：13-19.
①Lin H.F.. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study [J]. International Journal ofManpower, Vol.28No.3/4,2007:315-332.
②Mei S., Nie M.. Relationship between knowledge sharing, knowledge characteristics, absorptive capacity andinnovation: an empirical study of Wuhan optoelectronic cluster [J]. The Business Review, Cambridge Vol.7No.2,2007:154-160.
③宋志红，陈澍，范黎波.知识特性、知识共享与企业创新能力关系的实证研究[J].科学学研究，2010，第28卷第4期，597-634.
④Kamasak R., Bulutlar F.. The influence of knowledge sharing on innovation[J]. European Business Review,Vol.22No.3,2010:306-317.
⑤MacCurtain S., Flood P.C., Ramamoorthy N., West M.A. and Dawson J.F.. The Top Management Team,Reflexivity, Knowledge Sharing and New Product Performance: A Study of the Irish Software Industry[J].Creativity and Innovation Management, cVol.19No.3,2010:219-232.aim
①Rahab, Sulistyandari, Sudjono. The development of innovation capability of small medium enterprises throughknowledge sharing process: an empirical study of Indonesian creative industry[J]. International Journal ofBusiness and Social Science, Vol.2No.21,2011:112-123.
②宝贡敏，徐碧祥.国外知识共享理论研究述评[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2007,第13卷第2期:43-49.
①[美]Robert S. Pindyck, Daniel L. Rubinfeld著.微观经济学[M].张军等译,中国人民大学出版社,2000：第581页.
①[美]Walker Royce, Kurt Bittner, Mike Perrow著.软件开发经济学[M],苏敬凯等译,机械工业出版社，2010：第5页。
①（美）Walker Royce, Kurt Bittner, Mike Perrow著.软件开发经济学[M].苏敬凯等译,机械工业出版社，2010：第56页。
③[美]熊彼特著.熊彼特：经济发展理论[M].邹建平译,中国画报出版社,2012：68‐70.
①Damanpour F., Szabat K.A., Evan W.M.. The relationship between types of innovation and organizationalperformance[J]. Journal of Management Studies, Vol.13No.3,1992:375-402.
②[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社,2004：第7页.
③[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社,2004：第39页.
④[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社,2004：第131页.
⑤[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社,2004：255‐263.
①傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998：5‐18.
②翁君奕，林迎星.创新激励-驱动知识经济的发展[M].经济管理出版社，2003：第27页.
③Chanal V.. Methods for studying innovation processes: Towards a complementarity between organizational andcognitive perspectives[J]. European Journal of Economic and Social Systems, Vol.13No.1,1999:41-58.
①Nieto M.. Proposition for the study of the technological innovation process[J]. European Journal of InnovationManagement, Vol.7No.4,2004:314-324.
②OECD. Oslo Manual: Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data. Paris,2005.
③Mothe C., Thi T.U.N.. The link between non-technological innovation and technological innovation[J].European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.13No.3,2010:313-332.
①傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998:第37页.
②Chanal V.. Methods for studying innovation processes: Towards a complementarity between organizational andcognitive perspectives[J]. European Journal of Economic and Social Systems, Vol.13No.1,1999:41-58.
③翁君奕，林迎星.创新激励-驱动知识经济的发展[M].经济管理出版社，2003:第39页.
①Nieto M.. Proposition for the study of the technological innovation process[J]. European Journal of InnovationManagement, Vol.7No.4,2004:314-324.
②傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998:第37页至第42页.
①傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998:第42页至第45页.
①[美] ChrisArgyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社，2011.
①Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge-Creating Company[M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1995:56-90.
①梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第1页.
②梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第52页.
①Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
①魏江,朱海燕.高技术产业集群创新过程模式演化及发展研究-以杭州软件产业集群为例[J].研究与发展管理,2006(6):116-121.
①朱三元，钱乐秋，宿为民.软件工程技术概论[M].科学出版社，2002：第16页.
①[美]Walker Royce, Kurt Bittner, Mike Perrow著.软件开发经济学[M],苏敬凯等译,机械工业出版社，2010年，第20页。
①赖茂生.信息资源管理教程[M]，清华大学出版社，2006：第348页.
①赖茂生.信息资源管理教程[M]，清华大学出版社，2006：第356页。
②鲁强,陈超,王智广.一种支持软件知识共享的本体模型研究[J].计算机应用,2010,第30卷第2期:402-405.
①[美] Jared R. Richardson, William A. Gwaltney Jr..软件项目成功之道[M].苏金国等译,人民邮电出版社,2011：第75页。
②[美] Jared R. Richardson, William A. Gwaltney Jr..软件项目成功之道[M].苏金国等译,人民邮电出版社,2011,第15页。
③[美] Jared R. Richardson, William A. Gwaltney Jr..软件项目成功之道[M].苏金国等译,人民邮电出版社,2011,第89页。
①Robbins S.P..Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice-Hall,2001: P.285.
②Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivation for Knowledge Sharing[J].Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
①Kautz K., Kjoergaard A.. Towards an integrated model of knowledge sharing in software development: insightsfrom a case study [J]. International Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.3No.2,2007:91-117.
②Martinez-Fernandez, MC, Soosay, CA, Bjorkli, M, Tremayne, K.. Are knowledge-intensive service activitiesenablers of innovation processes?–A study of Australian software firms[C]. International CINet Conference5th22-25Sept.2004Sydney:986-999.
①Senge P M. Sharing Knowledge[J]. Executive Excellence, Vol.14No.11,1997:17-18.
②Lall S. Technological capabilities and industrialization[J]. World Development, Vol.20No.2,1992:165-186.
③[美] Chris Argyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011：11-12.
①[美] ChrisArgyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011：12‐13.
②杨芙清.软件工程技术发展思索[J].软件学报, Vol.16No.1,2005:1‐7.
①郑国光，李怀祖.基于知识共享的软件开发组织协作模式研究[J].情报杂志,2007,第11期:2-4.
①[美] ChrisArgyris，DonaldA. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011:第10页
②[美] Chris Argyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011:第16页
③[美] Chris Argyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社,2011:第17页.
①Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge-Creating Company [M]. New York: Oxford University Press,1995:61-72.
②和金生，熊德勇.知识管理应当研究什么？[J].科学学研究，2004，第22卷第1期：70-75.
③Bhatt,G..Knowledge management in organizations: examining the interaction between technologies, techniques,and people[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.5No.1,2001:68-75.
④Szulanski G.. The process of knowledge transfer: A diachronic analysis of stickiness[J]. Organizational Behaviorand Human Decision Processes, Vol.17,1996:27-43.
⑤Andrews K.M., Delahay B.L.. Influence on knowledge processes in organizational learning: The psychosocialfilter[J]. Journal of Management Studies, Vol.37No.6,2000:797-810.
⑥刘锟发，李菁楠.国内外组织内部知识共享影响因素研究综述[J].图书馆学研究，2010,第8期：8-12.
①Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivation for Knowledge Sharing[J].Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
②Robbins S.P..Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice-Hall,2001: P.285.
③Berman S., Heilweg S.. Perceived supervisor communication competence and supervisor satisfaction as afunction of quality circle participation[J]. The Journal of Business Communication, Vol.26No.2,1989:103-122.
④Leonard D., straus.. Putting your companies whole brain to work[J]. Harvard Business Review, Vol.75No.4,1997:110-121.
⑤王君，樊治平，潘星.组织知识的动态发展过程研究[J].科学学研究，2005，第23卷第1期:111-117.
⑥Bhatt G.D.. Management strategies for individual knowledge and organizational knowledge[J]. Journal ofKnowledge Management, Vol.5No.1,2001:68-75.
①梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第59页.
①Rajagopalan, N., Rasheed,A.M.A., Datta, D.K.. strategic decision processes: critical review and futuredirections[J]. Journal of Management, Vol.19No.2,1993:349-384.
①严怡民等.现代情报学理论[M].武汉大学出版社，1996：第99页.
②Celia,Z., Jaime,B..Assessing the team environment for knowledge sharing: An empirical analysis[J]. TheInternational Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol.14No.7,2003:1227-1245.
①Szulanski G.Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of Best Practice within the Firm[J].Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17,1996:27-43.
②Cummings J.L.,Teng B.. Transferring Knowledge: The Key Factors Affecting Knowledge Transfer Success[J].Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, Vol.20No.1-2,2003:39-68.
③Ojha A.K.. Impact of team demography on knowledge sharing in software project teams [J]. South AsianJournal of Management, Vol.12No.3,2005:67-78.
①郝文杰,鞠晓峰.企业研发团队知识共享影响因素的实证研究[J]，北京理工大学学报，2010,第30卷第2期:249-252.
②Sproull R., Kiesler S.. Connections: New Ways of Working in the Networked Organization[M], MIT Press,1991:45-60.
③唐炎华,石金涛.我国企业知识型员工知识转移的影响因素实证研究[J].管理工程学报,2007,第2期:34-41.
④Hamel G..Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning within International Strategic Alliances[J].Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12No.1,1991:83-103.
⑤Lin H.F.. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study [J]. International Journal ofManpower, Vol.28No.3/4,2007:315-332.
⑥张新，刘位龙.软件企业知识共享影响因素模式研究[J].信息技术与信息化，2006,第5期：102-103.
①O'Reilly C, Pondy L. Organizational communication[J]. Organizational behavior,1979:119-150.
②Bartol,K.M., Srivastava, A.. Encouraging knowledge sharing:The role of organizational reward system[J].Journal of Leadership&Organizational Studies. Summer, Vol.9No.1,2002:64-67.
③Bock G.W.,Kim YG.. Break the Myths of Rewards: An Exploratory Study of Attitudes about KnowledgeSharing[J]. Information Resources Management Journal, Vol.15No.2,2002:14-21.
④张新，刘位龙.软件企业知识共享影响因素模式研究[J].信息技术与信息化，2006,第5期：102-103.
①Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
①Celia,Z., Jaime,B.. Assessing the team environment for knowledge sharing: An empirical analysis[J]. TheInternational Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol.14No.7,2003:1227-1245.
②SeersA.. Team-member exchange quality: a new construct for role-making research[J]. Organizational Behaviorand Human Decision Processes, Vol.43No.1,1989:118-135.
③Baum JAC,Ingram P..Survival enhancing learning in the Manhattan hotel industry[J]. Management Science,Vol.44No.7,1998:996-1016.
④Constant D., Sproull L., Keisler S.. What’s mine is ours, or is it? A study of attitudes about informationsharing[J]. Information Systems Research, Vol.5No.4,1994:400-421.
⑤Robbins S.P.. Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice-Hall,2001: p.314.
⑥Lim,D., Klobas,J.. Knowledge management in small enterprises[J]. The Electronic Library, Vol.18, No.6,2000:420-432.
①Bloodgood,J.M., Salisbury,W.D..Understanding the influence of organizational change strategies on informationtechnology and knowledge management strategies[J]. Decision Support Systems, Vol.31,2001:55-69.
②Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivation for Knowledge Sharing[J].Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
③Stenmark,D.. Leveraging tacit organizational knowledge[J]. Journal of Management Information Systems,Vol.17, No.3,2000-2001:9-24.
④梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第59页.
①梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009：第52页.
①严怡民等.现代情报学理论[M].武汉大学出版社，1996：第99页.
①Ajzen, I.. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
①吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第3页.
②吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第8页.
③吴明隆.结构方程模型-AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第14页.
④吴明隆.结构方程模型-AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第15页.
①吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第54‐57页.
①吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第55页.
②吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第226‐228页.
①侯杰泰等.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京：教育科学出版社，2004.
②Chau P.Y.K., Hu P.J.E.. Information technology acceptance by individual professionals: a model comparisonapproach [J]. Decision Sciences, Vol.31No.4,2001:699-719.
③吴明隆.结构方程模型‐AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011：第44页.
①杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报, Vol.30No.12A,2002:1901‐1906.
②杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报, Vol.30No.12A,2002:1901‐1906.
①杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报, Vol.30No.12A,2002:1901‐1906.
②杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报, Vol.30No.12A,2002:1901‐1906.
①Gatinon H., Tushman M.L., Smith W.,Anderson P..Astructural approach to accessing innovation: constructdevelopment of innovation locus, type and characteristics[J]. Management Science, Vol.48No.9,2002:1103-1122.
①吴爱华,苏敬勤.人力资本专用性、创新能力与新产品开发绩效‐基于技术创新类型的实证分析[J].科学学研究, Vol.30No.6,2012:950‐960.
②吴爱华,苏敬勤.人力资本专用性、创新能力与新产品开发绩效‐基于技术创新类型的实证分析[J].科学学研究, Vol.30No.6,2012:950‐960.
①Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
①Robbins S.P.. Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice‐Hall,2001: P.267.
1． Ackerman M.S., Pipek V., Wulf V.. Sharing expertise: Beyond knowledgemanagement[M]. The MIT Press,2003.
2． Ajzen, I. The Theory of Planned Behavior [J]. Organizational Behavior andHuman Decision Processes, Vol.50No.2,1991:179-211.
3． Andrews K.M., Delahay B.L.. Influence on knowledge processes inorganizational learning: The psychosocial filter[J]. Journal of ManagementStudies, Vol.37No.6,2000:797-810.
4． Bagozzi R.P., Yi Y.. On the evaluation of structural equation model[J]. Journal ofAcademy of Marketing Science, Vol.16No.1,1988:74-94.
5． Bartol,K.M., Srivastava, A.. Encouraging knowledge sharing:The role oforganizational reward system[J]. Journal of Leadership&OrganizationalStudies. Summer, Vol.9No.1,2002:64-67.
6． Barton. D. L. The Case of Integrative Innovation: an Expert System at Digital,Solon Management Review, Vol.29No.1,1987:7-19.
7． Baum JAC,Ingram P..Survival enhancing learning in the Manhattan hotelindustry[J]. Management Science, Vol.44No.7,1998:996-1016.
8． Berman S., Heilweg S.. Perceived supervisor communication competence andsupervisor satisfaction as a function of quality circle participation[J]. The Journalof Business Communication, Vol.26No.2,1989:103-122.
9． Bhatt,G..Knowledge management in organizations: examining the interactionbetween technologies, techniques, and people[J]. Journal of KnowledgeManagement, Vol.5No.1,2001:68-75.
10．Bloodgood,J.M., Salisbury,W.D..Understanding the influence of organizationalchange strategies on information technology and knowledge managementstrategies[J]. Decision Support Systems, Vol.31,2001:55-69.
11．Bock G.W.,Kim YG.. Break the Myths of Rewards: An Exploratory Study ofAttitudes about Knowledge Sharing[J]. Information Resources ManagementJournal, Vol.15No.2,2002:14-21.
12．Bryant S.E.. The impact of peer mentoring on organizational knowledge creationand sharing: An empirical study in a software firm[J]. Group&OrganizationManagement, Vol.30No.3,2005:319-338.
13．Burgelman R. A.，Maidique M.，Wheelwright S C. Strategic Management ofTechnology and Innovation[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill，2000.
14．Cakar, N. D., Erturk, A.. Comparing innovation capability of small andmedium-sized enterprises: examining the effects of organizational culture andempowerment[J]. Journal of Small Business Management, Vol.48No.3,2010:325-359.
15．Capaldo G., Iandoli L., Raffa M., Zollo G.. The evaluation of innovationcapabilities in small software firms: a methodological approach [J]. SmallBusiness Economics Vol.21No.4,2003:343-354.
16．Celia,Z., Jaime,B.. Assessing the team environment for knowledge sharing: Anempirical analysis[J]. The International Journal of Human ResourceManagement, Vol.14No.7,2003:1227-1245.
17．Chanal V.. Methods for studying innovation processes: Towards acomplementarity between organizational and cognitive perspectives[J]. EuropeanJournal of Economic and Social Systems, Vol.13No.1,1999:41-58.
18．Cohen, W.M., Levinthal, D.A.. Absorptive Capacity: A New Perspective OnLearning And Innovation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.35No.1,1990:128-152.
19．Connelly C.E., Kelloway E.K.. Predictors of employees’ perceptions ofknowledge sharing cultures[J]. Leadership&Organization Development Journal,Vol.24, No.5,2003:294-301.
20．Constant D., Sproull L., Keisler S.. What’s mine is ours, or is it? A study ofattitudes about information sharing[J]. Information Systems Research, Vol.5No.4,1994:400-421.
21．Crossan M.M., Apaydin M.. A multi-dimensional framework of organizationalinnovation: A systematic review of the literature[J]. Journal of ManagementStudies, Vol.47No.6,2010:1154-1191.
22．Cummings J.L.,Teng B..Transferring Knowledge:The Key Factors AffectingKnowledge Transfer Success[J]. Journal of Engineering and TechnologyManagement. Vol.20No.1-2,2003:39-68.
23．Damanpour, F.. Organizational size and innovation[J]. Organization Studies, Vol.13No.3,1992:375-402.
24．Damanpour F., Szabat K.A., Evan W.M.. The relationship between types ofinnovation and organizational performance[J]. Journal of Management Studies,Vol.26No.6,1989:587-601.
25．Darroch J., McNaughton R.. Examining the link between knowledgemanagement practices and types of innovation[J]. Journal of Intellectual Capital,Vol.3No.3,2002, pp.210-222.
26．Davenport T H, Prusak L. Working Knowledge: How Organizations ManageWhat They Know [M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press,1998.
27．De Vries RE, Van den Hooff, B., De Ridder, J. A.. Explaining KnowledgeSharing The Role of Team Communication Styles, Job Satisfaction, andPerformance Beliefs[J]. Communication Research, Vol.33No.2,2006:115-135.
28．Dean Leffingwell, Don Widrig.软件需求管理：用例方法（英文版第二版）[M].机械工业出版社，2004.
29．Delgado-Verde M., Castro G. M., Navas-Lopez J. E.. Organizational knowledgeassets and innovation capability-Evidence from Spanish manufacturing firms[J].Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.12No.1,2011:5-19.
30．Donald A. Marchand and Forest W. Horton, Jr.：INFOTRENDS–Profictingfrom Your Information Resources[M]. JHON WILEY&SONS, INC.,1986.
31．Dyer J., Nobeoka K.. Creating and managing a high performanceknowledge-sharing network: the Toyota case[J]. Strategic Management Journal,Vol.21No.3,2000:345-367.
32．Ebert C.. A brief history of software technology[J]. IEEE Software,November/December2008:22-25.
33．Eriksson I V, Dickson G W. Knowledge Sharing in High TechnologyCompanies[C], Proceedings of American Conference on Information Systems(AMCIS),2000:1330-1335.
34．Freel M.S.. Patterns of innovation and skills in small firms[J]. Technovation,Vol.25No.2,2005:123-134.
35．Gallivan, M. J.. The influence of software developers' creative style on theirattitudes to and assimilation of a software process innovation[J]. Information&management, Vol.40No.5,2003:443-465.
36．Gary Jordan, Esbjorn Segelod. Software innovativeness: outcomes on projectperformance, knowledge enhancement, and external linkages [J]. R&DManagement Vol.36No.2,2006:127-142.
37．Gatinon H., Tushman M.L., Smith W., Anderson P.. A structural approach toaccessing innovation: construct development of innovation locus, type andcharacteristics[J]. Management Science, Vol.48No.9,2002:1103-1122.
38．Gunday G., Ulusoy G., Kilic K., Alpkan L.. Effects of innovation types on firmperformance[J]. International Journal of Production Economics Vol.133No.2,2011:662-676.
39．Hakansson H., Waluszewski A.. Path dependence: Restricting or facilitatingtechnical development[J]. Journal of Business Research, Vol.55No7.2002:561-570.
40．Hamel G..Competition for Competence and Interpartner Learning withinInternational Strategic Alliances[J]. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.12No.1,1991:83-103.
41．Hendriks P.. Why Share Knowledge? The Influence of ICT on the Motivationfor Knowledge Sharing[J]. Knowledge and Process Management, Vol.6No.2,1999:91-100.
42．Kamasak R., Bulutlar F.. The influence of knowledge sharing on innovation[J].European Business Review, Vol.22No.3,2010:306-317.
43．Kautz K., Kjoergaard A.. Towards an integrated model of knowledge sharing insoftware development: insights from a case study [J]. International Journal ofKnowledge Management, Vol.3No.2,2007:91-117.
44．Keupp M. M., Palmié M., Gassmann O.. The Strategic Management ofInnovation: A Systematic Review and Paths for Future Research[J], InternationalJournal of Management Reviews, Vol.14No.4,2012:367-390.
45．Koc T.. Organizational determinants of innovation capacity in softwarecompanies [J]. Computers&Industrial Engineering, Vol.53No.3,2007:373-385.
46．Koch C.. Innovation networking between stability and political dynamics [J].Technovation Vol.24No.9,2004:729-739.
47．Kogut B., Zander U.. Knowledge of the firm, combinative capability and thereplication of technology[J]. Organization Science Vol.3No.3,1992:383-397.
48．Lall S. Technological capabilities and industrialization[J]. World Development,Vol.20No.2,1992:165-186.
49．Leonard D., Straus S.. Putting your companies whole brain to work[J]. HarvardBusiness Review, Vol.75No.4,1997:110-121.
50．Liao S.H., Fei W.H., Chen C.C.. Knowledge sharing, absorptive capability, andinnovation capability: an empirical study of Taiwan’s knowledge-intensiveindustries[J]. Journal of Information Science, Vol.33No.3,2007:340-359.
51．Lin H.F..Impact of organizational support on organizational intension tofacilitate knowledge sharing[J]. Knowledge Management Research&Practice,Vol.4No.1,2006:26-35.
52．Lin H.F.. Knowledge sharing and firm innovation capability: an empirical study[J]. International Journal of Manpower Vol.28No.3/4,2007:315-332.
53．Lim,D., Klobas,J.. Knowledge management in small enterprises[J]. TheElectronic Library, Vol.18, No.6,2000:420-432.
54．MacCurtain S., Flood P.C., Ramamoorthy N., West M.A. and Dawson J.F.. TheTop Management Team, Reflexivity, Knowledge Sharing and New ProductPerformance: A Study of the Irish Software Industry[J]. Creativity andInnovation Management, cVol.19No.3,2010:219-232.a
55．Martinez-Fernandez, MC, Soosay, CA, Bjorkli, M, Tremayne, K.. Areknowledge-intensive service activities enablers of innovation processes?–Astudy of Australian software firms[C]. International CINet Conference5th22-25Sept.2004Sydney:986-999.
56．McDermott,C.,Stock,G.N..Organizational culture and advanced manufacturing[J].Journal of Operations Management, Vol.17No.5,1999:521-533.
57．McGee, K.. The2011Gartner Scenario: Current States and Future Directions ofthe IT Industry. G00209949. Gartner;2011.
58．Mehrabani S.E., Shajari M.. Knowledge management and innovation capacity[J].Journal of Management Research, Vol.4No.2,2012:164-177.
59．Mei S., Nie M.. Relationship between knowledge sharing, knowledgecharacteristics, absorptive capacity and innovation: an empirical study of Wuhanoptoelectronic cluster [J]. The Business Review, Cambridge Vol.7No.2Summer2007:154-160.
60．Monge, P. R., Cozzens, M. D., Contractor, N.S.. communication andmotivational predictors of the dynamics of organizational innovation[J].Organization Science, Vol.3No.2,1992:250-274.
61．Mothe C., Thi T.U.N.. The link between non-technological innovation andtechnological innovation[J]. European Journal of Innovation Management,Vol.13No.3,2010:313-332.
62．Mowery DC eds. The International Computer Software Industry: A ComparativeStudy of Industry Evolution and Structure[M]. New York: Oxford UniversityPress，2005.
63．Nambisan S.. Software firm evolution and innovation-orientation[J]. The Journalof Product Innovation Management, Vol.12No.3,2008:48-52.
64．Nieto M.. Proposition for the study of the technological innovation process[J].European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol.7No.4,2004:314-324.
65．Nonaka I., Takeuchi H.. The Knowledge-Creating Company[M]. New York:Oxford University Press,1995.
66．OECD. Oslo Manual: Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and InterpretingTechnological Innovation Data. Paris,2005.
67．Ojha A.K.. Impact of team demography on knowledge sharing in softwareproject teams [J]. South Asian Journal of Management, Vol.12No.3,2005:67-78.
68．O'Reilly C, Pondy L. Organizational communication[J]. Organizational behavior,1979:119-150.
69．Panda H.,Ramanathan K.. Technological capability assessment of a firm in theelectricity sector[J]. Technovation, Vol.10No.16,1996:561-588.
70．Phillips, R.. Innovation and firm performance in Australian manufacturing.staff research paper, Industry Commission, Canberra,1997.
71．Rahab, Sulistyandari, Sudjono. The development of innovation capability ofsmall medium enterprises through knowledge sharing process: an empiricalstudy of Indonesian creative industry[J]. International Journal of Business andSocial Science, Vol.2No.21,2011:112-123.
72．Rajagopalan, N., Rasheed, A.M.A., Datta, D.K.. strategic decision processes:critical review and future directions[J]. Journal of Management, Vol.19No.2,1993:349-384.
73．Robbins S.P.. Organizational Behavior[M]. Prentice-Hall,2001.
74．Romijn H., Albaladejo M.. Determinants of innovation capability in smallelectronics and software firms in southeast England[J]. Research Policy, Vol.31No.7,2002:1053-1067.
75．Rothwell R.. Towards the fifth-generation innovation process[J]. InternationalMarketing Review, Vol.11No.1,1994:7-31.
76．Seers A.. Team-member exchange quality: a new construct for role-makingresearch[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.43No.1,1989:118-135.
77．Senge P M. Sharing Knowledge [J]. Executive Excellence, Vol.14No.11,1997:17-18.
78．Simon Commander. The Software Industry in Emerging Markets[M]. EdwardElgar Publishing Limited,2005.
79．Sproull R., Kiesler S..Connections:New Ways of Working in the NetworkedOrganization[M], MIT Press,1991.
80．Stenmark,D.. Leveraging tacit organizational knowledge[J]. Journal ofManagement Information Systems, Vol.17, No.3,2000-2001:9-24.
81．Szeto E.. Innovation capacity: Working towards a mechanism for improvinginnovation within an inter-organizational network. The TQM Magazine, Vol.12No.2,2000:149-157.
82．Szulanski G.. Exploring Internal Stickiness:Impediments to the Transfer of BestPractice within the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal, Vol.17,1996:27-43.
83．Szulanski G.. The process of knowledge transfer: A diachronic analysis ofstickiness[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Vol.82No.1,2000:9-27.
84．Van den Hooff, B., De Ridder, J. A.. Knowledge sharing in context: Theinfluence of organizational commitment, communication climate and CMC useon knowledge sharing[J]. Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol.8No.6,2004:117-130.
85．Wang M.H., Huang C.F., Yang T.Y.. The Effect of Project Environment on theRelationship Between Knowledge Sharing and Team Creativity in the SoftwareDevelopment Context[J]. International Journal of Business and Information,Vol.7No.1,2012:59-80.
86．Wang S., Noe R.A.. Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for futureresearch[J]. Human Resource Management Review, Vol.20No.2,2010:115–131.
87．Westphal L, Rhee Y, Pursell G. Sources of technological capability in SouthKorea[J]. Technological Capability in the Third World,1984:279-300.
88．Wijnhoven F.. Knowledge Logistics in Business Contexts: Analyzing andDiagnosing Know ledge Sharing by Logistics Concepts [J]. Knowledge andProcess Management, Vol.5No.3,1998:143-157.
89．Yam R.C.M., Guan J.C., Pun K.F., Tang E.P.Y.. An audit of technologicalinnovation capabilities in Chinese firms: somen empirical findings in Beijing,China[J]. Research Policy, Vol.33No.8,2004:1123-1140.
90．[美]Alistair Cockburn著.敏捷软件开发[M].苏敬凯等译,机械工业出版社,2008.
91．宝贡敏，徐碧祥.国外知识共享理论研究述评[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2007,第13卷第2期:43-49.
92．曹兴，刘芳，邬陈锋.知识共享理论的研究述评[J].软科学，2010，第9期:133-137.
93．池仁勇.企业技术创新效率及其影响因素研究[J].数量经济技术经济研究，2003,第6期:1-6.
94．[美] Chris Argyris，Donald A. Schon著.组织学习II （理论、方法与实践）[M].姜文波译,中国人民大学出版社，2011.
95．迭代模型.百度文库.http://wenku.baidu.com/view/92d7378a6529647d272852d8.html.
96．[英] Freeman C., Soete L.著.工业创新经济学[M].华宏勋,华宏慈等译,北京大学出版社，2004.
97．冯忠良等.教育心理学（第二版）[M].人民教育出版社，2010.http://www.pep.com.cn/xgjy/xlyj/xlshuku/xlsk1/115/jyxlx/201012/t20101210_985283.htm.
98．傅家骥等.技术创新学[M].北京：清华大学出版社，1998.
99．[美]Hafedh Mili, Ali Mili, Sherif Yacoub, Edward Addy著.基于重用的软件工程-技术、组织和控制[M].韩柯等译,电子工业出版社，2003.
100．高旭东.技术创新能力培养：特定的培养顺序还是有效的R&D [J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005,第26卷第6期：64-68.
101．和金生，熊德勇.知识管理应当研究什么？[J].科学学研究，2004，第22卷第1期：70-75.
102．郝文杰,鞠晓峰.企业研发团队知识共享影响因素的实证研究[J]，北京理工大学学报，2010,第30卷第2期:249-252.
103．侯杰泰等.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京：教育科学出版社，2004.
104．黄建宏.软件企业创新的若干思考[J].经济论坛，2009,第2期：88-90.
105．[美] Jared R. Richardson, William A. Gwaltney Jr..软件项目成功之道[M].苏金国等译,人民邮电出版社,2011.
106．蒋永康.中小企业技术创新能力影响因素的研究[J].商场现代化,2009,第2期:81-82.
107．赖茂生.信息资源管理教程[M]，清华大学出版社，2006.
108．李德生.全球软件产业发展特点与趋势分析[J].全球科技经济嘹望,2012,第4期:52-57.
109．连燕华.技术创新过程的信息模型[J].科技管理研究，2004,第2期:l-6.
110．梁宁建.应用认知心理学[M].上海教育出版社，2009.
111．刘锟发，李菁楠.国内外组织内部知识共享影响因素研究综述[J].图书馆学研究，2010,第8期：8-12.
112．陆惠恩.软件工程基础[M].人民邮电出版社，2005.
113．鲁强,陈超,王智广.一种支持软件知识共享的本体模型研究[J].计算机应用,2010,第30卷第2期:402-405.
114．罗润东，沈洪溥，马素红，赵明.新经济因素对企业组织模式影响研究：以天津市软件企业发展为例[J].南开经济研究，2003,第1期：14-18.
115．潘旭明.网络环境下企业技术创新的影响因素和模式分析[J].商业研究，2002,第13期:14-16.
116．[美]Robert S. Pindyck, Daniel L. Rubinfeld著.微观经济学[M]，张军等译，中国人民大学出版社，2000.
117． Seven Muller编.创新聚焦—产业创新手册[M].陈劲译,清华大学出版社,2000.
118．石颖,邓小昭.以布鲁克斯方程阐释知识结构[J].情报理论与实践，2007,第30卷第1期：11-13.
119．施良方.学习论[M].人民教育出版社,2005.
120．宋志红，陈澍，范黎波.知识特性、知识共享与企业创新能力关系的实证研究[J].科学学研究，2010，第28卷第4期，597-634.
121．唐炎华,石金涛.我国企业知识型员工知识转移的影响因素实证研究[J].管理工程学报,2007,第2期:34-41.
122．王君，樊治平，潘星.组织知识的动态发展过程研究[J].科学学研究，2005，第23卷第1期:111-117.
123．魏江，寒午.企业技术创新能力的界定及其与核心能力的关联[J].科研管理，1998,第6期:12-17.
124．魏江,王艳.企业内部知识共享模式研究[J].技术经济与管理研究,2004,第1期:68-69.
125．魏江，朱海燕.高技术产业集群创新过程模式演化及发展研究–以杭州软件产业集群为例[J].研究与发展管理，2006,第6期:116-121.
126．翁君奕，林迎星.创新激励-驱动知识经济的发展[M].经济管理出版社，2003.
127．[美]Walker Royce, Kurt Bittner, Mile Perrow著.软件开发经济学[M],苏敬凯，金振林译,机械工业出版社,2010.
128．吴爱华,苏敬勤.人力资本专用性、创新能力与新产品开发绩效---基于技术创新类型的实证分析[J].科学学研究,2012,第30卷第6期:950-960.
129．吴明隆.结构方程模型-AMOS的操作与应用（第2版）[M].重庆大学出版社，2011.
130．许进，李志红.中国软件企业自主创新的模式选择[J].自然辩证法研究，2009，第25卷第6期，56-60.
131．许庆瑞，徐静.嵌入知识共享平台，提升组织创新能力[J].科学管理研究，2004,第1期：13-19.
132．许媛，李靖华.浙江软件企业自主创新能力构建分析[J].科学学研究，2007,第6期：114-119.
133．徐晟.基于灰色模型的企业技术创新影响因素分析[J].合肥工业大学学报，2005，第8期：第849页.
134．[美]熊彼特著.熊彼特：经济发展理论[M].邹建平译,中国画报出版社,2012.
135．闫芬,陈国权.实施大规模定制中组织知识共享研究[J].管理工程学报，2002,第3期：39-44.
136．严怡民等.现代情报学理论[M].武汉大学出版社，1996.
137．杨芙清,梅洪,吕建,金芝.浅论软件技术发展[J].电子学报,2002,第30卷第12A期:1901-1906.
138．杨芙清.软件工程技术发展思索[J].软件学报,2005,第16卷第1期:1-7.
139．张新，刘位龙.软件企业知识共享影响因素模式研究[J].信息技术与信息化，2006,第5期：102-103.
140．郑国光，李怀祖.基于知识共享的软件开发组织协作模式研究[J].情报杂志，2007,第11期:2-4.
141．朱三元，钱乐秋，宿为民.软件工程技术概论[M].科学出版社，2002.
142．钟义信.信息科学原理[M].北京邮电大学出版社，1996.
143．周宏仁主编.中国信息化进程[M].人民出版社,2009.
144．周源,余菲菲.2005-2010年我国技术创新与管理研究热点分析[J].情报杂志,2012,第31卷第1期:88-94.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |