聚氨酯小框体外墙外保温体系研究
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摘要
当今世界范围内,能源紧缺,而建筑能耗在社会商品生产能耗所占的地位举足轻重,因此建筑节能对节省能源、缓解能源紧缺有显而易见的作用。而外墙能耗占建筑能耗40%左右,外墙外保温体系技术应运而生,但其因发展时间短,理论不成熟,诸多问题在近几年渐渐呈现出来。
本文是以河南省重大公益科研计划项目(081100910400)、郑州市重大科技计划项目(082SGZS32079)以及郑州大学研究生科学研究基金(重点类A181)为依托,提出一种新的外墙外保温体系——聚氨酯小框体外墙外保温体系(下称小框体复合保温体系),通过有限元理论模拟方法来分析小框体复合板体系的热工性能、结构性能,最后提出细部构造措施。所做的研究主要包括以下几个方面：
(1)提出新的外墙外保温隔热体系——小框体复合板体系,阐述小框体复合板体系的保温隔热原理,提出小框体复合板体系的建议施工工艺,指导现实施工。
(2)从热工性能方面分析小框体复合板体系的传热过程,并和EPS薄抹灰体系对比,通过建立模型,加载,分别得出小框体复合板体系和EPS薄抹灰体系的热流密度。用热流密度这一指标说明小框体复合板体系的阻止热流传导的能力更强。
(3)从结构方面分析小框体复合板的结构性能,通过有限元建立模型,加载,得到小框体复合板的x、y、z方向的变形及小框体复合板各组成部分的应力值,分析其变形值和变形趋势,说明小框体复合板结构的合理性。对应力相对材料强度较大的小区域提出构造措施,以扩散其应力大值。
(4)从细部构造来改善小框体复合板体系细部的热工及结构性能。U型伸缩缝的提出既改变了外墙外保温体系的热工性能,同时也改善了伸缩缝的结构性能,使伸缩缝节点构造在满足热工性能的同时,伸缩缝节点能自由伸缩,复合结构要求。门窗洞口及阳角节点也满足热工和结构的要求。
In today's world, within the scope of the energy shortage, building energy consumption in social commodity production consumption accounts for an important position. Building energy saving has obvious effect to save energy. Because external energy consumption of building energy consumption accounts for about 40 percent, the technology of exterior insulation system has developed, the theoretical problems increasing in recent years.
Relying on major public research projects in Henan Province (081100910400), major scientific and technological projects of Zhengzhou City (082SGZS32079) and the Graduate Research Fund of Zhengzhou University (focus class A181),this paper proposes a new kind of external thermal insulation system-the Polyurethane frame style exterior insulation system. The simulation method through finite element theory of composite system analyses the performance of thermal and the properties of structure of the small frame compound plate, and finally puts forward measures for detail. Research done mainly includes the following aspects:
1) This paper puts forward a new exterior insulation system-the little box body system, and puts forward the principle of thermal insulation composite system of small frame, and guides practical construction.
(2)From the thermal performance analysis of heat transfer process of small frame composite system and EPS plastered system through model, loads, small frame composite system and EPS plastered system heat flux. This index with heat flux shows the ability of the small frame composite system to prevent of heat transfer stronger.
3) A structural analysis of small frame composite plates by finite element modeling, the paper gets the small frame composite plate x, y, z direction of the deformation and the small frame composite plate stress components, Analysis of the deformation and deformation trend, indicating the small frame composite plate is reasonable. Relative strength of material of stress of small area is proposed to spread its stress, great value.
4) From detail structure to improve the small frame composite thermal and structure of the details of the system performance. The proposed of U-type expansion joints not only changes the exterior insulation system of thermal performance, but also improves the expansion joint structure performance. Structure and thermal of door hole also meet the requirements.
本文是以河南省重大公益科研计划项目(081100910400)、郑州市重大科技计划项目(082SGZS32079)以及郑州大学研究生科学研究基金(重点类A181)为依托,提出一种新的外墙外保温体系——聚氨酯小框体外墙外保温体系(下称小框体复合保温体系),通过有限元理论模拟方法来分析小框体复合板体系的热工性能、结构性能,最后提出细部构造措施。所做的研究主要包括以下几个方面：
(1)提出新的外墙外保温隔热体系——小框体复合板体系,阐述小框体复合板体系的保温隔热原理,提出小框体复合板体系的建议施工工艺,指导现实施工。
(2)从热工性能方面分析小框体复合板体系的传热过程,并和EPS薄抹灰体系对比,通过建立模型,加载,分别得出小框体复合板体系和EPS薄抹灰体系的热流密度。用热流密度这一指标说明小框体复合板体系的阻止热流传导的能力更强。
(3)从结构方面分析小框体复合板的结构性能,通过有限元建立模型,加载,得到小框体复合板的x、y、z方向的变形及小框体复合板各组成部分的应力值,分析其变形值和变形趋势,说明小框体复合板结构的合理性。对应力相对材料强度较大的小区域提出构造措施,以扩散其应力大值。
(4)从细部构造来改善小框体复合板体系细部的热工及结构性能。U型伸缩缝的提出既改变了外墙外保温体系的热工性能,同时也改善了伸缩缝的结构性能,使伸缩缝节点构造在满足热工性能的同时,伸缩缝节点能自由伸缩,复合结构要求。门窗洞口及阳角节点也满足热工和结构的要求。
In today's world, within the scope of the energy shortage, building energy consumption in social commodity production consumption accounts for an important position. Building energy saving has obvious effect to save energy. Because external energy consumption of building energy consumption accounts for about 40 percent, the technology of exterior insulation system has developed, the theoretical problems increasing in recent years.
Relying on major public research projects in Henan Province (081100910400), major scientific and technological projects of Zhengzhou City (082SGZS32079) and the Graduate Research Fund of Zhengzhou University (focus class A181),this paper proposes a new kind of external thermal insulation system-the Polyurethane frame style exterior insulation system. The simulation method through finite element theory of composite system analyses the performance of thermal and the properties of structure of the small frame compound plate, and finally puts forward measures for detail. Research done mainly includes the following aspects:
1) This paper puts forward a new exterior insulation system-the little box body system, and puts forward the principle of thermal insulation composite system of small frame, and guides practical construction.
(2)From the thermal performance analysis of heat transfer process of small frame composite system and EPS plastered system through model, loads, small frame composite system and EPS plastered system heat flux. This index with heat flux shows the ability of the small frame composite system to prevent of heat transfer stronger.
3) A structural analysis of small frame composite plates by finite element modeling, the paper gets the small frame composite plate x, y, z direction of the deformation and the small frame composite plate stress components, Analysis of the deformation and deformation trend, indicating the small frame composite plate is reasonable. Relative strength of material of stress of small area is proposed to spread its stress, great value.
4) From detail structure to improve the small frame composite thermal and structure of the details of the system performance. The proposed of U-type expansion joints not only changes the exterior insulation system of thermal performance, but also improves the expansion joint structure performance. Structure and thermal of door hole also meet the requirements.
引文
[1]郑权.漫谈英国的建筑节能[J].北京节能,1994,(1)：21～24
[2]李国华.国外节能现状分析及对中国的启示[J].科学与管理,2007,(5)：19～21
[3]王磊.德美两国建筑节能立法比较研究及对我国的启示[D]北京：中国人民大学.2008
[4]康盛君.国外建筑节能的实践[J]山西建筑,2009,35,(27)：232～233
[5]童丽萍.从能源危机看建筑节能的必然趋势[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2008,40,(4)：104～109
[6]李湘洲.外墙外保温技术的现状与趋势[J].砖瓦,2005,(10)：54-56
[7]李娟；隋同波；周春英.中德外墙外保温体系的发展及对比[J].新型建筑材料2008,(04)：25～28
[8]孙海萍.上海地区高层住宅建筑围护结构节能技术探讨[D]上海：同济大学硕士论文,2007
[9]郭佩玲.赵海南.黄华外墙外保温节能墙体砂浆的研究与应用[J].低温建筑技术,2003(3).48～49
[10]吴飞,徐晓杰.寒冷及严寒地区建筑外墙节能保温涂料[J].涂料工业,2003,33(4)：10～13
[11]赵济生.夏热冬冷地区外墙内保温技术的应用[J].施工技术,2009,38,(5)：49～50
[12]徐炳范.建筑外墙保温技术的应用研究[D]吉林：吉林大学硕士论文,2006
[13]贾海兵；赵洁：加快推广住宅外墙外保温隔热体系的应用[J].惠州学院学报,2006,3：23～27
[14]刘玉波.外墙外保温相对于外墙内保温的优势探讨[J],墙材革新与建筑节能,2003,5：30-33
[15]张海军；程实.对建筑工程中实施外墙外保温的探讨[M]北京：中国高新技术企业,2008,7：32～35
[16]张红涛,浅论小城镇住宅建筑外墙保温系统的选择[M]北京：科学时代,2008,4：26～28.
[17]韩玉成.外保温优于内保温和夹心保温[J].建设科技,2005,(11)：40～41.
[18]Nelson.Joint movement of a panelized EIFS wall system[J]. ASTM SpecialTechnical Publication,1995:294～360
[19]Gerard FLEURY, Quality Requirement for the EIFS in France, CSIB 1992
[20]Kaushika ND, Sharma PK, Padma Priya R. Solar thermal analysis of honeycomb cover system for energy conservation in an air-conditioned building[J]. Energy and Buildings, 1992(18):45～49
[21]Sami.A.Al-Sanea. Thermal performance of building roof elements[J]. Building an Environment.1995,30(3):309～321
[22]王宝春,刘志杰.外墙外保温失效的原因.山东建材2006(1)：71～72
[23]Bignozzi, M.C.;Saccani, A.;Sandrolini, F.New polymer mortars containing polymeric wastes.Part 1 [J]. Microstructure and mechanical properties. Compopart a appl,2000, 31(2):97～106
[24]Sakai, Etsuo;Sugita, Jun.Composite mechanism of polymer modified cement [J]. Cement and Concrete Research,1995,25 (1):127～135
[25]Yang Shoumin.Solution of transient temperature distribution and calculation of thermal stress [J]. Proceedings of the Society of Electrical Engineering,1986,6(6):55～64
[26]Kub Edward G.Ⅱ. Cracking in exterior insulation and finish systems [J]. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1993,7(1):60～66
[27]Sandrolini, F;Bignozzi, Saccani, A. New polymer mortars containing polymeric wastes. Microstructure and mechanical properties Composites Par A [J]. Applied Science and Manufacturing(UK),2000,31:97～106
[28]Trehan, Rashmi, Shukla, M C.Polymer mortars. Paintindia,1991.41(12):63～69
[29]Bignozzi, M.C. Saccani, A. Sandrolini, F. New polymer mortars containing polymeric wastes.Part 1. Microstructure and mechanical properties [J]. Compopart a appl,2000, 31(2):97～104
[30]Sakai, Etsuo;Sugita, Jun. Composite mechanism of polymer modified cement [J]. Cement and Concrete Research,1995,25 (1):127～135
[31]中华人民共和国国家标准.民用建筑热工设计规范(GB 50176-93)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[32]中华人民共和国国家标准.外墙外保温工程技术规程(JGJ144-2004)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[33]张朝晖.ANSYS热分析教程与实例解析[M]北京：中国铁道出版社,2007
[34]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学.[M]北京：高等教育出版社.2002
[35]张亚欧,谷志飞,宋勇.ANSYS7.0有限元分析实用教程.[M]北京：清华大学出版社.2004.
[36]彦启森等.建筑热过程.[M]北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1986
[37]王甲春,阎培渝,朱艳芳外墙外保温复合墙体热工计算与分析[J].建筑技术.2004.10：78～81
[38]王竹溪.热力学[M]北京：人民教育出版社,1960
[39]李大潜等.有限元素法续讲.[M]北京：科学出版社,1999.66～80
[40]张国瑞.有限元法[M]北京：机械工业出版社,1991
[41]姜晋庆.结构弹性有限元分析法.[M]北京：航宇出版社,1990
[42]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M]北京.高等教育出版社,2006
[43]倪栋.通用有限元分析Ansys7.0实例精解[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[44]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构荷载规范(GB 50009-2001)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[45]黄炎.工程弹性力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1982
[46]谢晓娜：建筑能耗模拟用楼地和热桥传热计算方法研究[D]北京：清华博士论文
[47]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构设计规范(GB50010-2002)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[48]05YJ3-1 05系列工程建设标准设计图集[S]中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[49]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[50]包世华：结构力学[M]武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2003
[2]李国华.国外节能现状分析及对中国的启示[J].科学与管理,2007,(5)：19～21
[3]王磊.德美两国建筑节能立法比较研究及对我国的启示[D]北京：中国人民大学.2008
[4]康盛君.国外建筑节能的实践[J]山西建筑,2009,35,(27)：232～233
[5]童丽萍.从能源危机看建筑节能的必然趋势[J].郑州大学学报(理学版),2008,40,(4)：104～109
[6]李湘洲.外墙外保温技术的现状与趋势[J].砖瓦,2005,(10)：54-56
[7]李娟；隋同波；周春英.中德外墙外保温体系的发展及对比[J].新型建筑材料2008,(04)：25～28
[8]孙海萍.上海地区高层住宅建筑围护结构节能技术探讨[D]上海：同济大学硕士论文,2007
[9]郭佩玲.赵海南.黄华外墙外保温节能墙体砂浆的研究与应用[J].低温建筑技术,2003(3).48～49
[10]吴飞,徐晓杰.寒冷及严寒地区建筑外墙节能保温涂料[J].涂料工业,2003,33(4)：10～13
[11]赵济生.夏热冬冷地区外墙内保温技术的应用[J].施工技术,2009,38,(5)：49～50
[12]徐炳范.建筑外墙保温技术的应用研究[D]吉林：吉林大学硕士论文,2006
[13]贾海兵；赵洁：加快推广住宅外墙外保温隔热体系的应用[J].惠州学院学报,2006,3：23～27
[14]刘玉波.外墙外保温相对于外墙内保温的优势探讨[J],墙材革新与建筑节能,2003,5：30-33
[15]张海军；程实.对建筑工程中实施外墙外保温的探讨[M]北京：中国高新技术企业,2008,7：32～35
[16]张红涛,浅论小城镇住宅建筑外墙保温系统的选择[M]北京：科学时代,2008,4：26～28.
[17]韩玉成.外保温优于内保温和夹心保温[J].建设科技,2005,(11)：40～41.
[18]Nelson.Joint movement of a panelized EIFS wall system[J]. ASTM SpecialTechnical Publication,1995:294～360
[19]Gerard FLEURY, Quality Requirement for the EIFS in France, CSIB 1992
[20]Kaushika ND, Sharma PK, Padma Priya R. Solar thermal analysis of honeycomb cover system for energy conservation in an air-conditioned building[J]. Energy and Buildings, 1992(18):45～49
[21]Sami.A.Al-Sanea. Thermal performance of building roof elements[J]. Building an Environment.1995,30(3):309～321
[22]王宝春,刘志杰.外墙外保温失效的原因.山东建材2006(1)：71～72
[23]Bignozzi, M.C.;Saccani, A.;Sandrolini, F.New polymer mortars containing polymeric wastes.Part 1 [J]. Microstructure and mechanical properties. Compopart a appl,2000, 31(2):97～106
[24]Sakai, Etsuo;Sugita, Jun.Composite mechanism of polymer modified cement [J]. Cement and Concrete Research,1995,25 (1):127～135
[25]Yang Shoumin.Solution of transient temperature distribution and calculation of thermal stress [J]. Proceedings of the Society of Electrical Engineering,1986,6(6):55～64
[26]Kub Edward G.Ⅱ. Cracking in exterior insulation and finish systems [J]. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,1993,7(1):60～66
[27]Sandrolini, F;Bignozzi, Saccani, A. New polymer mortars containing polymeric wastes. Microstructure and mechanical properties Composites Par A [J]. Applied Science and Manufacturing(UK),2000,31:97～106
[28]Trehan, Rashmi, Shukla, M C.Polymer mortars. Paintindia,1991.41(12):63～69
[29]Bignozzi, M.C. Saccani, A. Sandrolini, F. New polymer mortars containing polymeric wastes.Part 1. Microstructure and mechanical properties [J]. Compopart a appl,2000, 31(2):97～104
[30]Sakai, Etsuo;Sugita, Jun. Composite mechanism of polymer modified cement [J]. Cement and Concrete Research,1995,25 (1):127～135
[31]中华人民共和国国家标准.民用建筑热工设计规范(GB 50176-93)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,1993
[32]中华人民共和国国家标准.外墙外保温工程技术规程(JGJ144-2004)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[33]张朝晖.ANSYS热分析教程与实例解析[M]北京：中国铁道出版社,2007
[34]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学.[M]北京：高等教育出版社.2002
[35]张亚欧,谷志飞,宋勇.ANSYS7.0有限元分析实用教程.[M]北京：清华大学出版社.2004.
[36]彦启森等.建筑热过程.[M]北京：中国建筑工业出版社.1986
[37]王甲春,阎培渝,朱艳芳外墙外保温复合墙体热工计算与分析[J].建筑技术.2004.10：78～81
[38]王竹溪.热力学[M]北京：人民教育出版社,1960
[39]李大潜等.有限元素法续讲.[M]北京：科学出版社,1999.66～80
[40]张国瑞.有限元法[M]北京：机械工业出版社,1991
[41]姜晋庆.结构弹性有限元分析法.[M]北京：航宇出版社,1990
[42]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M]北京.高等教育出版社,2006
[43]倪栋.通用有限元分析Ansys7.0实例精解[M]北京：电子工业出版社,2003
[44]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑结构荷载规范(GB 50009-2001)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2006
[45]黄炎.工程弹性力学[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1982
[46]谢晓娜：建筑能耗模拟用楼地和热桥传热计算方法研究[D]北京：清华博士论文
[47]中华人民共和国国家标准.混凝土结构设计规范(GB50010-2002)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[48]05YJ3-1 05系列工程建设标准设计图集[S]中国建筑工业出版社,2005
[49]中华人民共和国国家标准.建筑抗震设计规范(GB50011-2001)[S].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2002
[50]包世华：结构力学[M]武汉：武汉理工大学出版社,2003
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