波达方向估计中阵列误差校正技术研究
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摘要
波达方向(DOA—Direction of Arrival)估计是阵列信号处理中一个重要的研究领域,广泛应用在雷达、声纳、通信、生物医学等领域中。但是大部分高分辨DOA估计算法都以接收天线阵列的阵元位置、通道幅相响应和阵元间的互耦效应精确已知为前提。而这在实际测向系统中是很难满足的,因此本文就不同的应用背景和实际环境围绕DOA估计中的阵列模型误差参数估计与校正方法、稳健的DOA估计方法进行了研究。
针对空间非平稳噪声的情况,提出了一种适用于通道幅相不一致(或阵元位置误差)校正的阵列误差校正方法。该方法结合噪声协方差矩阵的最大似然估计方法对多维校正方法进行了改进,为迭代校正过程提供较精确的初值。仿真结果表明在低信噪比、空间非平稳噪声情况下,此方法具有较大的误差校正范围和较好的校正性能。
研究了多径传播情况下的阵列通道不一致性校正问题。分析了两种去相关技术(空间平滑、模式空间变换)对通道幅相误差校正的影响。基于加权子空间拟合方法,提出一种适用于多径情况的通道幅相误差自校正方法。推导了该方法中代价函数的一阶导数及海色矩阵,并通过交替投影和高斯—牛顿算法实现了该代价函数的最优搜索。仿真结果表明该方法具有优良的误差校正和方位估计性能。
针对通道幅相不一致和阵元间互耦效应同时存在的情况,提出了一种校正范围较广的阵列误差联合自校正方法。该方法利用鲁棒控制理论中的H~∞滤波方法抑制模型误差及噪声的影响,为迭代联合自校正过程提供较稳健的初始值。此方法不需互耦系数和幅相误差的先验信息且具有较高的分辨力,符合工程应用的需要。
提出了一种基于信号分离的宽带DOA稳健测向算法。此算法利用矩阵算子的投影机理对入射信号进行有效的分离,而且矩阵算子的记忆与遗忘特征使得算法在迭代过程中避免陷入局部极值。该算法不需对阵列进行预先测量和校正,具有良好的工程应用前景。
DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation is an important research area of array signal processing with growing applications in engineering, such as radar, sonar, communication, biomedicine, etc. A number of highly accurate methods exist for solving this problem. Unfortunately they all require precise knowledge about the characteristics of the receiving antenna array. These characteristics, which include sensor locations, gain and phase response, and mutual coupling, are rarely perfectly known in real situations. So this dissertation aims at the development of array calibration and robust DOA estimation methods, based on different application background and real environment.
A self-calibration algorithm is proposed, which can correct the sensor position errors (or gain and phase errors) in nonuniform noise fields. In this algorithm, the multi-dimensional self-calibration method is combined with the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method of the colored noise covariance matrix. It can provide more accuate initial value to the subsequent iterative process. The simulation was conducted and it was indicated that in low SNR scenarios, this algorithm has good performance of calibration and DOA estimation.
The problem of DOA estimation and array gain and phase calibration in the presence of multipath is studied. First, two decorrelation methods (spatial smoothing and mode space transform) are discussed, and their influences to the calibtation of array gain and phase are analyzed. Then based on the weighted subspace fitting (WSF) scheme, a self-calibration algorithm is proposed, which can correct the array gain and phase errors in the presence of multipath propagation. The first-order derivative and Hessian matrix of this method's cost function are derivated, and the alternating optimization and Gauss-Newton method are used to realize the multidimensional search process. This method's calibration and DOA estimation performance is illustrated through computer simulations.
Regarding the situation that array gain/phase error and mutual coupling exit simultaneously, a joint calibration method is developed, which has superior calibrating range. By using the H~∞filter which is proposed in robust control theory to restrain the influences of array model errors and environment noise, the more accuate initial value can be provided to the subsequent joint iterative self-calibration process. This method has no need of any a priori knowledge about those errors and has higher resolution. So this method is easy to implement in practice.
In the presence of array imperfection and mutual coupling, a wideband robust DOA estimation algorithm which based on the signals separation category is proposed. By using the matrix operators which have the memory and oblivion characteristics, this algorithm can separate the incident signals effectively and avoid the iterative process falling into the local extreme value. This method has no need of array calibration and measurement beforehand. So it has good potential in applications.
针对空间非平稳噪声的情况,提出了一种适用于通道幅相不一致(或阵元位置误差)校正的阵列误差校正方法。该方法结合噪声协方差矩阵的最大似然估计方法对多维校正方法进行了改进,为迭代校正过程提供较精确的初值。仿真结果表明在低信噪比、空间非平稳噪声情况下,此方法具有较大的误差校正范围和较好的校正性能。
研究了多径传播情况下的阵列通道不一致性校正问题。分析了两种去相关技术(空间平滑、模式空间变换)对通道幅相误差校正的影响。基于加权子空间拟合方法,提出一种适用于多径情况的通道幅相误差自校正方法。推导了该方法中代价函数的一阶导数及海色矩阵,并通过交替投影和高斯—牛顿算法实现了该代价函数的最优搜索。仿真结果表明该方法具有优良的误差校正和方位估计性能。
针对通道幅相不一致和阵元间互耦效应同时存在的情况,提出了一种校正范围较广的阵列误差联合自校正方法。该方法利用鲁棒控制理论中的H~∞滤波方法抑制模型误差及噪声的影响,为迭代联合自校正过程提供较稳健的初始值。此方法不需互耦系数和幅相误差的先验信息且具有较高的分辨力,符合工程应用的需要。
提出了一种基于信号分离的宽带DOA稳健测向算法。此算法利用矩阵算子的投影机理对入射信号进行有效的分离,而且矩阵算子的记忆与遗忘特征使得算法在迭代过程中避免陷入局部极值。该算法不需对阵列进行预先测量和校正,具有良好的工程应用前景。
DOA (Direction of Arrival) estimation is an important research area of array signal processing with growing applications in engineering, such as radar, sonar, communication, biomedicine, etc. A number of highly accurate methods exist for solving this problem. Unfortunately they all require precise knowledge about the characteristics of the receiving antenna array. These characteristics, which include sensor locations, gain and phase response, and mutual coupling, are rarely perfectly known in real situations. So this dissertation aims at the development of array calibration and robust DOA estimation methods, based on different application background and real environment.
A self-calibration algorithm is proposed, which can correct the sensor position errors (or gain and phase errors) in nonuniform noise fields. In this algorithm, the multi-dimensional self-calibration method is combined with the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method of the colored noise covariance matrix. It can provide more accuate initial value to the subsequent iterative process. The simulation was conducted and it was indicated that in low SNR scenarios, this algorithm has good performance of calibration and DOA estimation.
The problem of DOA estimation and array gain and phase calibration in the presence of multipath is studied. First, two decorrelation methods (spatial smoothing and mode space transform) are discussed, and their influences to the calibtation of array gain and phase are analyzed. Then based on the weighted subspace fitting (WSF) scheme, a self-calibration algorithm is proposed, which can correct the array gain and phase errors in the presence of multipath propagation. The first-order derivative and Hessian matrix of this method's cost function are derivated, and the alternating optimization and Gauss-Newton method are used to realize the multidimensional search process. This method's calibration and DOA estimation performance is illustrated through computer simulations.
Regarding the situation that array gain/phase error and mutual coupling exit simultaneously, a joint calibration method is developed, which has superior calibrating range. By using the H~∞filter which is proposed in robust control theory to restrain the influences of array model errors and environment noise, the more accuate initial value can be provided to the subsequent joint iterative self-calibration process. This method has no need of any a priori knowledge about those errors and has higher resolution. So this method is easy to implement in practice.
In the presence of array imperfection and mutual coupling, a wideband robust DOA estimation algorithm which based on the signals separation category is proposed. By using the matrix operators which have the memory and oblivion characteristics, this algorithm can separate the incident signals effectively and avoid the iterative process falling into the local extreme value. This method has no need of array calibration and measurement beforehand. So it has good potential in applications.
引文
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