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大蓟抗肿瘤成分的筛选及其用机制的研究
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摘要
大蓟为菊科管状花亚科菜蓟族蓟属植物Cirsium japonicum DC.的干燥地上部分或根,多年生草本,高100—150cm,茎直立,密被白毛,叶互生;叶片倒卵状长椭圆形,边缘具浅裂和斜刺,被毛;5—6月开花,头状花序顶生,花单生,紫红色,瘦果扁椭圆形,生于山野路边,以全草和根入药,我国大部分地区有分布。全草灰绿色,大蓟性凉,味甘、苦、归心、肝经,功效为凉血止血、祛瘀痛,主治吐血、衄血、尿血、血淋、血崩、带下、肠风、肠痈、痈疡肿毒、疔疮、高血压及肝炎等。其化学成分复杂,主要含有黄酮、黄酮苷,挥发油、三萜和甾醇等物质。大蓟在民间验方多用于治疗癌症,如:大蓟根、三白草根治肝癌;鲜大蓟叶与鸡蛋清搅拌后贴于患处,可治乳腺癌等。赵鹏等用大蓟提取物对Hep细胞毒性的研究表明:大蓟提取物能抑制Hep细胞的生长,并能提高Hep荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能等。但对其抗肿瘤成分及其抗肿瘤机制未见报道。
     本论文以大蓟为研究材料,应用药物化学、分析化学、生物技术、药理学、细胞学、分子生物学等方法,通过有机溶剂提取、硅胶层析和凝胶层析,以H22和S180为肿瘤模型筛选大蓟的抗肿瘤活性成分,并从免疫和诱导调亡方面探明其抗肿瘤机制,为抗肿瘤新药的开发及大蓟的利用提供科学依据和理论基础。
     以H22和S180为肿瘤模型,用大蓟水提物、醇提物和乙酸乙脂萃取物等抑制肿瘤的生长,乙酸乙脂萃取物的抑制作用最明显,其抑瘤率为40.42%。紫外图谱和特征显色鉴别出大蓟中抗肿瘤的活性成分主要为黄酮类成分,以芦丁为对照品,用紫外分光光度计测定其总黄酮的含量为65.89%。
     用硅胶柱分离大蓟中的黄酮类成分,得到两个黄酮单体,并用紫外、红外、质谱等光谱分析,确定两个黄酮单体分别为柳穿鱼叶苷和5,7二羟基-6,4′-二甲氧基黄酮,再以S180为肿瘤模型比较大蓟总黄酮及两个单体化合物的抗肿瘤作用,结果表明大蓟的两种黄酮混合物抗肿瘤作用强于两个单体化合物。
Cirsium japonicum DC, a traditional Chinese medicine, is a perennial plant. It is 100-150cm in plant height and has upright stalk with white hair on the stalk. The leaves are intergrowth and obovoid oblong ovate with sinus - indentation in the margin and oblique needling. It flowers during May and June. It has a terminal cluster of anthodium,, solitary purple red flowers, flat oval achene. It grows on the sides of the road or in the wild in most parts of China. The whole plant or root in Cirsium japonicum DC can be used as medicine. Cirsium japonicum DC is cool in nature and sweet and bitter in taste. It has the function of cooling the blood and stoping bleeding, dispelling blood stasis and pain. It is mainly used to treat haematemesis, nose bleeding, hematuri, bloody gonorrhea, flood, Ieukorrhea, hematochezia, acute appendicitis, large carbuncle, furuncle, high blood pressure, and hepatitis. Its chemical components are complex, which mainly contains flavones, flavonoid glycoside, volatile oils, triterpene,sterol. In the well-established folk recipes, Cirsium japonicum DC is usually used in the treatment of cancers. For example, the root of Cirsium japonicum DC and rhizome of Chinese lizardtail are combined to treat liver cancer; the ground fresh leaves of Cirsium japonicum DC and the egg white are together applied to affected part to treat breast cancer. Zhao Peng et al showed that the extract from Cirsium japonicum DC can inhibit the growth of Hep cell and improve the immune function in tumor-bearing mice. But no reports have been seen on the anti-cancer components in Cirsium japonicum DC and its anti-cancer mechanism.
引文
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