汽车车身造型设计美学研究
摘要
本文依据世界汽车的百年发展历史,运用设计美学基础理论,系统研究了汽车车身造型的基本因素、思维方法、美学特征、美学风格、美学规律、以及设计方法,尝试性地探索了汽车车身造型的时代风格、民族风格与地域风格。
文章的开篇,是对所选题目的背景、研究目的及意义和研究方法及总体思路进行介绍。叙述了我国汽车设计美学领域、艺术与设计领域与国外相关领域的研究现状,为研究汽车车身造型设计文化提供了参考。
第二章,以设计美学为指导,建立汽车车身造型设计理论基础。从人们对汽车的美、汽车美的性质的认识及审美欣赏出发,研究提出了,汽车车身造型美的四对美学特征:即汽车的内在美与外在美;汽车的静态美与动态美;汽车的理性美与感性美;汽车的刚性美与柔性美。
第三章是论文的主干部分。研究、界定了,汽车车身造型设计所涉及的艺术因素、技术因素、价值因素、材料因素等4个基本因素。强调艺术因素在汽车车身造型设计美学中的重要性、特点及应用范围;重点考虑技术因素在汽车车身造型设计中的功能、结构及工艺特点,尤其是人机学、空气动力学的应用;材料因素是汽车车身设计的物质基础。合理选用功能、结构匹配的车身材料,才能塑造汽车车身刚度和强度的新型结构,满足现代化汽车造型设计的工艺要求;着重分析汽车车身造型的价值因素,结合国家重点项目“863”国家高技术研究发展的计划项目(项目编号:2006AA110105);题目《汽车造型2D手绘与3D数模一体化关键技术研究》与国家“863”计划(项目编号:2006AA110105.1)题目《重型商用车集成开发先进技术》项目子项。运用价值工程理念,对汽车车身造型进行了形体分析与价值分析。
第四章是运用形式美的艺术法则,探讨汽车车身造型中的设计美学规律。提出变化与统一;均衡与稳定;对比与调和等8对汽车设计美学法则。
第五章从汽车车身造型设计的前期入手,将创造性思维方法引入到车型的构思中,研究提出形象思维、灵感思维、虚拟思维等11种创造性思维方法。形成较系统的汽车车身造型设计思维模式。
第六章从研究汽车文化切入,对汽车车身造型设计的民族风格、地域风格、时代风格加以论述,初步建立了汽车设计美学的文化基础。
第七章对照世界名车的汽车造型,评析汽车车身造型前脸、侧围、后围、顶棚、内饰、色彩等各部分的造型特点与风格。预测探索现代汽车车身造型的发展方向。
Automobile body modeling design which includes many factors such as material, structure, and technology, is necessary to meet consumer’s demands and aesthetic needs. Automobile body modeling design is the integration of science and art, and it is also the harmony between technology and aesthetics. Therefore, automobile body design primarily deals with engineering and art. Mainly engineering study primarily focuses on automobile body structure, manufacturing technology, aerodynamics, and ergonomics, engineering material science, and general assembly. Meanwhile, art study involves automobile body shape molding, color design, and the manifestation of automobile body texture etc. Automobile body modeling design and practice have a long history in the worldwide.
However, according to automobile design aesthetic study, in China systematic research and its design aesthetic theory are still in the developing stages, and do not have systematic basis theory. The modern automobile is an important medium of people’s pursuit of beauty and personal aesthetic taste. Automobile body design is based on aesthetic study. If one only focuses on technology, laying aside aesthetics, the study is incomplete. Likewise, ignoring technology, the study is meaningless if it only emphasizes aesthetics. Therefore, the dialectical analysis based on automobile technology and aesthetic study is an effective way to accomplish the goal of the automobile body modeling design.
The study of automobile design is a combination of many factors such as modern science and technology, humanities, and economics. Aesthetic elements of automobile body design not only includes shape, color, and texture but also is associated with science and technology, economy, culture and market. Automobile modeling design and practice can only be conducted well by excavating various disciplines which are associated with automobile body design, revealing and consolidating many factors, rationalizing interdisciplinary harmonious relations, and exacting thebasic law of automobile design aesthetics.
Based on long term design practice, emotional beauty and rational beauty, static beauty and dynamic beauty, inner beauty and outer beauty, rigid beauty and flexible beauty of automobile modeling can be discovered, understood and created. Since people appreciate and pursue ever changing beauty in cars, there is a continual need to improve the aesthetics of automobiles. With the development of automobile industry, the emergence of new structure, new processes, new materials, and new features will provide a good space for aesthetic study and application of automobile modeling design.With the application of computers in automobile body design and manufacturing, especially the applications of CAD, CAF, and CAM, traditional design and manufacturing methods will be changed. Therefore, processing technology of automobile body materials will also be subsequently changed. It builds a solid foundation for emerging development of future automotive materials. In addition, according to the European experts’forecast, the mass of the automobile body will reduce by 20% during the next decade.
In addition to the extensive use of composite materials and light alloys, the automobile body design methods will undergo major changes.The widely spread use of new materials in automotive modeling, effects traditional design methods which may no longer be suitable. It is replaced by a shape optimization design method which is based on biological growth. This design method can not only reduce component mass but can also extend the life of the parts. In addition, the introduction of this new design method also enables substantial reduction in the number of body parts which indicates that lightweight design has great market potential.
The aesthetics law of automobile design is developed in the practice of automobile design aesthetics. It is not governed by constant or dogmatic rules, but in essence is explored and refined in automobile design practice. It should be applied flexibly, not Mechanically.Th e design approach of creative thinking has been widely used in the automotive modeling design. It plays a very important role on inspiring designers’thoughts, developing design ideas and studying the aesthetics of creative automobile design. The creative thinking methods will inspire the automobile modeling designer to be familiar with modern design thought in order to design stylish, innovative and unique future models.
The automobile has different aesthetic features and aesthetic values at different times. Simple, plump, tall, and straight are car aesthetic trends. Its function is related to politics, technology, economy, culture, and people’s changing perspective of aesthetics. In addition, it also relates to structure, materials, and processes. It makes the car not only a means of transportation, but also an artwork shown to people. In order to harmonize the relationship between practical function and mental function, to design novel, unique, practical, economic, and aesthetically fashioned modern cars, the time style of automobile design aesthetic should be studied.
Automobile body design should constantly coordinate the relationship between overall cost and technology factors such as materials, structure, process etc. and art factors such as shape, color, and texture according to design requirements of overall assembly. The designed car can not only be consistent with functions but also meet aesthetic needs and ultimately mold the ideal body shape and color patterns. Therefore, automobile body modeling, mainly relates to body structure, manufacturing process requirements, aerodynamics, ergonomics, engineering material science, automotive construction and so on. At the same time, it involves much art knowledge such as the visual modeling of psychological, shape modeling, texture reflecting, internal and external decoration, color planning, aesthetics and taste. In addition, since the automobile is merchandise, its cost and customer’s psychological demands need to be considered. More attractive, high.tech automotive products will be created on the multi.disciplinary and multi.faceted design platform.
In this paper, innovations are as follows:
First, based on the study of automotive design aesthetic characteristics, many academic arguments are presented such as inner beauty and external beauty, rational beauty and emotional beauty, static beauty and dynamic beauty, and rigid beauty and flexible beauty. Furthermore, basic theory about automobile design aesthetics is enriched. This article is published on Space.Chinese Art. 2008.6
Second, based on the study of automotive design aesthetic characteristics, art factors, technology factors, the law of value, and material factors of automobile modeling design are studied. These articles are published on "Package Engineering" 2008.7; "Package Engineering" 2008.3; "Package Engineering" 2007.11
Third, based on the study of automotive design aesthetic characteristics, many academic arguments such as national style, regional style, time style and aesthetic style of automobile design aesthetics are proposed. These articles are published on: Space .Chinese art, 2007.1; Time Art. classical Chinese art, 2008.6; Time Art. classical Chinese art, 2008.12 (2). Among them, the paper "Aesthetic Style Analysis of World Car Design," won the first prize in Jilin Province Visual Arts Forum.
Fourth, since the creative thinking method is important to automobile modeling aesthetics, this study proposes as its chief academic argument that the creative thinking method be carefully applied to concept car design. The article is published on: "Package Engineering" 2007.8
文章的开篇,是对所选题目的背景、研究目的及意义和研究方法及总体思路进行介绍。叙述了我国汽车设计美学领域、艺术与设计领域与国外相关领域的研究现状,为研究汽车车身造型设计文化提供了参考。
第二章,以设计美学为指导,建立汽车车身造型设计理论基础。从人们对汽车的美、汽车美的性质的认识及审美欣赏出发,研究提出了,汽车车身造型美的四对美学特征:即汽车的内在美与外在美;汽车的静态美与动态美;汽车的理性美与感性美;汽车的刚性美与柔性美。
第三章是论文的主干部分。研究、界定了,汽车车身造型设计所涉及的艺术因素、技术因素、价值因素、材料因素等4个基本因素。强调艺术因素在汽车车身造型设计美学中的重要性、特点及应用范围;重点考虑技术因素在汽车车身造型设计中的功能、结构及工艺特点,尤其是人机学、空气动力学的应用;材料因素是汽车车身设计的物质基础。合理选用功能、结构匹配的车身材料,才能塑造汽车车身刚度和强度的新型结构,满足现代化汽车造型设计的工艺要求;着重分析汽车车身造型的价值因素,结合国家重点项目“863”国家高技术研究发展的计划项目(项目编号:2006AA110105);题目《汽车造型2D手绘与3D数模一体化关键技术研究》与国家“863”计划(项目编号:2006AA110105.1)题目《重型商用车集成开发先进技术》项目子项。运用价值工程理念,对汽车车身造型进行了形体分析与价值分析。
第四章是运用形式美的艺术法则,探讨汽车车身造型中的设计美学规律。提出变化与统一;均衡与稳定;对比与调和等8对汽车设计美学法则。
第五章从汽车车身造型设计的前期入手,将创造性思维方法引入到车型的构思中,研究提出形象思维、灵感思维、虚拟思维等11种创造性思维方法。形成较系统的汽车车身造型设计思维模式。
第六章从研究汽车文化切入,对汽车车身造型设计的民族风格、地域风格、时代风格加以论述,初步建立了汽车设计美学的文化基础。
第七章对照世界名车的汽车造型,评析汽车车身造型前脸、侧围、后围、顶棚、内饰、色彩等各部分的造型特点与风格。预测探索现代汽车车身造型的发展方向。
Automobile body modeling design which includes many factors such as material, structure, and technology, is necessary to meet consumer’s demands and aesthetic needs. Automobile body modeling design is the integration of science and art, and it is also the harmony between technology and aesthetics. Therefore, automobile body design primarily deals with engineering and art. Mainly engineering study primarily focuses on automobile body structure, manufacturing technology, aerodynamics, and ergonomics, engineering material science, and general assembly. Meanwhile, art study involves automobile body shape molding, color design, and the manifestation of automobile body texture etc. Automobile body modeling design and practice have a long history in the worldwide.
However, according to automobile design aesthetic study, in China systematic research and its design aesthetic theory are still in the developing stages, and do not have systematic basis theory. The modern automobile is an important medium of people’s pursuit of beauty and personal aesthetic taste. Automobile body design is based on aesthetic study. If one only focuses on technology, laying aside aesthetics, the study is incomplete. Likewise, ignoring technology, the study is meaningless if it only emphasizes aesthetics. Therefore, the dialectical analysis based on automobile technology and aesthetic study is an effective way to accomplish the goal of the automobile body modeling design.
The study of automobile design is a combination of many factors such as modern science and technology, humanities, and economics. Aesthetic elements of automobile body design not only includes shape, color, and texture but also is associated with science and technology, economy, culture and market. Automobile modeling design and practice can only be conducted well by excavating various disciplines which are associated with automobile body design, revealing and consolidating many factors, rationalizing interdisciplinary harmonious relations, and exacting thebasic law of automobile design aesthetics.
Based on long term design practice, emotional beauty and rational beauty, static beauty and dynamic beauty, inner beauty and outer beauty, rigid beauty and flexible beauty of automobile modeling can be discovered, understood and created. Since people appreciate and pursue ever changing beauty in cars, there is a continual need to improve the aesthetics of automobiles. With the development of automobile industry, the emergence of new structure, new processes, new materials, and new features will provide a good space for aesthetic study and application of automobile modeling design.With the application of computers in automobile body design and manufacturing, especially the applications of CAD, CAF, and CAM, traditional design and manufacturing methods will be changed. Therefore, processing technology of automobile body materials will also be subsequently changed. It builds a solid foundation for emerging development of future automotive materials. In addition, according to the European experts’forecast, the mass of the automobile body will reduce by 20% during the next decade.
In addition to the extensive use of composite materials and light alloys, the automobile body design methods will undergo major changes.The widely spread use of new materials in automotive modeling, effects traditional design methods which may no longer be suitable. It is replaced by a shape optimization design method which is based on biological growth. This design method can not only reduce component mass but can also extend the life of the parts. In addition, the introduction of this new design method also enables substantial reduction in the number of body parts which indicates that lightweight design has great market potential.
The aesthetics law of automobile design is developed in the practice of automobile design aesthetics. It is not governed by constant or dogmatic rules, but in essence is explored and refined in automobile design practice. It should be applied flexibly, not Mechanically.Th e design approach of creative thinking has been widely used in the automotive modeling design. It plays a very important role on inspiring designers’thoughts, developing design ideas and studying the aesthetics of creative automobile design. The creative thinking methods will inspire the automobile modeling designer to be familiar with modern design thought in order to design stylish, innovative and unique future models.
The automobile has different aesthetic features and aesthetic values at different times. Simple, plump, tall, and straight are car aesthetic trends. Its function is related to politics, technology, economy, culture, and people’s changing perspective of aesthetics. In addition, it also relates to structure, materials, and processes. It makes the car not only a means of transportation, but also an artwork shown to people. In order to harmonize the relationship between practical function and mental function, to design novel, unique, practical, economic, and aesthetically fashioned modern cars, the time style of automobile design aesthetic should be studied.
Automobile body design should constantly coordinate the relationship between overall cost and technology factors such as materials, structure, process etc. and art factors such as shape, color, and texture according to design requirements of overall assembly. The designed car can not only be consistent with functions but also meet aesthetic needs and ultimately mold the ideal body shape and color patterns. Therefore, automobile body modeling, mainly relates to body structure, manufacturing process requirements, aerodynamics, ergonomics, engineering material science, automotive construction and so on. At the same time, it involves much art knowledge such as the visual modeling of psychological, shape modeling, texture reflecting, internal and external decoration, color planning, aesthetics and taste. In addition, since the automobile is merchandise, its cost and customer’s psychological demands need to be considered. More attractive, high.tech automotive products will be created on the multi.disciplinary and multi.faceted design platform.
In this paper, innovations are as follows:
First, based on the study of automotive design aesthetic characteristics, many academic arguments are presented such as inner beauty and external beauty, rational beauty and emotional beauty, static beauty and dynamic beauty, and rigid beauty and flexible beauty. Furthermore, basic theory about automobile design aesthetics is enriched. This article is published on Space.Chinese Art. 2008.6
Second, based on the study of automotive design aesthetic characteristics, art factors, technology factors, the law of value, and material factors of automobile modeling design are studied. These articles are published on "Package Engineering" 2008.7; "Package Engineering" 2008.3; "Package Engineering" 2007.11
Third, based on the study of automotive design aesthetic characteristics, many academic arguments such as national style, regional style, time style and aesthetic style of automobile design aesthetics are proposed. These articles are published on: Space .Chinese art, 2007.1; Time Art. classical Chinese art, 2008.6; Time Art. classical Chinese art, 2008.12 (2). Among them, the paper "Aesthetic Style Analysis of World Car Design," won the first prize in Jilin Province Visual Arts Forum.
Fourth, since the creative thinking method is important to automobile modeling aesthetics, this study proposes as its chief academic argument that the creative thinking method be carefully applied to concept car design. The article is published on: "Package Engineering" 2007.8
引文
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