西汉公路山渣料的强度特性及其应用研究
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摘要
针对西汉高速公路沿线大量采用山渣料填筑路基的情况,对陕南地区山渣料的物理特性、强度和变形特性、路堤稳定性计算和断面设计方案优选开展了较为深入系统的试验研究和理论探索。论文主要研究内容及其取得成果如下:
(1)研究了山渣料的物理性质。对山渣料的分类、表面特征、级配特征等物理特性进行了分析总结,得出山渣料的风化程度不同,粗颗粒含量也不同,山渣料的颗粒直径变化幅度很大,级配大部分良好。
(2)研究了山渣料的压实特性。通过对不同粗粒含量的山渣料进行试验研究,发现当粗粒料含量为40%时,山渣料的承载力最大;随着击实功的增加,CBR值可能减少;击实后的浸水破碎率明显比击实前后破碎率幅度小。可见,击实功是保证这种材料填筑路基稳定性的关键因素。山渣料压实特性的规律及其参数的研究,为路基施工提供了参数依据。
(3)山渣料路堤稳定性计算方法。通过全面考虑影响因素,根据山渣料路堤边坡的滑动面呈上陡中缓下边呈圆弧形的破坏形式,建立山渣料路堤稳定性的计算分析模型,根据模型得出相应的计算公式,最后用Visual Basic 6.0语言开发了山渣料路堤稳定性计算软件,并利用该软件实现了山渣料路堤稳定性的计算分析,并用斜条分法对计算结果进行了验证,结果表明用本文法对山渣料路堤边坡进行稳定性计算时,使用简单明了,速度快,误差小,便于应用。
(4)山渣料路堤横断面的优化方法。综合考虑路基的稳定性、抗冲刷性和经济性,通过稳定性分析,确定合适的公路路堤边坡坡率。提出了综合赋权多属性决策模型,建立了适合公路路堤横断面设计的优化方法,利用综合赋权多属性决策优选模型对山渣料高路堤横断面的设计方案进行优选,在稳定的前提下优选出最为经济的方案。该方法具有概念清晰、计算方法简单,提高决策精度等特点,并减少了主观赋权和客观赋权的影响因素,为横断面最优设计形式的确定提供了理论依据。
In light of mass adoption of earth-rock mixtrue of XI-HAN highway,the stability analysis of embankment and optimization of section design schemes, as well as The phycical and deformed characterristics and intensity in the south area of Shan Xi province, have been studied systematically and theoretically. The main research work and fruits achieved in this paper were described as follows:
(1)Study on the physical characteristics of earth-rock mixtrue,including classification,surface and gradation character-istic,non-homogenizing and non-continuous characteristic, size effect and contact characteristic, and through analyzing and summarizing to get that different efflorescence results in different content of grains in earth-rock mixtr-ue and the diameters change a lot,but with most gradation in good condition.
(2)Study on the compaction characteristic of earth-rock mixtrue .according to experimenting and studying on the content of different coarse-grained materials.,it proves that the carring capacity of earth-rock mixtrue reach the peak when the content of grains is 40%, and CBR may decrease with the increase of compaction. The amplitude of waterishlogged fragmentation rate after compaction is bigger than before. So, compaction is a key factor to guarantee the stability of embankment using this kind of material. The study on rules an arguments of earth-rock mixtrue offers important referrence to embankment construction.
(3)The caculation of the stability of earth-rock mixtrue embankment. Considering all kinds of influence factors ,the analytical model has been built,according to the fact that the sliding side of embankment slope shows a destructive form that is steep up, glacis in the middle ,and arc in the bottom. Analytical formula is found from the model . finally, the stability analytical software has been developed in Visual Basic 6.0,and put it in practice additionally, sub-section method is used to validate the analytical result.It proves that this method in the stability analytical has the following advantages:brief and perspicuous, faster, less errors and convenience.
(4)The optimal method of earth-rock mixtrue embankment transect.Considering the stability,protection against erosion and economical characteristic, proper embankment slope gradient is decided through stability analytical.Comprehensive weight multiattribute decision-model is proposed, and the optimal method of embankment transect design is built. Using Comprehensive weight multiattribute decision-model,the design schemes of earth-rock mixtrue embankment transect are selected for the most economical one with stability request. With many advantages of clear conception,simply computation and improvement of decision precision,this method decreases the influence of subject and object evalution,and provides theoretic reference to the optimal design of transects.
(1)研究了山渣料的物理性质。对山渣料的分类、表面特征、级配特征等物理特性进行了分析总结,得出山渣料的风化程度不同,粗颗粒含量也不同,山渣料的颗粒直径变化幅度很大,级配大部分良好。
(2)研究了山渣料的压实特性。通过对不同粗粒含量的山渣料进行试验研究,发现当粗粒料含量为40%时,山渣料的承载力最大;随着击实功的增加,CBR值可能减少;击实后的浸水破碎率明显比击实前后破碎率幅度小。可见,击实功是保证这种材料填筑路基稳定性的关键因素。山渣料压实特性的规律及其参数的研究,为路基施工提供了参数依据。
(3)山渣料路堤稳定性计算方法。通过全面考虑影响因素,根据山渣料路堤边坡的滑动面呈上陡中缓下边呈圆弧形的破坏形式,建立山渣料路堤稳定性的计算分析模型,根据模型得出相应的计算公式,最后用Visual Basic 6.0语言开发了山渣料路堤稳定性计算软件,并利用该软件实现了山渣料路堤稳定性的计算分析,并用斜条分法对计算结果进行了验证,结果表明用本文法对山渣料路堤边坡进行稳定性计算时,使用简单明了,速度快,误差小,便于应用。
(4)山渣料路堤横断面的优化方法。综合考虑路基的稳定性、抗冲刷性和经济性,通过稳定性分析,确定合适的公路路堤边坡坡率。提出了综合赋权多属性决策模型,建立了适合公路路堤横断面设计的优化方法,利用综合赋权多属性决策优选模型对山渣料高路堤横断面的设计方案进行优选,在稳定的前提下优选出最为经济的方案。该方法具有概念清晰、计算方法简单,提高决策精度等特点,并减少了主观赋权和客观赋权的影响因素,为横断面最优设计形式的确定提供了理论依据。
In light of mass adoption of earth-rock mixtrue of XI-HAN highway,the stability analysis of embankment and optimization of section design schemes, as well as The phycical and deformed characterristics and intensity in the south area of Shan Xi province, have been studied systematically and theoretically. The main research work and fruits achieved in this paper were described as follows:
(1)Study on the physical characteristics of earth-rock mixtrue,including classification,surface and gradation character-istic,non-homogenizing and non-continuous characteristic, size effect and contact characteristic, and through analyzing and summarizing to get that different efflorescence results in different content of grains in earth-rock mixtr-ue and the diameters change a lot,but with most gradation in good condition.
(2)Study on the compaction characteristic of earth-rock mixtrue .according to experimenting and studying on the content of different coarse-grained materials.,it proves that the carring capacity of earth-rock mixtrue reach the peak when the content of grains is 40%, and CBR may decrease with the increase of compaction. The amplitude of waterishlogged fragmentation rate after compaction is bigger than before. So, compaction is a key factor to guarantee the stability of embankment using this kind of material. The study on rules an arguments of earth-rock mixtrue offers important referrence to embankment construction.
(3)The caculation of the stability of earth-rock mixtrue embankment. Considering all kinds of influence factors ,the analytical model has been built,according to the fact that the sliding side of embankment slope shows a destructive form that is steep up, glacis in the middle ,and arc in the bottom. Analytical formula is found from the model . finally, the stability analytical software has been developed in Visual Basic 6.0,and put it in practice additionally, sub-section method is used to validate the analytical result.It proves that this method in the stability analytical has the following advantages:brief and perspicuous, faster, less errors and convenience.
(4)The optimal method of earth-rock mixtrue embankment transect.Considering the stability,protection against erosion and economical characteristic, proper embankment slope gradient is decided through stability analytical.Comprehensive weight multiattribute decision-model is proposed, and the optimal method of embankment transect design is built. Using Comprehensive weight multiattribute decision-model,the design schemes of earth-rock mixtrue embankment transect are selected for the most economical one with stability request. With many advantages of clear conception,simply computation and improvement of decision precision,this method decreases the influence of subject and object evalution,and provides theoretic reference to the optimal design of transects.
引文
[1]张永杰.西汉高速公路山渣料路用性能研究[D].西安:长安大学,2004:3-8
[2]王东耀.山渣料的变形与强度以及路基修筑技术研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006:1-3
[3]折学森,王东耀,叶万军.山渣料的路用性能试验[R].陕西高速集团科研报告,2005:2-3
[4]沈世钊.大跨空间结构若干理论问题研究[J].苏州城建环保学院学报,2000,23(3):1-8
[5]曹可勇,刘丽萍,李高旺.山渣料工程性质的研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2007,5(3):28-29
[6]叶万军,王东耀.山渣料作为路用填料的可行性室内试验研究[J].公路,2007,(8):180-183
[7]邓卫东.高填路堤稳定性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2003:35-68
[8]徐积江,钟以明,杨灯发.山区公路高填方路基经济实用的断面型式选择[J].公路,2005,24(1):86-88
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[11] VESIC A.S.& CLOUGH G.W.,Behaviour of granular materials under high stresses,J.Soil Mech. Fdn.Engng Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Engrs 94,1998,SM 3:661-668
[12] R.J.MARSAL,Mechanical properties of rockfill,Embankment dam engineering,casagrande volume,New York,1993:109-200
[13] MARACHI N.D.,Strength and deformation characteristics of rock fill materials,PhD thesis,Uni-versity of California,1999
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[15] CHARLES J.A., Watts K.S., The influence of confining pressure on the shear strength of co-mpacted rockfill, Geotechnique 30, 1990, No.4: 353.367
[16] INDRARATNA B. Et Al, Design for grouted rock bolts based on the convergence control met-hod, Int.Rock Mech. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 27, 1996, No.4: 268-281
[17] DE.MELLO,Y.F.B,Reflections on design decisions of practical significance to embankment dams Geotechnique 27,1997, No.3:279-355
[18] INDRARATNA B. Development and applications of a synthetic material to simulate soft sedi-mentary rocks, Geotechnique 40, 1990,No.2:189-200
[19]武明.土石混合非均质填料压实特性试验研究[J].公路,1996,(5):33-38
[20]刘宏.砂砾石土料的压实特性[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2002.24(4):297-299
[21]孙耀东..粗粒料最佳工艺参数的确定[J]..北华大学学报:自然科学版,2000.1(6):540-543
[22]武鹤,王莉,陈铁林.风化岩路基填料的击实试验与检测方法[J].黑龙江程学院学报,2001.15(2):20-22
[23]王东耀,刘丽萍,叶万军.山渣料路用性能试验[J].长安大学学报,2007,17(1) :15-18
[24]屈智炯,何昌荣.新型石渣坝[M].中国水利水电出版社,2002:33-38
[25]郭庆国..粗粒土的工程特性及应用[M].黄河水利出版社,1999:23-26
[26]阎宗岭.堆石体物理力学特性及其工程应用研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003:4-8
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[29]夏元友,李梅.边坡稳定性评价方法及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,221(7):1087-1091
[30]孙玉科,姚宝魁,许兵.矿山边坡稳定性研究的回顾与展望[J].工程地质学报,1999,6(4):305-311
[31]殷宗泽,吕擎峰.圆弧滑动有限元土坡稳定分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(10):12-18
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[33]朱大勇,李焯芬,黄茂松等.对3种著名边坡稳定性计算方法的改进[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):183-194
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[2]王东耀.山渣料的变形与强度以及路基修筑技术研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006:1-3
[3]折学森,王东耀,叶万军.山渣料的路用性能试验[R].陕西高速集团科研报告,2005:2-3
[4]沈世钊.大跨空间结构若干理论问题研究[J].苏州城建环保学院学报,2000,23(3):1-8
[5]曹可勇,刘丽萍,李高旺.山渣料工程性质的研究[J].水利与建筑工程学报,2007,5(3):28-29
[6]叶万军,王东耀.山渣料作为路用填料的可行性室内试验研究[J].公路,2007,(8):180-183
[7]邓卫东.高填路堤稳定性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2003:35-68
[8]徐积江,钟以明,杨灯发.山区公路高填方路基经济实用的断面型式选择[J].公路,2005,24(1):86-88
[9]中华人民共和国交通部《公路土工试验规程》(JTG E40-2007)[M].人民交通出版社,1993:33-36
[10] MARSAL R J.Large scale testing of rockfill materials,J.Soil Mech. Fdn Engng Div.Am.Soc.Ci-v.Engrs.93,1997,SM 2:27-34
[11] VESIC A.S.& CLOUGH G.W.,Behaviour of granular materials under high stresses,J.Soil Mech. Fdn.Engng Div. Am. Soc. Civ. Engrs 94,1998,SM 3:661-668
[12] R.J.MARSAL,Mechanical properties of rockfill,Embankment dam engineering,casagrande volume,New York,1993:109-200
[13] MARACHI N.D.,Strength and deformation characteristics of rock fill materials,PhD thesis,Uni-versity of California,1999
[14] MARACHI N.D., et al, Evaluation of properties of rockfill materials, J. Soil Mech. Fdn Engn-g Div.Am. Soc. Civ. Engrs 98, 1998, SM 1: 95-114
[15] CHARLES J.A., Watts K.S., The influence of confining pressure on the shear strength of co-mpacted rockfill, Geotechnique 30, 1990, No.4: 353.367
[16] INDRARATNA B. Et Al, Design for grouted rock bolts based on the convergence control met-hod, Int.Rock Mech. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 27, 1996, No.4: 268-281
[17] DE.MELLO,Y.F.B,Reflections on design decisions of practical significance to embankment dams Geotechnique 27,1997, No.3:279-355
[18] INDRARATNA B. Development and applications of a synthetic material to simulate soft sedi-mentary rocks, Geotechnique 40, 1990,No.2:189-200
[19]武明.土石混合非均质填料压实特性试验研究[J].公路,1996,(5):33-38
[20]刘宏.砂砾石土料的压实特性[J].三峡大学学报:自然科学版,2002.24(4):297-299
[21]孙耀东..粗粒料最佳工艺参数的确定[J]..北华大学学报:自然科学版,2000.1(6):540-543
[22]武鹤,王莉,陈铁林.风化岩路基填料的击实试验与检测方法[J].黑龙江程学院学报,2001.15(2):20-22
[23]王东耀,刘丽萍,叶万军.山渣料路用性能试验[J].长安大学学报,2007,17(1) :15-18
[24]屈智炯,何昌荣.新型石渣坝[M].中国水利水电出版社,2002:33-38
[25]郭庆国..粗粒土的工程特性及应用[M].黄河水利出版社,1999:23-26
[26]阎宗岭.堆石体物理力学特性及其工程应用研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2003:4-8
[27]赵锡宏,孙红,罗冠威.损伤土力学[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2000:14-28
[28]郑颖人,赵尚毅,时卫民等.边坡稳定分析的一些进展[J].地下空间,2001.21(4): 262-271.
[29]夏元友,李梅.边坡稳定性评价方法及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,221(7):1087-1091
[30]孙玉科,姚宝魁,许兵.矿山边坡稳定性研究的回顾与展望[J].工程地质学报,1999,6(4):305-311
[31]殷宗泽,吕擎峰.圆弧滑动有限元土坡稳定分析[J].岩土力学,2005,26(10):12-18
[32]焦玉勇,葛修润.基于静态松弛法求解的三维离散单元法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,19(4):453-458
[33]朱大勇,李焯芬,黄茂松等.对3种著名边坡稳定性计算方法的改进[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):183-194
[34]张雄.边坡稳定性分析的改进条分法[J].岩土工程学报,1995(5):84-92
[35]夏元友,李梅.边坡稳定性评价方法研究及发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21 (7):33-39
[36]卓家寿,章青.不连续介质力学问题的界面元法[M].科学出版社,2000:57-68
[37]章青,卓家寿.三峡船闸高边坡稳定分析的界面元与评判标准[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):285-288
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