新型开关磁阻电机的分析与设计研究
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摘要
转矩脉动是开关磁阻电机(Switched Reluctance Motor, SRM)的显著缺陷,它是由电机的定转子双凸极结构、开关形式的供电电源以及多变量的高度非线性和高度耦合共同决定的。由转矩脉动引起的振动和噪声严重影响了SRM的运行性能,限制了其应用范围。为此本文从优化设计的角度分析了抑制转矩脉动的方法,并提出了一种新型结构开关磁阻电机。
本文首先简述了转矩脉动产生的主要原因及电机结构参数对转矩脉动的影响,并总结了抑制转矩脉动的方法,主要为两方面——电机本体设计和控制策略。其次介绍了新型开关磁阻电机的结构和工作原理,根据SRM设计的经验公式和各性能参数需满足的条件,确定了新型开关磁阻电机的主要尺寸,并利用VB编写了计算电机其他尺寸和参数的程序,利用此程序计算了0.2kW三相6/4极新型开关磁阻电机的结构尺寸和参数。最后,在SRM数学模型和工程电磁场数值计算的理论基础上,运用ANSOFT Maxwell软件对新型开关磁阻电机进行了二维全场域的有限元分析和计算。分析了电机转子极弧、主磁极、辅助磁极极弧宽度和转子凹槽深度等结构参数对SRM转矩脉动的影响,通过优化电机的结构尺寸和参数对电机进行了电磁设计,同时进行了大量的仿真计算,得到了转矩波动系数和最大电感、最小电感之比随转子极弧、主磁极、辅助磁极极弧宽度和转子凹槽深度的变化曲线。
另外本文还计算了新型开关磁阻电机的静态特性——矩角特性、电感特性和磁链特性。仿真结果表明新型开关磁阻电机能够有效地缩短电机磁路、增大电机出力,最重要的是减小了转矩脉动。本课题的研究为新型开关磁阻电机的进一步控制和应用提供了良好的依据。
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) has a serious disadvantage of torque ripple that is inevitable for the motor's doubly salient structure, switch power source and highly nonlinear and strong coupling variables. However, the undesirable noise and vibration caused by the torque ripple gravely affected the performance of the motor and limited its application. Therefore, this paper analyzed the methods of reducing torque ripple from the view of optimization design, and proposed a new structure of the SRM.
First, this paper briefly introduced the producing mechanism of the torque ripple and the influences caused by the structure dimensions of motor. It then analyzed the methods to reduce the torque ripple, which contains two kinds. One is aimed at the design of motor, and the other is focus on changing the control strategy. Secondly, the paper introduced the structures and operating principle of the new SRM. Then it calculated the dimensions and mainly parameters of a200W, three-phase6/4poles new SRM according to the empirical formula of the SRM design. The calculation also took into account the conditions that the parameters have to obey. This paper developed a simple software to calculate the dimensions of the new SRM. The Ansoft Maxwell software is used to analyze the model of the new SRM. At last, this paper analyzed how the dimensions, rotor pole arc, stator pole width and rotor groove depth, affected the characteristics of the new SRM. Finally, it got the curves of torque ripples and inductances as these dimensions changed.
In addition the paper also calculated the static characteristics of the new SRM, that is, torque, inductance and flux characteristics. Simulation results show that the new SRM can effectively shorten the motor magnetic circuit, increase the motor output and obviously reduce the torque ripple. The research of this subject provided a basis for further control and application research of the new SRM.
本文首先简述了转矩脉动产生的主要原因及电机结构参数对转矩脉动的影响,并总结了抑制转矩脉动的方法,主要为两方面——电机本体设计和控制策略。其次介绍了新型开关磁阻电机的结构和工作原理,根据SRM设计的经验公式和各性能参数需满足的条件,确定了新型开关磁阻电机的主要尺寸,并利用VB编写了计算电机其他尺寸和参数的程序,利用此程序计算了0.2kW三相6/4极新型开关磁阻电机的结构尺寸和参数。最后,在SRM数学模型和工程电磁场数值计算的理论基础上,运用ANSOFT Maxwell软件对新型开关磁阻电机进行了二维全场域的有限元分析和计算。分析了电机转子极弧、主磁极、辅助磁极极弧宽度和转子凹槽深度等结构参数对SRM转矩脉动的影响,通过优化电机的结构尺寸和参数对电机进行了电磁设计,同时进行了大量的仿真计算,得到了转矩波动系数和最大电感、最小电感之比随转子极弧、主磁极、辅助磁极极弧宽度和转子凹槽深度的变化曲线。
另外本文还计算了新型开关磁阻电机的静态特性——矩角特性、电感特性和磁链特性。仿真结果表明新型开关磁阻电机能够有效地缩短电机磁路、增大电机出力,最重要的是减小了转矩脉动。本课题的研究为新型开关磁阻电机的进一步控制和应用提供了良好的依据。
Switched reluctance motor (SRM) has a serious disadvantage of torque ripple that is inevitable for the motor's doubly salient structure, switch power source and highly nonlinear and strong coupling variables. However, the undesirable noise and vibration caused by the torque ripple gravely affected the performance of the motor and limited its application. Therefore, this paper analyzed the methods of reducing torque ripple from the view of optimization design, and proposed a new structure of the SRM.
First, this paper briefly introduced the producing mechanism of the torque ripple and the influences caused by the structure dimensions of motor. It then analyzed the methods to reduce the torque ripple, which contains two kinds. One is aimed at the design of motor, and the other is focus on changing the control strategy. Secondly, the paper introduced the structures and operating principle of the new SRM. Then it calculated the dimensions and mainly parameters of a200W, three-phase6/4poles new SRM according to the empirical formula of the SRM design. The calculation also took into account the conditions that the parameters have to obey. This paper developed a simple software to calculate the dimensions of the new SRM. The Ansoft Maxwell software is used to analyze the model of the new SRM. At last, this paper analyzed how the dimensions, rotor pole arc, stator pole width and rotor groove depth, affected the characteristics of the new SRM. Finally, it got the curves of torque ripples and inductances as these dimensions changed.
In addition the paper also calculated the static characteristics of the new SRM, that is, torque, inductance and flux characteristics. Simulation results show that the new SRM can effectively shorten the motor magnetic circuit, increase the motor output and obviously reduce the torque ripple. The research of this subject provided a basis for further control and application research of the new SRM.
引文
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[28]Hiroaki Hayashi, Kensaku Nakamura, Akira Chiba, et al. Efficiency Improvements of Switched Reluctance Motors with High-Quality Iron Steel and Enhanced Conductor Slot Fill [J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION,2009,24(4):819-825.
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[2]杨丽伟,张奕黄.基于Ansoft的开关磁阻电机建模与仿真[J].电机技术,2007,3：13-16.
[3]汤小君,易灵芝,朱建林等.非线性模型的开关磁阻电动机转矩脉动抑制[J].电机与控制学报,2007,11(2)：120-124.
[4]Jawad Faiz, Gh. Shahgholian, H. Ghazizadeh. Analysis of Dynamic Behavior of Switched Reluctance Motor-Design Parameters Effects [C].MELECON 2010-2010 15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference, Valletta,2010:532-537.
[5]Uday Kumar R. Y, Abdul Ahad Shaik, K. S. R. Deepika. Design Analysis and Performance Characteristic of Switched Reluctance Motor [C].2010 5th International Conference on Industrial and Information System,India,2010:574-579.
[6]全星慧.开关磁阻电机磁场有限元分析及稳态特性研究[D]：硕士学位论文.黑龙江：大庆石油学院,2005.
[7]蔡燕.开关磁阻电动机非线性建模及高性能系统研究[D]：博士学位论文.天津：天津大学,2006.
[8]薛梅.开关磁阻电动机非线性建模方法及智能控制策略研究[D]：博士学位论文.天津：天津大学,2008.
[9]Michael van der Giet, Christoph Schlensok, Benedikt Schmulling, el at. Comparison of 2-D and 3-D Coupled Electromagnetic and Structure-Dynamic Simulation of Electrical Machines [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,2008,44(6):1594-1597.
[10]王坚.SR电机磁场有限元分析及铁耗计算[D]：硕士学位论文.南京：河海大学,2003.
[11]Hiroki Ishikawa, Daohong Wang, Haruo Naitoh. A New Switched Reluctance Motor Drive Circuit for Torque Ripple Reduction [C].Power Conversion Conference, Osaka,2002,2:683-688.
[12]M. Asgar, E. Afjei, A. Siadatan. A New class of Resonant Discharge Drive Topology for Switched Reluctance Motor [C]. Power Electronics and Applications, European,2009:1-9.
[13]张慧英.四相开关磁阻电机的设计及控制研究[D]：硕十学位论文.河南：：河南理工大学,2008.
[14]方力,李宏胜.开关磁阻电机自适应智能控制算法研究[J].微电机,2011,44(9)：48-52.
[15]修杰.基于遗传算法的开关磁阻电机T-S模糊模型[J].微电机,2009,42(9)：27-31.
[16]S.-Y. Wang, C.-L. Tseng, S.-C. Chien. Adaptive fuzzy cerebellar model art iculation control for switched reluctance motor drive [J].The Institution of Engineering and Technology,2012,6(3):190-202.
[17]邓君,詹琼华,孙剑波.开关磁阻电机滑模变结构速度控制[J].微电机,2006,39(7)：1-4.
[18]夏长亮,修杰.基于RBF神经网络非线性预测模型的开关磁阻电机自适应PID控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(3)：57-62.
[19]李大威,王勉华,刘春元.开关磁阻电机的直接瞬时转矩控制系统设计与研究[J].电机与控制应用,2011,38(2)：11-14.
[20]Robert B. Inderka, Rik W. A. A. De Doncker. DITC-Direct Instantaneous Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Drives [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS,2003,39(4):1046-1051.
[21]修杰.开关磁阻电动机的新型齿极结构及自组织模糊控制[D]：硕士学位论文.天津：天津大学,2004.
[22]吴建华,陈永校.开关磁阻电动机的噪声及其抑制方法[J].中小型电机,1997,24(3)：20-23
[23]Cameron D. E, Lang J. H, Umans5. D. The Origin of Acoustic Noise in Variable Reluctance Motor [C]. IEEE 25th Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,Seattle,1989,1:108-115.
[24]袁晓玲.开关磁阻电动机振动分析及控制研究[D]：博士学位论文.南京：河海大学,2004.
[25]吴建华.开关磁阻电机的损耗计算[J].微特电机,1996,2：20-22.
[26]I. Chindurza, David G. Dorrell, C. Cossar. Assessing the Core Losses in Switched Reluctance Machines [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS,2005,41(10):3907-3909.
[27]B. Ganji, J. Faiz, K. Kasper, et al. Core loss model based on finite-element method for switched reluctance motors [J].The Institution of Engineering and Technology,2010,4(7):569-577.
[28]Hiroaki Hayashi, Kensaku Nakamura, Akira Chiba, et al. Efficiency Improvements of Switched Reluctance Motors with High-Quality Iron Steel and Enhanced Conductor Slot Fill [J].IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION,2009,24(4):819-825.
[29]张慧英,汪旭东,高彩霞.开关磁阻电机优化设计方法[J].重庆工学院学报(自然科学),2008,22(5)：40-44.
[30]Iqbal Husain, Senior Member. Minimization of Torque Ripple in SRM Drives [J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2002,49(1):28-39.
[31]曹家勇,周祖德,陈幼平等.一种开关磁阻电动机转矩控制的新方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(6)：88-94.
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