用户名: 密码: 验证码:
城市智能型防洪减灾决策支持系统研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
针对当前我国城市防洪减灾研究领域中所面临的一系列问题,从
    系统分析的角度出发,运用现代管理科学的理论和方法,探讨了城市
    智能型防洪减灾决策支持系统的理论和方法,并对系统中的有些问题
    进行了深入细致的研究。其主要研究内容和成果如下:
    1.针对城市防洪减灾决策时间的紧迫性和决策所需信息的不完
    全性及不确定性等特点,在防洪减灾 DSS 基础上利用人工智能中的专
    家系统、人工神经网络和地理信息系统设计出城市智能型防洪减灾决
    策支持系统的理论框架。
     2. 分析了城市洪水灾害系统中承灾体、致灾因子和孕灾环境之
    间的作用,针对城市洪水灾害形成的复杂性,对城市洪水灾害的成因
    机理进行了深入的、全面的分析和研究,得出结论:气候因子的年际
    变化异常虽然是城市洪水灾害的直接影响因子,但人类的社会经济活
    动对自然环境的改变是造成城市洪水灾害增加的最主要的原因。
    3.提出了基于遗传算法的神经网络洪水流量的预测模型,该模型
    综合遗传算法和神经网络的优点,有效地提高了预测精度和速度,为
    洪水流量预报问题提供了一种新的方法。
    4.提出了基于 GIS 的河道、蓄滞洪区洪水演进可视化仿真技术原
    理与方法,分析了洪水演进可视化模型的建立过程,设计出河道、蓄
    滞洪区洪水演进系统的总体结构及开发模式,并介绍了系统具体功能
    的实现。
     5.对影响城市洪灾损失的因素进行了系统分析,并从城市可持续
    发展的角度对城市洪灾的损失进行分类。提出了城市洪灾各种损失函
    数的概念,并分析了这些函数的性质,建立了各种损失的预测模型。
    6.分析了城市防洪减灾决策方案优化的众多影响因素,在此基础
    上把模糊优选神经网络模型应用到城市防洪减灾方案优化中,并建立
    了城市防洪减灾方案优化模型。
To solve a series of problems confronted in research field of urban
    flood control and disaster reduction of our country, the theories and
    methods of DSS for urban intelligent flood control and disaster reduction
    were discussed by applying the theories and methods of modern
    management science from the viewpoint of system analysis. Meanwhile,
    some problems in the system are studied thoroughly. The main
    achievements are as follows:
     1. In allusion to the characteristics of urban flood control and
    disaster reduction decision, such as urgent decision-making time, the
    imperfection and uncertainty of information needed, the theoretic
    framework of DSS for urban intelligent flood control and disaster
    reduction is designed by using ES, ANN and GIS based on flood control
    and disaster deduction DSS.
     2. The interactions among objects bearing flood disaster,
    inducing-flood factors and inducing-flood environment of urban flood
    disaster system are analyzed. The formation mechanism of urban flood
    disaster is studied and analyzed comprehensively and deeply aiming at
    the complexity of urban flood formation. It can be concluded that the
    cycling and annual variations of climatic factors are the direct factors
    leading to floods, the severe natural environmental deterioration resulting
    from human social-economic activities, however, is the dominating factor
    in urban flood increasing.
     3. A new runoff forecasting model, based on the combination of
    genetic algorithm and neural network, is proposed, which integrate with
    the strongpoint of genetic algorithm and neural network. The accuracy
    and the speed of runoff forecasting are effectively improved that offered a
    new method for solving runoff forecasting problem.
     4. The technical principles and methods of GIS-based flood routing
    dynamic visual simulation for river, storage and detention basins are
    proposed. At the same time, the establishment process of
    three-dimensional visual models is analyzed, and the general framework
    
    
    and development pattern of the flood routing system for river, storage and
    detention basins are designed. In the end the realization of functions of
    the system is also introduced in details.
     5. The effect factors of urban flood loss are analyzed systematically,
    and the urban flood loss is classified from the point of view of urban
    sustainable development. The concepts of different urban flood loss
    functions are proposed, and the character of these functions is analyzed,
    in the end the forecasting models of different flood loss are established.
     6. The factors affecting the decision-making and alternative
    optimum of urban flood control and disaster reduction are analyzed, on
    the basis of this, the model of fuzzy optimum selection and neural
    network is applied in schemes optimization of urban flood-control and
    disaster reduction, and the model of optimum schemes is established.
引文
[1]刘耀林等,城市环境分析,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001,87
    [2]陈述彭、黄绚,洪水灾情遥感监测与评估信息系统,自然科学进展——国家重
     点实验室通讯,1992.1(2)
    [3]Meng Bo,etal. Flood-control automatic management system and
     flood-control decision support in the large city [J]. Proceedings of
     the 5th sino-Japanese International conference on computer Applications,
     1992.367-370
    [4]武靖源等,洪灾经济损失评估模型研究——直接经济损失评估[J],系统工程理
     论与实践,1998,18(11):
    [5]武靖源等,洪灾经济损失评估模型研究——间接经济损失评估[J],系统工程理
     论与实践,1998,18(12):
    [6]Rossi, G. N. Harmancioglu and V. Yevjevich. Coping With Floods, Kluwer
     Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London,1994
    [7]Eddy, J. A. et al.,Global Change in the Geosphere Biosphere. National
     Academy Press, Washington D.C.,1986
    [8]史培军.三论灾害研究的理论与实践.自然灾害学报,2002,(8)
    [9]申曙光.灾害基本成因研究. 自然灾害学报,1994,3(3):90-97
    [10]Wijkman,A.Natural Disaster.Earthscan,Santa Cruz,1984
    [11]史培军.灾害研究的理论与实践,南京大学学报(自然科学版),自然灾害研
     究专辑,1991
    [12]Burton,I,R,W.Katers and G.F.White. The Environment as Hazard Second
     Edition, The Guilford Pree, New York, 1993.
    [13]Turner II, B.L.and W.B.Meyer. Land Use and Land Cover in Global
     Environmental Change:Consideration for Study. International Social
     Science Journal,1991,43:668-679
    [14]马宗晋等.《中国气象洪涝海洋灾害》[M].长沙,湖南人民出版社,1998.9
    [15]章淹.城市可持续发展与灾害防御[M].北京,气象出版社,1998
    [16]金磊.城市灾害学原理[M].北京,气象出版社,1997
    [17]黄梯云.智能决策支持系统.北京,电子工业出版社,2001
    [18]魏一鸣,金菊良.洪水灾害评估体系研究[J],灾害学,l997,12(3):1—5
    [19]陈凤兰,王长新. 施工导流风险分析.水科学进展,1996,12:361-366
    [20]郭增建等,灾害物理学简论,灾害学,1987(2)
     116
    
    
     参考文献
    [21]钱乐祥.灾害系统分类初探. 自然灾害学报,1994,3(3): 98-102
    [22]张建敏,高歌,陈峪.长江流域洪涝气候背景和致灾因子分析.资源科学,2001,
     (5)
    [23]周魁一. 试析洪水灾害增长的社会因素. 自然灾害学报,1994,3(1):25-32
    [24]程晓陶,冯智瑶. 城市化与现代社会中的水害演变. 自然灾害学报,
     1994,4:41-48
    [25]何丰. 从环境地质谈永顺县城洪灾成因与治理.中国岩溶,1998,12:343-350
    [26]吴庆洲. 我国 21 世纪城市水灾风险及减灾对策.灾害学,1998,13(2):89-93
    [27]吴庆洲. 我国防御洪涝灾害的综合体系及减灾对策. 灾害学,1992,7
     (4):23-28
    [28]魏一鸣.洪水灾害评估体系研究. 灾害学,1997,6(4):14-17
    [29]植源茂茨.卫星遥感在防灾领域中的应用——可能与展望.遥感地质,
     1987,3:57
    [30]范心圻.空间遥感技术在自然灾害研究中的应用.1988,3(4):70-74)
    [31]Hussly W T. The Economic Benefits of Operational Environmental
     Satellites. NHSDIS,NOAA.1983
    [32]曹述互.遥感技术在防洪中的应用.水文.1983(4):25
    [33]曹述互等.应用气象卫星图像监测辽河洪水.遥感信息.1987(3):42
    [34]中国水利年鉴编辑委员会.中国水利年鉴(1990).北京:水利电力出版社,
     1991:1-723
    [35]曹述互.黄河防洪遥感应用试验简介.国土资源遥感.1989,1(2):58-64
    [36]Sujit Dasand Russell Lee.A Nontraditional Methodology for Flood Stage
     —damage calculation[M].Water Resources Bulletin,1988,No.6
    [37]T.C.Hannan and I.C.Goalter. Model for Crop Allocation in Rural
     Floodplains. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 1986,
     114(1):1-19
    [38]冯平.水库下游洪灾淹没损失的估算.灾害学,1995,10(1):5-8
    [39]金菊良.基于遗传算法的神经网络及其在洪水灾害承灾体易损性建模中的应
     用.自然灾害学报,1998,7(2):53-60
    [40]武靖源.洪灾损失评估及防洪方案多指标综合评价理论与方法研究.天津大学
     研究生毕业论文,1999,3
    [41]周念来,吴泽宁. 水文要素模糊因果聚类预报及其应用. 郑州工业大学学报,
     2000,Vol.21,No.1,58-61
    [42]夏军等. 灰色系统方法在洪水径流预测中的应用研究与展望.水电能源科学,
     117
    
    
     参考文献
     1995,9:197-205
    [43]李致家,孔祥光.河道洪水演算的神经网络模型.河海大学学报,Vol.25,No.5,
     7-12,1997
    [44]苑希民等.基于人工神经网络的多泥沙洪水预报.水科学进展,Vol.10,No.4,
     393-398,1999
    [45]冯利华. 基于神经网络的洪水预报研究. 自然灾害学报,Vol.9,No.2,45-48,
     2000
    [46]Bruce Ellingwood, assessing cost of Dam Failure [J]. Journal of Water
     Resources Planning and Management, 1993,119(1): 64-82
    [47]L.Douglas James and Robert R.Lee. Economics of Water Resources Planning.
     McGraw-hill Book Company,1971
    [48]Sujit Das and Russell Lee,A Nontraditional Methodology for Flood
     Stage-Damage Calculations[J], Water Resources Bulletin, 1998,24(6):
     1263-1272
    [49]Nani G.Bhowmik. Impacts of the 1993 Flood on the Mississippi River in
     Illinois. Hydraulic Engineering 1994,6:13-617
    [50]魏庆朝.灾害损失及灾害等级的确定.灾害学,1996,11(1):1-5
    [51]于庆东.灾害经济损失评估理论与方法探讨. 灾害学,1996,11(2):10-14
    [52]马宗晋.自然灾害损失评估指标体系的研究.自然灾害学报,1993,2(3):1
     -7
    [53]王海滋.地震灾害产生关联间接经济损失评估[J].自然灾害学报, 1998, 7(1):
    40-45
    [54]Zhou chenghu, Flood Hazard Assessment Information System[M]. Beijing:
     China Science and Technology Press, 1993. 58-85
    [55]袁艳斌等,洪水演进模拟仿真系统研制的技术和目标分析[J].水电能源科学,
     2001.9, vol.19.No.3:30-33
    [56]董文锋等,流域三维地形仿真及洪水演进动态模拟[J].水电能源科学,
     2001.9,vol.19.No.3:37-39
    [57]赵荣,陈丙咸,GIS 支持下的曹娥江上游洪泛区洪水演进模型的建立[J].南京
     大学学报,1994.1,vol.30,No.1:145-153
    [58]L. J. Rosenbblum. Research issues in scientific visualization[J]. IEEE
     Computer Graphic and Application, 1994, 14(2): 61-63
    [59]李晓梅等. 科学计算可视化导论[M] .长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1996
    [60]石教英等. 科学计算可视化算法与系统[M] . 北京:科学出版社,1996
     118
    
    
     参考文献
    [61]David T.Ford and Allan Oto. Floodplain-Management Plan Enumeration.
     Journal of Water Resources Planning and
     Management,1988,115(4):472-485
    [62]Mark E.Thompson and Herbert H.Stoevener.Estimating Residential Flood
     Control Benefits Using Implicit Price Equations.Water Resources
     Bulletin,1983,19(6):889-895
    [63]Ralph A.Wurbs.Optimal Sizing of Flood Damage Reduction Measures Based
     on Economic efficiency.Water Resources Development,1996,12(1):5-16
    [64]傅湘等.防洪减灾中的多目标风险决策优化模型.水电能源科
     学,2001,3:36-39
    [65]陈守煜. 防洪调度系统半结构性决策理论与方法. 水利学
     报,2001(11):26-33
    [66]David T.Ford et al, Flood-Warning Decision-Support System for
     Sacramento, California[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and
     Management,2001,7:254-260
    [67]K.Ito et al, Decision-Support System for Surface Water Planning in
     River Basins[J]. Journal of Water Resources Planning and
     Management,2001,7:272-276
    [68]胡四一等.长江防洪决策支持系统总体设计,水科学进展,1996,12:283-294
    [69]余达征等.关于防洪调度智能决策支持系统的分析与设计[J].水文,1999,
     2:18-23
    [70]Avid J. Sample et al. Geographic Information System, Decision Support
     System, and Urban Storm-Water Management. Journal of Water Resources
     Planning and Management, May/June 2001: 155-161
    [71]Jurgen Garbrecht, et al. GIS and distributed watershed models. Ⅰ-Data
     coverages and sources [J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering,
     November/December 2001:506-514
    [72]Fred. L. Ogden, et al. GIS and distributed watershed models. Ⅱ-Modules,
     interfaces, and Models [J]. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering.
     November/December 2001:515-523
    [73]苟建兵,倪维斗. 热动力系统的可视化仿真. 系统仿真学,1997.9(3):73-83
    [74]熊光楞,刘义. 图形技术在系统仿真中的应用. 计算机仿真,1994.3:1-8.
    [75]李德仁等. 地理信息系统导论[M]. 测绘出版社,1993.
    [76]边馥苓.地理信息系统原理和方法[M].北京:测绘出版社,1996.
     119
    
    
     参考文献
    [77]罗志琼等. 地理信息系统原理和方法[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1996.
    [78]顾培亮. 系统分析与协调[M]. 天津大学出版社,1998.10.
    [79]李炜,徐孝平.水力学.武汉:武汉水利电力大学出版社
    [80]李炜,徐孝平. 水利学[M]. 武汉水利电力大学出版社,2000.6
    [81]钟登华,刘东海. 基于GIS的施工导流管理决策支持系统. 水力发电,2001.1:
     56-59
    [82]钟登华,张伟波,宋令广. 可视化面向资源的施工系统模拟建模方法. 天津
     大学学报,1999.11,32(6): 682-686
    [83]陈信雄,森林水文学[M]。千华出版公司,1990:335-340
    [84]A·B·阿瓦强,水灾害的人为因素,自然资源译丛,1990(3)
    [85]何希吾,路京远,从今夏水灾看我国洪涝灾害及其防治对策,科技导报,1991
     (7)
    [86]屠清瑛,太湖流域 1991 年洪涝灾害的成因与治理对策,中国减灾,1991(3)
    [87]张建敏等,长江流域洪涝气候背景和致灾因子分析
    [89]吴智光,关于都市化地区洪水水文效应的分析.贵州水力发电,1989[1]
    [90]David V.Pullar, Margo E.Tidey. Coupling 3D visualisation to
     qualitative assessment of built environment designs. Landscape and
     Urban Planning, 2001. 55: 29-40
    [91]Wood E F. Global scale hydrology: advances in land surface modeling.
     U.S.national report to ITGG,1991.
    [92]吴 晓,人工神经网络在暴雨预报中的应用,智能控制与智能自动化[M]。北
     京,科学出版社,1993. 817—822
    [93]蔡煜东,许伟杰.自组织人工神经网络在鄱阳湖年最高水位长期预报中的应
     用。水文科技信报。 1993, 10(2):27—29
    [94]胡铁松,丁 晶.径流分级预报的人工神经网络方法研究,全国首届水文水
     资源与水环境科学不确定性研究新理论与方法学术讨论会论文集.成都:成
     都科技大学出版社,1994.150-156
    [95]梁化楼等,人工神经网络与遗传算法的结合,进展与展望[J]。电子学报,1995,
     23(10):194-199。
    [96]蔡煜东,用遗传算法拟合电子系统负荷短期预测的非线性模型[J]。数理统计
     与管理,1995,14(2):23-25。
    [97]ASCE. Artificial neural networks in hydrology.1: Preliminary concepts.
     Journal of Hydrological Engineering, ASCE, Vol.5, No.2, 115-123,2000
     120
    
    
     参考文献
    [98]ASCE. Artificial neural networks in hydrology.2: hydrology application.
     Journal of Hydrological Engineering, ASCE, Vol.5, No.2, 124-137,2000
    [99]Govindaraju R S, Rao A R. Artificial neural networks in hydrology.
     Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000
    [100]Lorrai M, Sechi G M. neural nets for modeling rainfall-runoff
     transformations. Water Resources Management, Vol.9, 299-313,1995
    [101]Hsiang-Te Kung,L Yulin, S Malasri.PreciPitation Pattern study using
     artifical neural networks. Proceedings of international sympogium.
     On impact of climatic change global warming on hydrology and water
     resources, China, 1993. 72—82
    [102]M L Zhu, M Fujita, and N, Hashimoto. Application of neural networks
     to runoff prediction.International conference on stochastic and
     statistical methods in hydrology and environmental engineering.
     Ontario. Canada. 1993,205-216
    [103]李荣,李义天.基于神经网络理论的河道水情预报模型.水科学进展,2000,
     12:427-431
    [104]苑希民等.基于人工神经网络的多泥沙洪水预报.水科学进展,Vol.10,No.4,
     393-398,1999
    [105]蔡煜东.径流长期预报的人工神经网络方法.水科学进展,1995,3:61-65
    [106]吴 晓.人工神经网络在暴雨预报中的应用.智能控制与智能自动化.北京,
     科学出版灶,1993.
    [107]胡铁松,丁 晶.径记分级预报的人工神经网络方法研究,全国首届水文水
     资源与水环境科学不确定性研究新理论历方法学术讨论会论文集.成都:成
     都科技大学出版社,1994,150 一 156
    [108]朱晓冬,朱官忠.用人工神经元网络预报鲁西北雷雨冰雹天气.气象,Vol.19,
     No.4,1993
    [109]Goldberg D.E.Genetic Algorithms in search, optimization and machine
     learning[M]. Reading,Addision-Wesley,Mass.,1989
    [110]Yao X.Evolutionary artificial neural networks[J].International
     Journal of Neural System,1993,9(3),203-222
    [111]丁晶,金菊良,杨晓华。基因算法在水科学中的应用.人民长江,V01.30,
     增刊,13~15,1999
    [112]金菊良,丁晶,魏一鸣。基于遗传算法的门限自回归模型在浅层地下水位预
     测中的应用.水利学报,No.6,51—55,1999
     121
    
    
     参考文献
    [113]金菊良,杨晓华,张国桃.非线性环境模型优化的一种数值方法.环境科学
     进展,Vol.5,增刊,1997
    [114]金菊良,杨晓华,刘宇敏.基因算法在 Logistic 曲线参数估计中的应用.农
     业系统科学与综合研究,Vol.13,No.3,1997
    [115]金菊良,杨晓华,张国桃.加速遗传算法及其在环境模型参数估计中的应
     用.上海环境科学,Vol.27,No,4,1998
    [116]魏一鸣,金菊良,周成虎.洪水灾害评估体系研究.灾害学,Vol.12,No.3,
     1997
    [117]杨晓华,金菊良,张国桃.加速遗传算法及其在暴雨强度公式参数优化中的
     应用.自然灾害学报,Vol.7,No.3,71—76,1998
    [118]金菊良,杨晓华,储开凤.加速基因方法在最大流量频率曲线参数估计中的
     应用.四川联合大学学报,Vol.1,No.4,27~33,1997
    [119]杨晓华,金菊良,陈肇升.马斯京根模型参数估计的新方法.灾害学,Vol.13,
     No.3,1—6,1998
    [120]聂相田等,水资源可持续利用管理不确定性分析方法及应用[M]。郑州,黄
     河水利出版社,1999,54-58
     [121]Lange,E. Integration of computerized visual simulation and visual
     assessment in environmental planning. Landscape Urban planning, 1994,
     30: 99-112
    [122]MacEachren,M.A.,Monmonier,M. Geographic visualization: introduction.
     Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 1992,19(4): 197-200
    [123]Bruce Ellingwood, assessing cost of Dam Failure [J]. Journal of Water
     Resources Planning and Management, 1993,119(1): 64-82
    [124]L.Douglas James and Robert R.Lee. Economics of Water Resources
     Planning. McGraw-hill Book Company,1971
    [125]Nani G.Bhowmik. Impacts of the 1993 Flood on the Mississippi River
     in Illinois. Hydraulic Engineering 1994,6:13-617
    [126]魏庆朝.灾害损失及灾害等级的确定.灾害学,1996,11(1):1-5
    [127]于庆东.灾害经济损失评估理论与方法探讨. 灾害学,1996,11(2):
     10-14
    [128]马宗晋.自然灾害损失评估指标体系的研究.自然灾害学报,1993,2(3):
     1-7
    [129]Sujit Dasand Russell Lee.A Nontraditional Methodology for Flood Stage
     —damage calculation[M].Water Resources Bulletin,1988,No.6
     122
    
    
     参考文献
    [130]Smart J.Appelbaum. Determination of Urban Flood Damages. Journal of
     Water Resources Planning and Management,1985,111(3):269-283
    [131]Das S,lee R. A Nontraditional Methedology for Flood Stage-Damage
     Calculation [J]. Water Resources Bulletin, 1988,(6)
    [132]冯平.水库下游洪灾淹没损失的估算.灾害学,1995,10(1):5-8
    [133]冯平等. 城市洪涝灾害直接经济损失的评价与预测,水利学报,2001,8:
     64-68
    [134]王海滋.地震灾害产生关联间接经济损失评估[J].自然灾害学报, 1998,
     7(1): 40-45
    [135]黄渝祥等,灾害间接经济损失的计量,灾害学,1994,9(3):7-11
    [136]苑希民,基于人工神经网络洪水预报与灾害研究,博士后研究工作报告,
     1998.9
    [137]李登峰,陈守煜. 多属性决策问题的模糊神经网络综合决策方法. 系统工程
     理论方法应用,1995,4 (2): 45-52
    [138]聂相田等. 水资源可持续利用管理不确定性分析方法及应用. 郑州:黄河水
     利出版社,1999:105-114
    [139]陈守煜等,模糊优选神经网络模型及应用. 水科学进展, 1999, 10 (1): 1-7
    [140]潘树茂. 防洪非工程措施在防灾减灾中的作用. 东北水利水电,1996,3:
     15-17
    [141]梁志勇等.国外非工程防洪减灾战略研究——减灾措施.自然灾害学报,
     2002,2:52-56
    [142]金菊良.基于遗传算法的洪水灾情评估神经网络模型探讨.灾害学,1998,13
     (2):6-11
    [143]Rumelhart D E, et al. Learning Representations by Back-Propagating
     Errors, Nature, 1986, 323(9): 533-536
    [144]焦李成. 神经网络系统理论. 西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1990:50-60
    [145]钟登华等. 于桥水库汛期入库水量预报神经网络方法. 管理科学学报,1998,
     9: 45-49
    [146]钟登华等. 水文预报时间序列神经网络模型. 水利学报,1995(2):69-74
    [147]陈守煜. 工程模糊集理论与应用. 北京: 国防工业出版社,1998:77-83

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700