基于ARM的智能电针治疗仪的研究与设计
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摘要
针灸是中国的传统医学,其原理是运用银针刺入人体的穴位,以调节人体内各个不协调的部分,使血气流通而重新获得平衡。电针疗法是用电针治疗仪输出接近人体生物电的微量电流,通过毫针作用于人体经络穴位治疗疾病的一种方法。该法采用针刺与电刺激于一体,可根据患者的不同情况调节幅度、频率、时间等刺激量,并能代替手法运针,使针感得以保留,加强了针灸的治疗效果。
本文论述了电针治疗仪在针灸临床的积极作用,指出现有电针治疗仪在使用过程中存在的问题,特别是刺激参数不合理、电压输出不科学、保护措施不到位和难于实现大规模监控等。提供了电针安全性问题的改进对策,比如电流输出、提高电针的智能化水平、增强网络扩展等。
本文进行了大量的市场调研,比较了目前市场上的各类电针治疗仪的特点。鉴于现有的电针治疗仪大都是以8位单片机为控制器且难以满足高智能化和易扩展的现状,本文提出了一款以S3C2440为微处理器和Linux操作系统的电针治疗仪。根据硬件平台和应用的特点,设计了电针治疗仪的硬件电路、驱动程序和应用程序。在硬件方面,以具有ARM920T内核的S3C2440处理器其为核心详细阐述了各个接口电路的设计。硬件电路主要有最小系统电路、外围接口电路和信号调理电路组成。系统通过配置PWM定时器调制出不同参数的脉冲波形,再由信号调理电路实现电流输出；同时在外围电路部分设计了网络接口以便实现大规模监控和治疗。在软件平台的实现部分,首先对VIVI进行了分析并详细描述了VIVI在S3C2440平台上的移植方法；对嵌入式操作系统Linux进行了研究,给出了嵌入式Linux内核移植的具体步骤并在此基础上完成了设备驱动程序的开发；通过编写应用程序完成不同波形的产生与管理；为了增强系统的人机交换性能,系统移植开发了人机界面GUI,可以通过触摸屏和彩色LCD实现灵活、便捷的人机交互。这些为研制智能电针仪、拓展针灸的应用范围进行了有益的尝试。
The acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine, the principle is the use of silver needles penetrate the body's acupuncture points, to adjust the various incompatible part of the body, so that the flow of blood and gas rebalance. Electro-acupuncture needles for the treatment of electricity output is close to the body of the micro-current electricity through needle cents role in the human body meridian points to a way of treating disease. The method used acupuncture and electrical stimulation in one, according to the different conditions in regulation to the amplitude, frequency, time volume, and can replace the manual approach of using silver needle, the pin flu could be retained, thus can increase the effect of certain diseases.
According to the clinical experience,and in the foundation of expound the positive action of the electro-acupuncture in the clinic, this paper point out the potential security hazards of the existing electro-acupuncture, such as stimulation parameters of unreasonable, voltage output of unscientific, protection measures of not strictly, large-scale monitoring is very difficult to realize and so on. Then we raised the issues of improved security measures and the countermeasures of enhance the electro-acupuncture's intelligent level, for instance, make use of current output, improve the intelligence level of electro-acupuncture, enhance the network expansion and so on.
In this paper, we executed a lot of market research and compared the characteristics of all kinds of electric acupuncture apparatus on current market. Owing to The electric acupuncture be provided with statuses that make use of 8 bit MCU as the micro controller and unable to satisfy the features of high intelligence and extension, we put forward a electro-acupuncture instrument based on S3C2440 microprocessor and Linux operating system. According to the characteristics of system and the application, we designed the hardware circuits, device drivers and application programs of the electro-acupuncture. In the hardware field, we designed of each interface circuit with the S3C2440 processor based on ARM920T kernel. The hardware circuit contains the minimum system circuit, the external interface circuit and signal processing circuit. The equipment through the PWM modulation generated the pulse waveform of different parameters and achieve therapeutic wave by signal processing circuit; In addition, we designed the network interface in order to achieve large-scale monitoring and treatment. In software design field, we analyzed VIVI and described in detail the transplant method of VIVI transplanted into S3C2440 platform. We also study the embedded Linux operating system, and given the detailed steps of embedded Linux kernel transplantation. Finish, we composed the device driver development based on Linux operating system. The system produced the different waveform and management by the different application programs. In order to improve system performance, we designed a GUI system, which helps us to achieve the nicer communication between human and the machine by the color LCD and touch serene. These beneficial attempts have been taken on researches of electro-acupuncture instrument and expanding the application fields of acupuncture.
本文论述了电针治疗仪在针灸临床的积极作用,指出现有电针治疗仪在使用过程中存在的问题,特别是刺激参数不合理、电压输出不科学、保护措施不到位和难于实现大规模监控等。提供了电针安全性问题的改进对策,比如电流输出、提高电针的智能化水平、增强网络扩展等。
本文进行了大量的市场调研,比较了目前市场上的各类电针治疗仪的特点。鉴于现有的电针治疗仪大都是以8位单片机为控制器且难以满足高智能化和易扩展的现状,本文提出了一款以S3C2440为微处理器和Linux操作系统的电针治疗仪。根据硬件平台和应用的特点,设计了电针治疗仪的硬件电路、驱动程序和应用程序。在硬件方面,以具有ARM920T内核的S3C2440处理器其为核心详细阐述了各个接口电路的设计。硬件电路主要有最小系统电路、外围接口电路和信号调理电路组成。系统通过配置PWM定时器调制出不同参数的脉冲波形,再由信号调理电路实现电流输出；同时在外围电路部分设计了网络接口以便实现大规模监控和治疗。在软件平台的实现部分,首先对VIVI进行了分析并详细描述了VIVI在S3C2440平台上的移植方法；对嵌入式操作系统Linux进行了研究,给出了嵌入式Linux内核移植的具体步骤并在此基础上完成了设备驱动程序的开发；通过编写应用程序完成不同波形的产生与管理；为了增强系统的人机交换性能,系统移植开发了人机界面GUI,可以通过触摸屏和彩色LCD实现灵活、便捷的人机交互。这些为研制智能电针仪、拓展针灸的应用范围进行了有益的尝试。
The acupuncture is a traditional Chinese medicine, the principle is the use of silver needles penetrate the body's acupuncture points, to adjust the various incompatible part of the body, so that the flow of blood and gas rebalance. Electro-acupuncture needles for the treatment of electricity output is close to the body of the micro-current electricity through needle cents role in the human body meridian points to a way of treating disease. The method used acupuncture and electrical stimulation in one, according to the different conditions in regulation to the amplitude, frequency, time volume, and can replace the manual approach of using silver needle, the pin flu could be retained, thus can increase the effect of certain diseases.
According to the clinical experience,and in the foundation of expound the positive action of the electro-acupuncture in the clinic, this paper point out the potential security hazards of the existing electro-acupuncture, such as stimulation parameters of unreasonable, voltage output of unscientific, protection measures of not strictly, large-scale monitoring is very difficult to realize and so on. Then we raised the issues of improved security measures and the countermeasures of enhance the electro-acupuncture's intelligent level, for instance, make use of current output, improve the intelligence level of electro-acupuncture, enhance the network expansion and so on.
In this paper, we executed a lot of market research and compared the characteristics of all kinds of electric acupuncture apparatus on current market. Owing to The electric acupuncture be provided with statuses that make use of 8 bit MCU as the micro controller and unable to satisfy the features of high intelligence and extension, we put forward a electro-acupuncture instrument based on S3C2440 microprocessor and Linux operating system. According to the characteristics of system and the application, we designed the hardware circuits, device drivers and application programs of the electro-acupuncture. In the hardware field, we designed of each interface circuit with the S3C2440 processor based on ARM920T kernel. The hardware circuit contains the minimum system circuit, the external interface circuit and signal processing circuit. The equipment through the PWM modulation generated the pulse waveform of different parameters and achieve therapeutic wave by signal processing circuit; In addition, we designed the network interface in order to achieve large-scale monitoring and treatment. In software design field, we analyzed VIVI and described in detail the transplant method of VIVI transplanted into S3C2440 platform. We also study the embedded Linux operating system, and given the detailed steps of embedded Linux kernel transplantation. Finish, we composed the device driver development based on Linux operating system. The system produced the different waveform and management by the different application programs. In order to improve system performance, we designed a GUI system, which helps us to achieve the nicer communication between human and the machine by the color LCD and touch serene. These beneficial attempts have been taken on researches of electro-acupuncture instrument and expanding the application fields of acupuncture.
引文
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[3]邱毅凌.现代嵌入式系统开发实务专案[M],北京：电子工业出版社,2009
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[6]任哲编.嵌入式实时操作系统UC/OS-Ⅱ原理及应用[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2008
[7]谢希仁.计算机网络[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[8]张绮文,解书钢.ARM嵌入式常用模块与综合系统设计实例精讲[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2008
[9]SAMSUNG Limited.S3C2440A Data Sheet.http://www.samsung.com.
[10]温木生.电针疗法治百病[M],北京：人民军医出版社,2005：20-21；305
[11]杨育霞,雍明超.电针治疗仪安全性问题及对策[J].中国针灸,2009,29(4)：339-341
[12]王宏伟.走出国门的针灸[J].科技视野.2005,4(2),23～24
[13]李新民.电子模拟针灸仪的设计[J].医药产业资讯.2005,2(21),13～17
[14]郭义.不同频率电针对周围神经再生与修复影响的临床与实验研究[J].天津中医药大学学报.2006,3
[15]Mukherjee, M; McPeak, LK; Redford, JB, et al. The effect of electro-acupuncture on spasticity of the wrist joint in chronic stroke survivors[J]. ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION Volume:88 Issue:2 Pages:159-166 Published: FEB 2007
[16]邓亲恺.现代医学仪器设计原理[M].北京：科学出版社.2004.
[17]边永生,王亚盛,李惠军.经络动态电阻检测取样电路的噪声分析[J].信息技术与信息化,2007(2)：121-123
[18]北京中北创新科技发展有限公司.静电测量与防护技术讲座之人体带电模型[R].新技术与新工艺,2001(11)
[19]毛晓波,蔡宗慜,陈铁军.嵌入式运动目标跟踪系统设计[J].电子技术应用,2009,35(6)：57-58
[20]http://www.51mfw.com/Articles/View/67592bfc52a946ecbe59fc2a27b85ead.html
[21]马舜尧.电刺激经络导通法及刺激装置的研究[D].[硕士学位论文].天津：天津大学,2003：6-7；15-18
[22]房娟芝,江赛男,牛汉璋,穴位刺激引起的背根反射电位[J],西安医科大学学报,1999,20(2)：150～154
[23]http://210.75.207.93:8931/zjg/zjlcyky/zjdxdyj/jldxdyj/74670.shtml
[24]E.T.McAdams,J.Jossinet.Problems in equivalent circuit modeling of the electrical properties of biological tissues.Bioelectrichemistry and Bioenergetics.1996,40:147～152
[25]聂能,尧德中,谢正祥.生物医学信号数字处理技术及应用[M].北京：科学出版社.2005.
[26]池笑雨.电针治疗实用手册[M].北京：北京航空航天大学出版社.1991
[27]王登科.基于ARM的便携式生物电疗仪[D].[硕士学位论文].西安：西北工业大学,2007：25-27
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