明清家具装饰纹样对比性研究
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摘要
我国家具艺术历史悠久,有文字可考和形象可证的已经有三千多年。随着人们起居形式的变化和历代匠师们手工艺的逐步改进,发展成为高度科学性、艺术性以及实用性的优秀生活工具。明式家具装饰在继承了宋代家具装饰特点的基础上推陈出新,发展出许多的家具种类,而且造型更加劲挺,结构更加合理,装饰纹样更加精美细致,纹样在家具中主要起点缀作用,而这些点缀作用的纹饰与家具装饰形成了和谐统一又对比变化的整体,同时又受到道家思想观念、风俗习惯、以及当时特殊的审美情趣等因素的影响,逐渐形成了庄重肃穆、清秀淡雅、自然质朴以及内敛含蓄的明式家具装饰风格。随着时代变迁,明朝逐渐被消亡,清朝迎来了几个阶段的鼎盛时期,又因为西方文化的引进,使得家具上的装饰纹样逐渐的丰富起来,较明式家具的装饰纹样多了西番莲纹等纹饰,同时发展出除了雕饰之外的更加丰富的加工工艺,如镶嵌、彩绘等,并且纹饰也比明式家具更加的写实,又受儒家思想、佛教等的影响,使清式家具装饰纹样一改前朝风格,变肃穆为流畅,化简洁为华贵,出现了稳重、奢华的清式家具。
明清家具的装饰纹样中,反映出当时人类的生活信息、风俗习惯、文化特征等重要信息,具有浑厚的历史文化价值,而纹饰作为鉴定和欣赏家具的重要组成部分,也体现出了它高度的艺术欣赏价值。明清家具装饰纹样题材丰富、加工工艺精湛并且蕴含着深厚的文化意蕴,在世界家具发展史上占有重要的地位。
Art has a long history of furniture, with text and images can be certified test has three thousand years. As people living in the form of the ancient craftsmen change and the gradual improvement of arts and crafts, the development of a highly scientific, artistic and practical tools for quality of life. Ming-style furniture, decorative furniture in the inherited characteristics of the Song Dynasty on the basis of innovation, the development of many types of furniture, and very fresh style more, the structure is more reasonable, more beautifully detailed decorative patterns, and the role of these decorative furniture decoration and the formation of Changes in harmony and contrast of the whole, at the same time by the Taoist ideas, customs, and then the special factors such as aesthetic taste, and gradually formed a solemn, graceful and elegant, natural and simple and subtle restrained style of the Ming-style furniture . As times changed, the Ming Dynasty gradually die out, the Qing dynasty ushered in the heyday of several stages, and because the introduction of Western culture, making furniture, decorative patterns on the gradually enriched, more decorative patterns of Ming furniture and more Passion fruit and other decoration pattern, while developing a more abundant than in addition to carving the processing technology, such as mosaic, painting, etc., and the decoration of Ming furniture is more than realistic, but also influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, etc., making the clear Style furniture, decorative patterns changed the former style, variable silence is smooth, of compact to luxury, there has been steady, luxury Qing style furniture.
In the Ming and Qing furniture, decorative patterns, reflecting a lot of information at people's lives, customs, cultural features and other important information, with a vigorous historical and cultural value, identification and appreciation of furniture decoration as an important component, but also reflects the It is a high value of art appreciation. Ming and Qing furniture, decorative patterns rich subject matter, processing technology skills, and contains deep cultural meaning, the history of furniture in the world, occupies an important position.
明清家具的装饰纹样中,反映出当时人类的生活信息、风俗习惯、文化特征等重要信息,具有浑厚的历史文化价值,而纹饰作为鉴定和欣赏家具的重要组成部分,也体现出了它高度的艺术欣赏价值。明清家具装饰纹样题材丰富、加工工艺精湛并且蕴含着深厚的文化意蕴,在世界家具发展史上占有重要的地位。
Art has a long history of furniture, with text and images can be certified test has three thousand years. As people living in the form of the ancient craftsmen change and the gradual improvement of arts and crafts, the development of a highly scientific, artistic and practical tools for quality of life. Ming-style furniture, decorative furniture in the inherited characteristics of the Song Dynasty on the basis of innovation, the development of many types of furniture, and very fresh style more, the structure is more reasonable, more beautifully detailed decorative patterns, and the role of these decorative furniture decoration and the formation of Changes in harmony and contrast of the whole, at the same time by the Taoist ideas, customs, and then the special factors such as aesthetic taste, and gradually formed a solemn, graceful and elegant, natural and simple and subtle restrained style of the Ming-style furniture . As times changed, the Ming Dynasty gradually die out, the Qing dynasty ushered in the heyday of several stages, and because the introduction of Western culture, making furniture, decorative patterns on the gradually enriched, more decorative patterns of Ming furniture and more Passion fruit and other decoration pattern, while developing a more abundant than in addition to carving the processing technology, such as mosaic, painting, etc., and the decoration of Ming furniture is more than realistic, but also influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, etc., making the clear Style furniture, decorative patterns changed the former style, variable silence is smooth, of compact to luxury, there has been steady, luxury Qing style furniture.
In the Ming and Qing furniture, decorative patterns, reflecting a lot of information at people's lives, customs, cultural features and other important information, with a vigorous historical and cultural value, identification and appreciation of furniture decoration as an important component, but also reflects the It is a high value of art appreciation. Ming and Qing furniture, decorative patterns rich subject matter, processing technology skills, and contains deep cultural meaning, the history of furniture in the world, occupies an important position.
引文
1《中国古代家具鉴定实例》刘文哲著北京:华龄出版社2010.1
2《明式家具研究》王世襄著红果建筑工业出版社2010.3
3《古典家具鉴定》胡德生、宋永吉著长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司2010.5
4《中国传统家具上的云纹》余肖红、刘畅、王丽著《家具与室内装饰》2007年第1期
5《中国历代几何纹饰艺术》郑军、华慧著人民美术出版社2008
6《佛教的精神与特色》林世敏天华出版社1998.
7《艺术哲学》刘继刚武汉大学出版社2006.10
8《紫檀鉴赏宝典》曹喆著上海科技大学出版社2008.4
10《文艺心理学》童庆炳、程正民著北京:高等教育出版社2001
11《古典家具装饰图案》余肖红、李江晓编著中国建筑工业出版社2007.10
12《中国古典家具收藏鉴赏500问》张加勉著中国轻工业出版社2009.5
14《中国古典家具300问》史树青著吉林出版集团有限责任公司2007.1
15《明式家具雕刻艺术》王念祥著北京工业美术出版社2001.6
16《中国历代云纹纹饰艺术》徐丽慧著人民美术出版社2010.1
17《中国古代吉祥图案》徐康铭著湖南美术出版社2008.1
18《鉴赏如意》罗文华著天津人民美术出版社2005.5
22《传统家具与传统观念》胡德生著《家具》2003.1
25《古典家具装饰图案》余肖红、李江晓著中国建筑工业出版社2007.10
26《明式家具雕刻艺术》王念祥著北京工艺美术出版社2001.6
27《紫檀鉴赏宝典》曹喆著伤害科学技术出版社2008.4
28《凝重华丽的清式家具》徐长玉、谢丽华著《中国家具》2004年第3期
29《中国家具鉴定与欣赏》胡文彦著上海古籍出版社1997.5
[1]《中国传统纹样图鉴》古月著东方出版社2010.1
[2]《大明境界》邱志涛著湖南人民出版社2008.10
[3]《中国古代家具鉴定实例》刘文哲著北京:华龄出版社2010.1
[4]《明式家具研究》王世襄著红果建筑工业出版社2010.3
[5]《古典家具鉴定》胡德生、宋永吉著长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司2010.5
[6]《紫檀鉴赏宝典》曹喆著上海科学技术出版社2008.4
[7]《中国传统家具上的云纹》余肖红、刘畅、王丽著《家具与室内装饰》2007年第1期
[8]《明式家具雕刻艺术》王念祥著北京工艺美术出版社2001.6
[9]《中国历代几何纹饰艺术》郑军、华慧著人民美术出版社2008
[10]《艺术哲学》刘继刚武汉大学出版社2006.10
[11]《文艺心理学》童庆炳、程正民著北京:高等教育出版社2001
[12]《古典家具装饰图案》余肖红、李江晓编著中国建筑工业出版社2007.10
[13]中国古典家具收藏鉴赏500问》张加勉著中国轻工业出版社2009.5
[14]《中国古典家具300问》史树青著吉林出版集团有限责任公司2007.1
[15]《中国历代云纹纹饰艺术》徐丽慧著人民美术出版社2010.1
[16]《中国古代吉祥图案》徐康铭著湖南美术出版社2008.1
[17]《鉴赏如意》罗文华著天津人民美术出版社2005.5
[18]《龙凤图案的应用和发展》沈从文著《装饰》1985年第1期
[19]《字说》曹锦炎、张宗祥著福建人民出版社2005.1
[20]《中国传统纹样与现代装饰艺术设计》李娜著百花文艺出版社2011.1
[21]《中国审美文化》易存国著上海人民出版社2001.1
[22]《中国吉祥纹样图典》刘秋霖、刘健、王亚新、关琪、牛燕百花文艺出版社2004.7
[23]《中国纹样》吴良忠著伤害远东出版社2009.10
[24]《传统家具与传统观念》胡德生著《家具》2003.1
[25]《中国家具鉴定与欣赏》胡文彦著上海古籍出版社1997.5
[26]《清代家具装饰纹样》胡德生著《家具与环境》1994年1期
[27]《佛教的精神与特色》林世敏天华出版社1998
[28]《凝重华丽的清式家具》徐长玉、谢丽华著《中国家具》2004年第3期
[29]百度百科民俗文化
2《明式家具研究》王世襄著红果建筑工业出版社2010.3
3《古典家具鉴定》胡德生、宋永吉著长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司2010.5
4《中国传统家具上的云纹》余肖红、刘畅、王丽著《家具与室内装饰》2007年第1期
5《中国历代几何纹饰艺术》郑军、华慧著人民美术出版社2008
6《佛教的精神与特色》林世敏天华出版社1998.
7《艺术哲学》刘继刚武汉大学出版社2006.10
8《紫檀鉴赏宝典》曹喆著上海科技大学出版社2008.4
10《文艺心理学》童庆炳、程正民著北京:高等教育出版社2001
11《古典家具装饰图案》余肖红、李江晓编著中国建筑工业出版社2007.10
12《中国古典家具收藏鉴赏500问》张加勉著中国轻工业出版社2009.5
14《中国古典家具300问》史树青著吉林出版集团有限责任公司2007.1
15《明式家具雕刻艺术》王念祥著北京工业美术出版社2001.6
16《中国历代云纹纹饰艺术》徐丽慧著人民美术出版社2010.1
17《中国古代吉祥图案》徐康铭著湖南美术出版社2008.1
18《鉴赏如意》罗文华著天津人民美术出版社2005.5
22《传统家具与传统观念》胡德生著《家具》2003.1
25《古典家具装饰图案》余肖红、李江晓著中国建筑工业出版社2007.10
26《明式家具雕刻艺术》王念祥著北京工艺美术出版社2001.6
27《紫檀鉴赏宝典》曹喆著伤害科学技术出版社2008.4
28《凝重华丽的清式家具》徐长玉、谢丽华著《中国家具》2004年第3期
29《中国家具鉴定与欣赏》胡文彦著上海古籍出版社1997.5
[1]《中国传统纹样图鉴》古月著东方出版社2010.1
[2]《大明境界》邱志涛著湖南人民出版社2008.10
[3]《中国古代家具鉴定实例》刘文哲著北京:华龄出版社2010.1
[4]《明式家具研究》王世襄著红果建筑工业出版社2010.3
[5]《古典家具鉴定》胡德生、宋永吉著长春:吉林出版集团有限责任公司2010.5
[6]《紫檀鉴赏宝典》曹喆著上海科学技术出版社2008.4
[7]《中国传统家具上的云纹》余肖红、刘畅、王丽著《家具与室内装饰》2007年第1期
[8]《明式家具雕刻艺术》王念祥著北京工艺美术出版社2001.6
[9]《中国历代几何纹饰艺术》郑军、华慧著人民美术出版社2008
[10]《艺术哲学》刘继刚武汉大学出版社2006.10
[11]《文艺心理学》童庆炳、程正民著北京:高等教育出版社2001
[12]《古典家具装饰图案》余肖红、李江晓编著中国建筑工业出版社2007.10
[13]中国古典家具收藏鉴赏500问》张加勉著中国轻工业出版社2009.5
[14]《中国古典家具300问》史树青著吉林出版集团有限责任公司2007.1
[15]《中国历代云纹纹饰艺术》徐丽慧著人民美术出版社2010.1
[16]《中国古代吉祥图案》徐康铭著湖南美术出版社2008.1
[17]《鉴赏如意》罗文华著天津人民美术出版社2005.5
[18]《龙凤图案的应用和发展》沈从文著《装饰》1985年第1期
[19]《字说》曹锦炎、张宗祥著福建人民出版社2005.1
[20]《中国传统纹样与现代装饰艺术设计》李娜著百花文艺出版社2011.1
[21]《中国审美文化》易存国著上海人民出版社2001.1
[22]《中国吉祥纹样图典》刘秋霖、刘健、王亚新、关琪、牛燕百花文艺出版社2004.7
[23]《中国纹样》吴良忠著伤害远东出版社2009.10
[24]《传统家具与传统观念》胡德生著《家具》2003.1
[25]《中国家具鉴定与欣赏》胡文彦著上海古籍出版社1997.5
[26]《清代家具装饰纹样》胡德生著《家具与环境》1994年1期
[27]《佛教的精神与特色》林世敏天华出版社1998
[28]《凝重华丽的清式家具》徐长玉、谢丽华著《中国家具》2004年第3期
[29]百度百科民俗文化