“模型-视图-控制器”体系结构视景仿真系统的设计与应用
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摘要
随着视景仿真的发展，视景仿真表现技术及其引擎的开发步入新的阶段——合成化仿真。如果合成化视景仿真系统具有良好的体系结构，只需修改其部分内容就可以进行移植。从而，研究可重用、可移植的合成化视景仿真系统的体系结构是当前视景仿真研究的重点之一。正是基于此，本文开展了下面的研究工作。
首先，本文介绍了视景仿真表现技术的发展过程和研究内容，分析了开发独立的视景仿真的意义，阐述本课题的立题背景。提出“合成化视景仿真”软件系统，建立了“模型-视图-控制器”(简称MVC)体系结构，概述视景仿真引擎在该视景仿真软件体系结构中的地位。随后，本文阐述了“合成化视景仿真”软件系统的MVC体系结构，对该体系结构的各个组成部分进行了深入的研究，说明相应的实现技术，特别对视景仿真的引擎系统进行了全新的划分，深入分析引擎各子系统的功能。并进一步说明“合成化视景仿真”系统引擎的场景管理方法。
其次，用Microsoft DirectX8．1~(?)的组件实现了“合成化视景仿真”软件系统及其体系结构，重点研究了视景仿真引擎的实现方案。特别是，针对各种图形显示特效，本文给出了Direct3D的实现方法。并提出了视景仿真系统的运行框架DXFrame，该运行框架集成了图形、声音和其它功能。
再次，将“合成化视景仿真”系统及其引擎应用到实际中，开发飞行实时仿真系统。在飞行实时仿真系统中，对于九架典型飞机，用面向对象的方法建立了飞机的实体模型；并用3DMAX3．1~(?)和MultiGen Creator2．5~(?)等建模软件建立了相应的三维表现模型；模拟了飞机的主要系统：飞行系统、视景系统、仪表系统和音响系统。随后，将“合成化视景仿真”系统及其引擎移植到天基综合信息网合成化视景仿真系统中。天基综合信息网合成化视景仿真系统逼真地表现整个天基仿真环境，以及各种卫星的运行状态，以最为直观的方式，为天基综合信息网的改进提供依据。
最后，本文对合成化视景仿真表现技术进行总结，并展望了合成化视景仿真的发展前景。在论文中，对视景仿真及其引擎做了一些大胆的构想，并编程实现了部分构想。在充分考虑移植性和扩展性基础上，用面向对象的方法，提高视景仿真系统的柔性。
With the development of scene simulation technology, the development of its representation and engine is stepping into the new stage-synthetic simulation. If the architecture of the synthetic simulation system is very intellective, a few ports of it are modified when transplanted. Thereby it is a reasonable and effective research to study the reusable and transplantable simulation's architecture. The research addressed in this thesis represents a step towards ameliorating this situation.
Firstly, in the thesis, it is introduced the representing technology and research contents of scene simulation, and the importance of development is analyzed, so this project's background is expatiated. In this thesis, scene simulation software architecture is put forward, and then the architecture of "Model-View-Controller", for thort that is MVC, is established, the status of simulation engine is summarized. In the following, it is expounded the studying actuality, and then the "MVC" architechure is maken out. One by one, the component of the architecture is thoroughly studed, the realizing mothod is explained, especially, the scene simulation engine is brain-new measured off, the ruction of parts is analyzed. And the scene graph of engine is deeply narrated.
Secondly, the synthetic scene simulation system and its architechture is programmed by Microsoft DirectX8.1COM components. Especially, aiming at all kinds of graphic representing special effects, the thesis gives the actual realized arithmetic method in Direct3D, and bring forward the scene simulation running frame "DXFrame". In the frame, the graphic, sound and other functionality are all integrated.
Thirdly, the synthetic scene simulaiotn is transplanted from theory into practice, the flight real-time simulation system is realized with the help of it. hi the flight real-time simulation system, nine fights are designed with the object-oriented mothod, and the representing model of aircraft is set up by use of the 3DMAX3.1 and MultiGen Creator2.5 tools. The flight's atmospheric dynamic characteristics is considered, the aircraft is modeled as a combination of objects. Most compositions, such as scene system, flight system, flight's sound and control surface are all simulated. In the following, with its engine the idea and realizing methods of synthetic scene simulation are transfered, the air-based synthetic information network system is puted on. The air-based synthetic information network simulation system realistically represents the whole air-base network's situation, and all kinds of satellite's running topsy-turvydom. In the most intuitionistically way, the better information is supported for the air-based synthetic network system.
At the end, in this thesis, the total representing technologic method in scene simulation is summed up, and the evolutional prospect is exposed. In this thesis, many hypotheses are formed,
and then some are programly realized. With respect to the transplantation and expansibility, the
flexibility of simulation engine is enhanced using the object-oriented methods.
首先，本文介绍了视景仿真表现技术的发展过程和研究内容，分析了开发独立的视景仿真的意义，阐述本课题的立题背景。提出“合成化视景仿真”软件系统，建立了“模型-视图-控制器”(简称MVC)体系结构，概述视景仿真引擎在该视景仿真软件体系结构中的地位。随后，本文阐述了“合成化视景仿真”软件系统的MVC体系结构，对该体系结构的各个组成部分进行了深入的研究，说明相应的实现技术，特别对视景仿真的引擎系统进行了全新的划分，深入分析引擎各子系统的功能。并进一步说明“合成化视景仿真”系统引擎的场景管理方法。
其次，用Microsoft DirectX8．1~(?)的组件实现了“合成化视景仿真”软件系统及其体系结构，重点研究了视景仿真引擎的实现方案。特别是，针对各种图形显示特效，本文给出了Direct3D的实现方法。并提出了视景仿真系统的运行框架DXFrame，该运行框架集成了图形、声音和其它功能。
再次，将“合成化视景仿真”系统及其引擎应用到实际中，开发飞行实时仿真系统。在飞行实时仿真系统中，对于九架典型飞机，用面向对象的方法建立了飞机的实体模型；并用3DMAX3．1~(?)和MultiGen Creator2．5~(?)等建模软件建立了相应的三维表现模型；模拟了飞机的主要系统：飞行系统、视景系统、仪表系统和音响系统。随后，将“合成化视景仿真”系统及其引擎移植到天基综合信息网合成化视景仿真系统中。天基综合信息网合成化视景仿真系统逼真地表现整个天基仿真环境，以及各种卫星的运行状态，以最为直观的方式，为天基综合信息网的改进提供依据。
最后，本文对合成化视景仿真表现技术进行总结，并展望了合成化视景仿真的发展前景。在论文中，对视景仿真及其引擎做了一些大胆的构想，并编程实现了部分构想。在充分考虑移植性和扩展性基础上，用面向对象的方法，提高视景仿真系统的柔性。
With the development of scene simulation technology, the development of its representation and engine is stepping into the new stage-synthetic simulation. If the architecture of the synthetic simulation system is very intellective, a few ports of it are modified when transplanted. Thereby it is a reasonable and effective research to study the reusable and transplantable simulation's architecture. The research addressed in this thesis represents a step towards ameliorating this situation.
Firstly, in the thesis, it is introduced the representing technology and research contents of scene simulation, and the importance of development is analyzed, so this project's background is expatiated. In this thesis, scene simulation software architecture is put forward, and then the architecture of "Model-View-Controller", for thort that is MVC, is established, the status of simulation engine is summarized. In the following, it is expounded the studying actuality, and then the "MVC" architechure is maken out. One by one, the component of the architecture is thoroughly studed, the realizing mothod is explained, especially, the scene simulation engine is brain-new measured off, the ruction of parts is analyzed. And the scene graph of engine is deeply narrated.
Secondly, the synthetic scene simulation system and its architechture is programmed by Microsoft DirectX8.1COM components. Especially, aiming at all kinds of graphic representing special effects, the thesis gives the actual realized arithmetic method in Direct3D, and bring forward the scene simulation running frame "DXFrame". In the frame, the graphic, sound and other functionality are all integrated.
Thirdly, the synthetic scene simulaiotn is transplanted from theory into practice, the flight real-time simulation system is realized with the help of it. hi the flight real-time simulation system, nine fights are designed with the object-oriented mothod, and the representing model of aircraft is set up by use of the 3DMAX3.1 and MultiGen Creator2.5 tools. The flight's atmospheric dynamic characteristics is considered, the aircraft is modeled as a combination of objects. Most compositions, such as scene system, flight system, flight's sound and control surface are all simulated. In the following, with its engine the idea and realizing methods of synthetic scene simulation are transfered, the air-based synthetic information network system is puted on. The air-based synthetic information network simulation system realistically represents the whole air-base network's situation, and all kinds of satellite's running topsy-turvydom. In the most intuitionistically way, the better information is supported for the air-based synthetic network system.
At the end, in this thesis, the total representing technologic method in scene simulation is summed up, and the evolutional prospect is exposed. In this thesis, many hypotheses are formed,
and then some are programly realized. With respect to the transplantation and expansibility, the
flexibility of simulation engine is enhanced using the object-oriented methods.
引文
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[2] Larry Willis. Overview of the Advanced Simulation Technology Thrust (ASTT) Program. IEEE Computer Generated Forces, December 2000
[3] 程志全，金士尧．军事仿真的现状和技术概述．长沙：国防科技大学首届研究生学术活动周论文集，2001
[4] Luke Hodorowicz. Elements Of A Game Engine. Daily Game DevelopmentNews, March 2001
[5] 林新，王江云，王行仁，彭晓源．基于 HLA 的计算机生成兵力研究．系统仿真学报，2000，12(5)
[6] 庞国峰，郝爱民，梁晓辉．计算机生成兵力系统自治实体行为描述原语．系统仿真学报，2000，12(4)
[7] 庞国峰，陈国军．DVENET 中计算机生成兵力的初步实现．计算机研究与发展，1998，35(12)：1084～1088
[8] J. Gratch and R. Hill. Continuous planning and collaboration for command and control in joint synthetic battlespaces. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando FL, May 1999:253～261
[9] Victor J. Jimenez. The JSIMS Modeling and Simulation Resource Repository: An Application of HALO. Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, 2002
[10] A. Stent, J. Dowding, J. M. Gawron, E. Owen Bratt, and R. Moore. The commandtalk spoken-dialogue system. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, College Park, Maryland, 1999
[11] 金士尧，党岗，凌云翔，王召福，刘晓建．银河高性能分布仿真系统的设计与实现．计算机研究与发展，2001．38(4)．458～466
[12] 程志全．使用 DirectX Graphics．中国游戏开发论坛 DirectX 版
[13] 李伯虎，王行仁，黄柯棣，熊新平，柴旭东，卿杜政．综合仿真系统研究．系统仿真学报，2000，12(5)
[14] 赵沁平．作真时真亦假——赵沁平教授谈虚拟现实技术的应用前景．微电脑世界周刊，2000．23
[15] 吴家铸，党岗，刘华峰，程志全等．视景仿真技术及应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
[16] 郝江波，卿杜政，欧阳伶俐，宋星．基于 HLA 的分布交互仿真应用系统开发研究．系统仿真学报，2000，12(5)
[17] Dr. Dale D. Miller. Dynamic Terrain in the Environment Federation. Proc.
Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 1999
[18] D. Bakeman et al. Dynamic Terrain: From Run-Time Modifications to Pre-Exercise Tailoring. Proc. Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 1999
[19] DMSO, High Level Architecture Rules, Interface Specification, Object Model Templates: Version 1.0, August 15 1996. http://www.dmso.mil
[20] M ichael. Capps, Don Brutzman. NPSNET-V: A New Beginning for Dynamically Extensible Virtual Environments. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, April 25 2000
[21] Miller, J. Nair, R. Zhang, Z. and Zhao, H. JSIM: A Java-Based Simulation and Animation Environment. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Simulation Symposium. Atlanta, GA.pp.31-42
[22] 康凤举．现代仿真技术与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2001
[23] Andre Lamothe. Tricks of the Windows Game Programming Gums. Sams Edition, 1999
[24] 王维平．面向对象的多媒体仿真方法研究：[博士学位论文]．长沙：国防科技大学数学系，1998
[25] DirectX8.1 SDK 帮助文档 directx8_c
[26] http://www.gamedev.net/reference/
[27] James Cermer, Joseph Keamey and Hyeongseok Ko, Simulation and scenario support for virtual envionment, Computer & Graphic, 1996, 20(2): 199-206
[28] 前导工作室译．图形程序开发人员指南．机械工业出版社，1998
[29] 张磊．3D STUDIO MAX 新起点--3．0 实用教程．机械工业出版社，2000
[30] 实时三维视景仿真驱动软件 Vega 产品介绍．华力同创科技有限公司，2002
[31] http://msdn.microsoft.com/community/directx.asp
[32] 王召福．HLA 邦元范型框架设计及其关键技术研究：[博士学位论文]．长沙：国防科技大学计算机学院，2002
[33] 凌云翔．基于 HLA/RTI 分布交互仿真系统的体系结构及其时间管理的研究与实现：[博士学位论文]．长沙：国防科技大学计算机学院，1999
[34] 史扬．新一代仿真技术框架 HLA/RTI 中数据过滤技术的研究及实现：[博士学位论文]．长沙：国防科技大学计算机学院，1999
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[43] http://www.gameres.corn/(中国游戏开发技术资源网)
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[58] http://www.sisostds.org/
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[60] 程志全．天基综合信息网可视化仿真预先研究与实现[本科毕业论文]．长沙：国防科技大学计算机学院，2000
[61] http://www.stk.corn/(Creators of Satellite Tool Kits)
[2] Larry Willis. Overview of the Advanced Simulation Technology Thrust (ASTT) Program. IEEE Computer Generated Forces, December 2000
[3] 程志全，金士尧．军事仿真的现状和技术概述．长沙：国防科技大学首届研究生学术活动周论文集，2001
[4] Luke Hodorowicz. Elements Of A Game Engine. Daily Game DevelopmentNews, March 2001
[5] 林新，王江云，王行仁，彭晓源．基于 HLA 的计算机生成兵力研究．系统仿真学报，2000，12(5)
[6] 庞国峰，郝爱民，梁晓辉．计算机生成兵力系统自治实体行为描述原语．系统仿真学报，2000，12(4)
[7] 庞国峰，陈国军．DVENET 中计算机生成兵力的初步实现．计算机研究与发展，1998，35(12)：1084～1088
[8] J. Gratch and R. Hill. Continuous planning and collaboration for command and control in joint synthetic battlespaces. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, Orlando FL, May 1999:253～261
[9] Victor J. Jimenez. The JSIMS Modeling and Simulation Resource Repository: An Application of HALO. Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representation, 2002
[10] A. Stent, J. Dowding, J. M. Gawron, E. Owen Bratt, and R. Moore. The commandtalk spoken-dialogue system. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, College Park, Maryland, 1999
[11] 金士尧，党岗，凌云翔，王召福，刘晓建．银河高性能分布仿真系统的设计与实现．计算机研究与发展，2001．38(4)．458～466
[12] 程志全．使用 DirectX Graphics．中国游戏开发论坛 DirectX 版
[13] 李伯虎，王行仁，黄柯棣，熊新平，柴旭东，卿杜政．综合仿真系统研究．系统仿真学报，2000，12(5)
[14] 赵沁平．作真时真亦假——赵沁平教授谈虚拟现实技术的应用前景．微电脑世界周刊，2000．23
[15] 吴家铸，党岗，刘华峰，程志全等．视景仿真技术及应用．西安电子科技大学出版社，2001
[16] 郝江波，卿杜政，欧阳伶俐，宋星．基于 HLA 的分布交互仿真应用系统开发研究．系统仿真学报，2000，12(5)
[17] Dr. Dale D. Miller. Dynamic Terrain in the Environment Federation. Proc.
Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 1999
[18] D. Bakeman et al. Dynamic Terrain: From Run-Time Modifications to Pre-Exercise Tailoring. Proc. Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 1999
[19] DMSO, High Level Architecture Rules, Interface Specification, Object Model Templates: Version 1.0, August 15 1996. http://www.dmso.mil
[20] M ichael. Capps, Don Brutzman. NPSNET-V: A New Beginning for Dynamically Extensible Virtual Environments. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, April 25 2000
[21] Miller, J. Nair, R. Zhang, Z. and Zhao, H. JSIM: A Java-Based Simulation and Animation Environment. Proceedings of the 30th Annual Simulation Symposium. Atlanta, GA.pp.31-42
[22] 康凤举．现代仿真技术与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2001
[23] Andre Lamothe. Tricks of the Windows Game Programming Gums. Sams Edition, 1999
[24] 王维平．面向对象的多媒体仿真方法研究：[博士学位论文]．长沙：国防科技大学数学系，1998
[25] DirectX8.1 SDK 帮助文档 directx8_c
[26] http://www.gamedev.net/reference/
[27] James Cermer, Joseph Keamey and Hyeongseok Ko, Simulation and scenario support for virtual envionment, Computer & Graphic, 1996, 20(2): 199-206
[28] 前导工作室译．图形程序开发人员指南．机械工业出版社，1998
[29] 张磊．3D STUDIO MAX 新起点--3．0 实用教程．机械工业出版社，2000
[30] 实时三维视景仿真驱动软件 Vega 产品介绍．华力同创科技有限公司，2002
[31] http://msdn.microsoft.com/community/directx.asp
[32] 王召福．HLA 邦元范型框架设计及其关键技术研究：[博士学位论文]．长沙：国防科技大学计算机学院，2002
[33] 凌云翔．基于 HLA/RTI 分布交互仿真系统的体系结构及其时间管理的研究与实现：[博士学位论文]．长沙：国防科技大学计算机学院，1999
[34] 史扬．新一代仿真技术框架 HLA/RTI 中数据过滤技术的研究及实现：[博士学位论文]．长沙：国防科技大学计算机学院，1999
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