光纤光栅传感特性与多点复用技术研究
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摘要
光纤光栅传感技术是近年来传感技术领域发展的一个新方向，它具有质量轻、抗电磁干扰、耐腐蚀、易于组成光纤传感网络等优点，广泛地应用到航空航天、石油、电力、土木工程、生物化学以及医学等领域。本文首先从光纤光栅理论出发，建立光纤光栅时分复用模型，其次在研究光纤光栅的各种复用技术的基础上，提出一种大容量的光纤光栅复用技术方案，分析其原理并通过实验验证其性能，其主要工作如下：
1.根据光纤光栅耦合模理论，研究光纤光栅的计算方法和光谱特性，以及传感器反射率和光栅长度，折射率调制深度的关系。建立了光纤光栅时分复用模型，研究传感器的反射率与传感器复用数量的关系，并且分析光谱阴影效应和多次反射效应对传感信号造成的串扰，通过仿真计算分析传感器的反射率与串扰程度的关系。
2.以光纤光栅的时分复用模型为基础，提出了基于半导体光放大器(SOA)共振腔的时分复用方案。通过采用不同频率的脉冲信号驱动SOA实现各传感器的寻址，研究脉冲信号宽度与传感器信号串扰的关系，以及腔内衰减与复用数量的关系。结合SOA共振腔技术，提出TDM+WDM混用技术方案，传感器阵列由多组传感器构成，组间以TDM方式访问，组内以WDM方式访问，传感器复用数量为两种复用方式数量的乘积，以实现TDM技术复用能力的倍增。
3.对光纤光栅传感特性进行分析，根据其对温度与应变具有交叉敏感特点，对传感器进行封装，研制基于光纤光栅的温度、应变、压力传感器，并对其相关系数进行标定。
4.研制基于SOA共振腔的时分复用传感系统，并搭建时分复用传感试验装置，在单根光纤上串联5个温度传感器和4个应变传感器，采用时分复用方式分别对温度和应变测量点进行监测，通过实验验证系统的多点复用能力。以TDM+WDM混用技术为基础，构建5×5的二维光纤传感网络，测量在不同加载/加热情况下铝板的应力/温度分布场。
In recent years, Fibre Bragg grating sensor technology has become a newdevelopment orientation in the sensoring field. It has some performances such aslight weight, electromagnetic immunity, corrosion resistant, easy to access into fiberoptic sensor networks etc., It’s widely used in aerospace, oil and electric power, civilengineering, biochemistry and medicine. In this paper, firstly, based on the theory offiber Bragg grating, a time-division multiplexed (TDM) model of fiber Bragg gratinghas been built up. Secondly, followed on the basis of a variety of fiber Bragg gratingmultiplexing technology, a large capacity multiplexing scheme of fiber Bragg gratingis put forward, it’s principle is analyzed and its performance is verified byexperiments. The main works are as follows:
1. Based on Fibre Bragg grating coupled theory, calculation methods and spectralcharacteristics of fibre Bragg grating is studied, and the relationship betweenreflectivity and refractive index modulation depth, length of grating is obtained.A time division multiplexing model is established, and the relationship betweenthe reflectivity and the number of sensors is studied. The crosstalk caused byspectral shadow and multiple reflection effect between the FBGs is analyzed.
2. Based on the TDM model, the author proposes a time-division multiplexingscheme using SOA resonant cavity, in which each of sensor is addressed byusing pulse singal with different frequency. The relationship between crosstalkof sensor and width of pulse, and the relationship between attenuation of cavityand the capacity of sensor are also studied, respectively. Combined the SOAresonant cavity technology, a large capacity multiplexing technology with mixedtime-division and wave-division multiplexing (TDM+WDM) is proposed. It’ssensor array consists of different groups and each group comprises of fewsensors, the group is addressed by TDM mode and each sensor is accessed byWDM mode, the total multiplexing capacity is multiplication of TDM andWDM.
3. Sensing characteristics and packaging technology of FBG is studied accordingto the performance of corss sensitivity characteristics to temperature and strain,a temperature, strain, pressure sensors is developed respectively, and theircoefficients are calibrated.
4. A time-division multiplexing sensing system is developed based on SOAresonant cavity. Experimental setups of TDM sensor system are built up.Temperatures and strains are monitored by using the TDM methord with5 temperature sensors and4strain sensors in a monofilament fiber. The multi-point multiplexing capability of TDM system is verifed by monitoring eachsensing point. A two dimensional FBG sensing network with5×5sensors arrayis set up based on TDM+WDM technology. The stress/temperature distributionin a aluminum plate is measured under different loading/heating by using thisFBG sensing network.
1.根据光纤光栅耦合模理论，研究光纤光栅的计算方法和光谱特性，以及传感器反射率和光栅长度，折射率调制深度的关系。建立了光纤光栅时分复用模型，研究传感器的反射率与传感器复用数量的关系，并且分析光谱阴影效应和多次反射效应对传感信号造成的串扰，通过仿真计算分析传感器的反射率与串扰程度的关系。
2.以光纤光栅的时分复用模型为基础，提出了基于半导体光放大器(SOA)共振腔的时分复用方案。通过采用不同频率的脉冲信号驱动SOA实现各传感器的寻址，研究脉冲信号宽度与传感器信号串扰的关系，以及腔内衰减与复用数量的关系。结合SOA共振腔技术，提出TDM+WDM混用技术方案，传感器阵列由多组传感器构成，组间以TDM方式访问，组内以WDM方式访问，传感器复用数量为两种复用方式数量的乘积，以实现TDM技术复用能力的倍增。
3.对光纤光栅传感特性进行分析，根据其对温度与应变具有交叉敏感特点，对传感器进行封装，研制基于光纤光栅的温度、应变、压力传感器，并对其相关系数进行标定。
4.研制基于SOA共振腔的时分复用传感系统，并搭建时分复用传感试验装置，在单根光纤上串联5个温度传感器和4个应变传感器，采用时分复用方式分别对温度和应变测量点进行监测，通过实验验证系统的多点复用能力。以TDM+WDM混用技术为基础，构建5×5的二维光纤传感网络，测量在不同加载/加热情况下铝板的应力/温度分布场。
In recent years, Fibre Bragg grating sensor technology has become a newdevelopment orientation in the sensoring field. It has some performances such aslight weight, electromagnetic immunity, corrosion resistant, easy to access into fiberoptic sensor networks etc., It’s widely used in aerospace, oil and electric power, civilengineering, biochemistry and medicine. In this paper, firstly, based on the theory offiber Bragg grating, a time-division multiplexed (TDM) model of fiber Bragg gratinghas been built up. Secondly, followed on the basis of a variety of fiber Bragg gratingmultiplexing technology, a large capacity multiplexing scheme of fiber Bragg gratingis put forward, it’s principle is analyzed and its performance is verified byexperiments. The main works are as follows:
1. Based on Fibre Bragg grating coupled theory, calculation methods and spectralcharacteristics of fibre Bragg grating is studied, and the relationship betweenreflectivity and refractive index modulation depth, length of grating is obtained.A time division multiplexing model is established, and the relationship betweenthe reflectivity and the number of sensors is studied. The crosstalk caused byspectral shadow and multiple reflection effect between the FBGs is analyzed.
2. Based on the TDM model, the author proposes a time-division multiplexingscheme using SOA resonant cavity, in which each of sensor is addressed byusing pulse singal with different frequency. The relationship between crosstalkof sensor and width of pulse, and the relationship between attenuation of cavityand the capacity of sensor are also studied, respectively. Combined the SOAresonant cavity technology, a large capacity multiplexing technology with mixedtime-division and wave-division multiplexing (TDM+WDM) is proposed. It’ssensor array consists of different groups and each group comprises of fewsensors, the group is addressed by TDM mode and each sensor is accessed byWDM mode, the total multiplexing capacity is multiplication of TDM andWDM.
3. Sensing characteristics and packaging technology of FBG is studied accordingto the performance of corss sensitivity characteristics to temperature and strain,a temperature, strain, pressure sensors is developed respectively, and theircoefficients are calibrated.
4. A time-division multiplexing sensing system is developed based on SOAresonant cavity. Experimental setups of TDM sensor system are built up.Temperatures and strains are monitored by using the TDM methord with5 temperature sensors and4strain sensors in a monofilament fiber. The multi-point multiplexing capability of TDM system is verifed by monitoring eachsensing point. A two dimensional FBG sensing network with5×5sensors arrayis set up based on TDM+WDM technology. The stress/temperature distributionin a aluminum plate is measured under different loading/heating by using thisFBG sensing network.
引文
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