非对称相位调制技术及其在无源光网络中的应用
摘要
无源光网络(PON, Passive Optical Network)的发展要求更大的接入带宽、更高的谱效率、更灵活的接入手段,同时具有较低的建设成本。差分正交相移键控(DQPSK, Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)是一种在高速光通信领域广泛应用的高阶调制码型,具有较高的谱效率,但其调制／解调的方法比较复杂,成本较高。如果想在PON中应用这种调制码型,则必须降低其成本,特别是调制／解调的光器件成本。此外,光码分多址(OCDMA, Optical Code Division Multiple Access)接入技术也是适应PON未来需求的一种极具潜力的接入方案。但OCDMA-PON采用全光产生的正交地址码,成本较高且不太成熟。因而也必须对其加以实用化的技术改进。
本论文在对DQPSK调制码型及OCDMA-PON研究的基础上,创新地提出并实验验证了一种新的调制码型及基于此调制码型的PON应用方案,具体的研究成果为以下几个方面：
(1)在DQPSK的技术基础上,论文提出了一种新的调制码型：非对称差分四相相移键控(A-DQPSK)。在高斯近似法的基础上,理论推导出此码型的误码率模型,并用仿真和实验证明此编码的正确性及可行性。这种调制码型具有非对称的星座图并可使用改进的DPMZM调制器实现。A-DQPSK的频谱利用率和DQPSK相同,但解调方式有别于DQPSK,只需一组DI-PD即可实现A-DQPSK信号的解调,因而可以显著降低接收端的器件成本。进一步研究表明,当采用A-DQPSK调制码型时,其预编码算法也较DQPSK简单,因而特别适合应用于成本敏感的无源光接入网。
(2)论文中提出一种基于A-DQPSK调制码型的PON光载波重用方案,并给出了方案原理及仿真验证结果。在这种光载波重用方案中,下行信号采用A-DQPSK调制码型；在上行传输时,将上行信号与解调得到的下行信号进行统一处理并预编码成一新信号,之后将此新信号以相位调制方式调制到下行光载波上。经过优化,这种光重用方案在下行方向上只需要一个PM即可实现A-DQPSK信号的调制；在上行方向上也只需要一个PM即可擦除下行相位调制信息并实现上行A-DQPSK信号的调制。这种光载波重用方案保留了A-DQPSK调制码型频谱利用率高的优点,同时减少了用户端的器件成本。
(3)论文利用光相位差与干涉后光强度的对应关系,提出一种差分多相相移键控(DMPSK)调制码型,并结合此调制码型将CDMA技术和PON技术相结合,提出一种基于相位调制编码的CDMA-PON方案。论文利用高斯近似法从理论上推导了此方案的误码率模型并用仿真证明此方案的正确性和可行性。这种新的PON技术既拥有CDMA的一对多的广播能力及灵活的用户接入特性,又利用了相位调制信号强度恒定的特性实现了光载波重用。这种方案仅利用了单波长通道,可以结合WDM技术进一步扩展用户数。
The development of passive optical network (PON) demands higher transmission speed, higher spectrum efficiency, more flexibility in access method and low cost. Differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) is one of the most widely used high spectrum efficiency modulation formats in high speed optical communication system. Due to the complicated modulation/demodulation method, the cost of this format is comparably high. In order to expand the usage of DQPSK format in PON, there should be a way to decrease its cost. On the other hand, optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is a promising candidate in next generation PON. But the generation technology of optical orthogonal address code is not mature and costs high. This technology should be modified to make the cost low.
Based on the studying of DQPSK and CDMA-PON, in this paper, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a novel modulation format and its application in PON. The main parts of our work are the following3points:
(1) On the base of DQPSK format, a novel modulation format: asymmetric DQPSK format (A-DQPSK) is proposed. With Gaussian approach method, BER model of this modulation format is deduced in theory. Both of software simulation and experiment showed the validity of A-DQPSK. This format has asymmetric constellation and can be fulfilled using modifed DPMZM. It has the same frequency efficency as DQPSK, but one set of DI and PD can demodulate the new format. Thus, the demodulation cost will be drascally saved. Further study showed us that, the pre-coding algorithm of A-DQPSK is much simpler than that of DQPSK. For these reasons, it well adapts the cost-sensitive access network.
(2) A carrier reusing technology basing on A-DQPSK is proposed in this paper. The theory of this scheme and simulation results are also provided. In this scheme, the down-stream (DS) data is modulated in A-DQPSK format. When re-modulate the up-stream (US) data, the US and DS data should be pre-processed together to generate a new signal which can directly phase modulated the original down-stream light. After optimization, one single PM can accomplish the A-DQPSK modulation of DS data and another PM can remodualte US data in A-DQPSK format. This method inherits the low cost and high spectrum efficiency of A-DQPSK while keeps the cost low.
(3) On the study of mapping between phase difference and interfered light intensity, a differential multiple phase shift keying (DMPSK) is proposed in the paper. With this modulation format, we combined CDMA and PON to form a phase modulated CDMA-PON. BER model of this format is deduced in theory and the simulation showed the validity of this scheme. This new PON not only inherits the broadcasting ability and flexibility of add-drop users of CDMA, but also can be carrier reused because of the phase modulation feature. This scheme occupies only one wavelength so that the user number can be expanded using WDM.
本论文在对DQPSK调制码型及OCDMA-PON研究的基础上,创新地提出并实验验证了一种新的调制码型及基于此调制码型的PON应用方案,具体的研究成果为以下几个方面：
(1)在DQPSK的技术基础上,论文提出了一种新的调制码型：非对称差分四相相移键控(A-DQPSK)。在高斯近似法的基础上,理论推导出此码型的误码率模型,并用仿真和实验证明此编码的正确性及可行性。这种调制码型具有非对称的星座图并可使用改进的DPMZM调制器实现。A-DQPSK的频谱利用率和DQPSK相同,但解调方式有别于DQPSK,只需一组DI-PD即可实现A-DQPSK信号的解调,因而可以显著降低接收端的器件成本。进一步研究表明,当采用A-DQPSK调制码型时,其预编码算法也较DQPSK简单,因而特别适合应用于成本敏感的无源光接入网。
(2)论文中提出一种基于A-DQPSK调制码型的PON光载波重用方案,并给出了方案原理及仿真验证结果。在这种光载波重用方案中,下行信号采用A-DQPSK调制码型；在上行传输时,将上行信号与解调得到的下行信号进行统一处理并预编码成一新信号,之后将此新信号以相位调制方式调制到下行光载波上。经过优化,这种光重用方案在下行方向上只需要一个PM即可实现A-DQPSK信号的调制；在上行方向上也只需要一个PM即可擦除下行相位调制信息并实现上行A-DQPSK信号的调制。这种光载波重用方案保留了A-DQPSK调制码型频谱利用率高的优点,同时减少了用户端的器件成本。
(3)论文利用光相位差与干涉后光强度的对应关系,提出一种差分多相相移键控(DMPSK)调制码型,并结合此调制码型将CDMA技术和PON技术相结合,提出一种基于相位调制编码的CDMA-PON方案。论文利用高斯近似法从理论上推导了此方案的误码率模型并用仿真证明此方案的正确性和可行性。这种新的PON技术既拥有CDMA的一对多的广播能力及灵活的用户接入特性,又利用了相位调制信号强度恒定的特性实现了光载波重用。这种方案仅利用了单波长通道,可以结合WDM技术进一步扩展用户数。
The development of passive optical network (PON) demands higher transmission speed, higher spectrum efficiency, more flexibility in access method and low cost. Differential quadrature phase shift keying (DQPSK) is one of the most widely used high spectrum efficiency modulation formats in high speed optical communication system. Due to the complicated modulation/demodulation method, the cost of this format is comparably high. In order to expand the usage of DQPSK format in PON, there should be a way to decrease its cost. On the other hand, optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) is a promising candidate in next generation PON. But the generation technology of optical orthogonal address code is not mature and costs high. This technology should be modified to make the cost low.
Based on the studying of DQPSK and CDMA-PON, in this paper, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a novel modulation format and its application in PON. The main parts of our work are the following3points:
(1) On the base of DQPSK format, a novel modulation format: asymmetric DQPSK format (A-DQPSK) is proposed. With Gaussian approach method, BER model of this modulation format is deduced in theory. Both of software simulation and experiment showed the validity of A-DQPSK. This format has asymmetric constellation and can be fulfilled using modifed DPMZM. It has the same frequency efficency as DQPSK, but one set of DI and PD can demodulate the new format. Thus, the demodulation cost will be drascally saved. Further study showed us that, the pre-coding algorithm of A-DQPSK is much simpler than that of DQPSK. For these reasons, it well adapts the cost-sensitive access network.
(2) A carrier reusing technology basing on A-DQPSK is proposed in this paper. The theory of this scheme and simulation results are also provided. In this scheme, the down-stream (DS) data is modulated in A-DQPSK format. When re-modulate the up-stream (US) data, the US and DS data should be pre-processed together to generate a new signal which can directly phase modulated the original down-stream light. After optimization, one single PM can accomplish the A-DQPSK modulation of DS data and another PM can remodualte US data in A-DQPSK format. This method inherits the low cost and high spectrum efficiency of A-DQPSK while keeps the cost low.
(3) On the study of mapping between phase difference and interfered light intensity, a differential multiple phase shift keying (DMPSK) is proposed in the paper. With this modulation format, we combined CDMA and PON to form a phase modulated CDMA-PON. BER model of this format is deduced in theory and the simulation showed the validity of this scheme. This new PON not only inherits the broadcasting ability and flexibility of add-drop users of CDMA, but also can be carrier reused because of the phase modulation feature. This scheme occupies only one wavelength so that the user number can be expanded using WDM.
引文
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