哈尔滨市可吸入颗粒物物理化学特征及生物活性研究
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摘要
本文运用大气环境科学、环境毒理学、无机生物化学和分子生物学等基础理论知识及多种分析手段,研究了哈尔滨市市区和郊区可吸入颗粒物样品的物理化学、生物活性特征及两者之间的关系。利用扫描电镜(SEM)识别出了6种类型的颗粒,并指出颗粒的主要类型为矿物颗粒、细小颗粒主要为飞灰,且细小颗粒主要分布在0.6μm以下区间。根据颗粒物表面成分的能谱分析,对矿物颗粒类型和颗粒的硫化特征进行了详细的讨论,提出了矿物颗粒硫化成盐作用的3种机理。应用质粒DNA评价法,在水溶样和全样中分别解析出5种和13种生物活性元素,并指出这些活性元素是颗粒中所有元素在对质粒DNA结合竞争中的优势元素,样品的生物活性差异即源于这些元素浓度组成的变化和差异,而且稀土元素对颗粒的生物活性具有主导作用。详细分析了活性元素的损伤和拮抗作用行为,并指出了元素的作用行为会随着元素所处的浓度区间变化而发生角色的变化。在颗粒物的生物活性定量评价方面,建立了PI指数评价模型,评价结果是春季样品的损伤能力最强、PI值最高(2.03),夏季样品的损伤能力最弱、PI值最低(0.06)。
The physico-chemical and bioreactive characteristics of PM present in the ambient air in Harbin were investigated using a combination or atmospheric environmental sciences, environmental toxicology, inorganic biochemistry and molecular biology. Six different types included particle-types were identified by SEM, with the main type being mineral particulate. Fine particle fly-ash with size in the range of 0.6μm in diameter. According to the EDX analysis performed on the surfaces of the particles, mineral-based particles and sulfurated particulates were identified and discussed in detail, with three possible mechanisms for the sulfuration of salt or mineral particles suggested. Five bioreactive elements identified in the water-soluble sample and 13 bioreactive elements present in the bulk sample were analyzed using the plasmid DNA assay. The result suggest that these active elements are the dominant elements in combined competition between element and plasmid DNA. The discrepancy of bioreactivity originates from variation and differences in elemental concentration and depends mainly on rare-earth elements. Analysis on the partern of toxicity and antagonistic effects indicated that the effect of an element was concentration-dependent. For the quantitative evaluation of the bioreactivity of each particle-type, the PI index evaluation model was established. The evaluated results revealed that samples collected in spring displayed the strongest capacity of damage and max PI value (2.03), whereas summer sample showed the lowest capacity of damage and a min PI value (0.06)
The physico-chemical and bioreactive characteristics of PM present in the ambient air in Harbin were investigated using a combination or atmospheric environmental sciences, environmental toxicology, inorganic biochemistry and molecular biology. Six different types included particle-types were identified by SEM, with the main type being mineral particulate. Fine particle fly-ash with size in the range of 0.6μm in diameter. According to the EDX analysis performed on the surfaces of the particles, mineral-based particles and sulfurated particulates were identified and discussed in detail, with three possible mechanisms for the sulfuration of salt or mineral particles suggested. Five bioreactive elements identified in the water-soluble sample and 13 bioreactive elements present in the bulk sample were analyzed using the plasmid DNA assay. The result suggest that these active elements are the dominant elements in combined competition between element and plasmid DNA. The discrepancy of bioreactivity originates from variation and differences in elemental concentration and depends mainly on rare-earth elements. Analysis on the partern of toxicity and antagonistic effects indicated that the effect of an element was concentration-dependent. For the quantitative evaluation of the bioreactivity of each particle-type, the PI index evaluation model was established. The evaluated results revealed that samples collected in spring displayed the strongest capacity of damage and max PI value (2.03), whereas summer sample showed the lowest capacity of damage and a min PI value (0.06)
引文
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