实验和理论模拟研究共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪的性能及对古文物的层状结构分析
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摘要
随着人们对微材料、样品元素分布信息的日益重视,能够进行无损测量的微束X射线荧光光谱分析(MXRF)得到了充分的发展。近两年国际上已经研究出多台三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪,并对其应用发展作了一定的研究。
本文介绍了北师大低能所X光室利用Mo靶微焦斑光源研制的三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪,该谱仪是以微焦斑光源前加会聚透镜和探测器前加半透镜构成的双透镜共聚焦系统。文中对该三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪的基本性能作了详细的测量,其中包括对共聚焦荧光谱仪的空间分辨率(FWHM)、深度分辨率及其与荧光能量的关系、最小探测极限的测量。根据三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪自身的特点,我们利用对古陶瓷、故宫壁画等样品的深度分析,发展了对层状样品的无损探测方法,并对无损探测方法的优势和劣势作了分析。
本文也详细介绍了使用同步辐射光源研制的一台新的三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪。该谱仪是在北京高能所同步辐射荧光站上搭建的,是以同步辐射光源前加Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors(KB镜)和探测器前加半透镜构成的共聚焦系统。与双透镜共聚焦系统相比,该谱仪一个很大的优点:调节共焦斑用时很短,能够节省大量的时间。利用该荧光谱仪,我们对壁画、小叶黄杨和大气颗粒物进行了分析。
三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪是一种新发展的微束荧光分析设备,需要有理论的证实和指导。文中根据X射线荧光强度的理论计算和X光透镜出射光束的光强分布建立了三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪的理论模型。并利用该理论模型进行了一系列的模拟实验,与真实的实验结果符合很好。使用该理论模型,还可以进行实验条件下无法进行的实验,对实验的设计和构思有很好的指导作用。
The concern about element distribution information of micro material and micro zone of sample is getting more deeply nowadays. And the micro X-ray fluorescence analysis which is a scatheless method for samples has a great development. In recent years, people developed a kind of new 3D confocal X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and studied the application of the new spectrometer.
In this paper, we introduced the new 3D confocal X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University, which consists of a monolithic polycapillary lens in the excitation channel and a half-lens in the detection channel, placed in front of a micro-focus X-ray tube and of a Si detector respectively. We investigated the confocal X-ray fluorescence spectrometer’s performance- the FWHM of three-dimensional confocal volume, the relationship between the FWHM and X-ray energy, the depth resolution and the minimum detect limit. Moreover, using ancient ceramics samples, we measured the layered structure with scatheless method and analyzed the merits and demerits of the scatheless method.
At the same time, a new confocal X-ray fluorescence facility with synchrotron radiation source based on polycapillary x-ray optics in the detection channel and Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors in the excitation channel is designed. With this confocal facility, we measured the several kinds of samples.
In this paper, a simulation model was built based on the theories calculation of X-ray fluorescence strength and the X-ray beams’distribution of X-ray lens. Using the simulation model, we made a series of simulation experiments, and the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results.
本文介绍了北师大低能所X光室利用Mo靶微焦斑光源研制的三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪,该谱仪是以微焦斑光源前加会聚透镜和探测器前加半透镜构成的双透镜共聚焦系统。文中对该三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪的基本性能作了详细的测量,其中包括对共聚焦荧光谱仪的空间分辨率(FWHM)、深度分辨率及其与荧光能量的关系、最小探测极限的测量。根据三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪自身的特点,我们利用对古陶瓷、故宫壁画等样品的深度分析,发展了对层状样品的无损探测方法,并对无损探测方法的优势和劣势作了分析。
本文也详细介绍了使用同步辐射光源研制的一台新的三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪。该谱仪是在北京高能所同步辐射荧光站上搭建的,是以同步辐射光源前加Kirkpatrick–Baez mirrors(KB镜)和探测器前加半透镜构成的共聚焦系统。与双透镜共聚焦系统相比,该谱仪一个很大的优点:调节共焦斑用时很短,能够节省大量的时间。利用该荧光谱仪,我们对壁画、小叶黄杨和大气颗粒物进行了分析。
三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪是一种新发展的微束荧光分析设备,需要有理论的证实和指导。文中根据X射线荧光强度的理论计算和X光透镜出射光束的光强分布建立了三维共聚焦X射线荧光谱仪的理论模型。并利用该理论模型进行了一系列的模拟实验,与真实的实验结果符合很好。使用该理论模型,还可以进行实验条件下无法进行的实验,对实验的设计和构思有很好的指导作用。
The concern about element distribution information of micro material and micro zone of sample is getting more deeply nowadays. And the micro X-ray fluorescence analysis which is a scatheless method for samples has a great development. In recent years, people developed a kind of new 3D confocal X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and studied the application of the new spectrometer.
In this paper, we introduced the new 3D confocal X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in Institute of Low Energy Nuclear Physics, Beijing Normal University, which consists of a monolithic polycapillary lens in the excitation channel and a half-lens in the detection channel, placed in front of a micro-focus X-ray tube and of a Si detector respectively. We investigated the confocal X-ray fluorescence spectrometer’s performance- the FWHM of three-dimensional confocal volume, the relationship between the FWHM and X-ray energy, the depth resolution and the minimum detect limit. Moreover, using ancient ceramics samples, we measured the layered structure with scatheless method and analyzed the merits and demerits of the scatheless method.
At the same time, a new confocal X-ray fluorescence facility with synchrotron radiation source based on polycapillary x-ray optics in the detection channel and Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) mirrors in the excitation channel is designed. With this confocal facility, we measured the several kinds of samples.
In this paper, a simulation model was built based on the theories calculation of X-ray fluorescence strength and the X-ray beams’distribution of X-ray lens. Using the simulation model, we made a series of simulation experiments, and the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results.
引文
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[2] 庹先国,徐争启,郭向利.能量色散 X 射线荧光光谱仪的进展.岩矿测试,2002,21:48–49.
[3] 齐文启,汪志国.X 射线荧光分析法及其在环境监测中的应用.环境监测管理与技术,2004,16(4):9–12.
[4] E. Selin,P. Standzenieks,J. Boman,V. Teeyasoontranont.Multi-element analysis of tree rings by EDXRF spectrometry.X-Ray Spectrometry,1993,22(4):281–285.
[5] Jerzy Ostachowicz,Beata Ostachowicz,Barbara Holyńska,Wladys law Baran. Application of EDXRF in a survey of concentrations of lead, zinc and arsenic in soil from selected areas in Krakow, Poland. X-Ray Spectrometry,1995,24(2):81–83
[6] Motoyuki Yamagami,Masahiro Nonoguchi,Takashi Yamada etc. VPD/TXRF Analysis of Trace Elements on a Silicon Wafer. X-Ray Spectrom,1999,28:451–455.
[7] 田宇,刘恺,邬旭然,郑素华.基于全反射原理的 X 荧光分析技术及其应用研究.光谱学与光谱分析,1999,16(3),430–433.
[8] 罗立强. X 射线光谱分析的现状与趋势.光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(1):189–191.
[9] 杨明太,张连平. 全反射 X 射线荧光分析. 核电子学与探测技术. 2002,22(6):572-575.
[10] 田宇,刘恺,邬旭然,郑素华.基于全反射原理的X 荧光分析技术及其应用研究.光谱学与光谱分析,1999,16(3),430–433.
[11] 陈雪亮 , 巩岩 , 陈波. 掠出射 X 射线荧光分析技术与掠入射 X 射线荧光分析技术,光学精密工程. 2004,02 期,
[12] 黄宇营,李光城,何伟,吴应荣.北京同步辐射X 射线荧光微束分析进展.报告.
[13] Yingrong Wu, Zhiyu Chao, Yanan Xiao, Juxiang Pan, Esheng Tang, XRF Experiments at BSRF, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A 1995,359:291.
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