溶洞型储层测井评价方法研究
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摘要
碳酸盐岩地层具有极强的非均质性，它也是溶洞发育的必备条件之一。溶洞型储层的空隙空间结构也比孔隙型和裂缝型储层复杂的多。因此，溶洞型储层在测井解释评价方面上也具有相当大的难度，一直以来也都是中外学者研究的重要课题，同时也是测井解释评价的一大前沿难题。
碳酸盐岩储层在油气储集方面占有十分重要的地位，但是溶洞型储层的分布特征与储集方式十分多样化。由于目前测井仪器与测井方法的限制，绝大多数的方法与仪器的研究都是把地层当作为均质地层来建立的模型，因此，国内外的很多测井专家、学者也对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层的测井解释与方法研究做了大量的工作，但是大多都是在洞穴的形成与沉积物等方面，至今还未形成一套较为可行与系统的解释评价碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层的测井方法。
本文基于以上的问题和国内外目前研究的方向、热点等，在前人的研究基础上，对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层测井评价中所遇到的一些问题进行研究与改进，以实际的资料出发，通过理论与实际相结合，建立出了一套针对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层相对完善并较为实用的测井评价方法。
本文针对溶洞型储层的一些测井、地质特征从以下几方面着手研究：
一、研究洞穴的形成机理与地质特征。
二、开展对洞穴的发育特征研究，寻找出地质、录井钻井以及测井方面的识别标识；
三、开展对溶洞型储层测井识别方法方面的研究，重点研究如何利用常规测井资料，成像测井资料识别洞穴，并判断洞穴的大小与充填程度；
四、开展对溶洞型储层的分布以及流体性质的研究，并通过实例对所研究的溶洞型储层测井解释评价方法进行应用效果检验。
通过一系列研究，完成了对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层研究的预定内容，并且取得了对本学科的发展与实际生产有着重要意义的研究成果：
1、在研究洞穴成因的基础上，详尽的总结归纳了洞穴的若干种类型与特征。研究了溶洞的分布规律，在纵、横向以及古地貌下的分布特征，为碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层的流体性质判别提供一定程度的地质依据。
2、建立碳酸盐岩测井溶洞型储层模型。通过双侧向数值模拟，从理论上研究分析了深浅侧向电阻率曲线在溶洞处可能出现的特征；形成常规曲线、电成像测井溶洞识别准则，进而对于半充填溶洞计算溶洞充填程度；探索性的对溶洞大小做出估算，并指出利用电成像资料估算溶洞大小的一个误区。
3、建立了碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层有效性判别及测井逻辑判别系列方法。形成全充填溶洞（角砾充填、泥质充填）储层有效性判识适用准则；研制泥质充填溶洞型储层判别图版，有效的判断充填层是否具有产出条件；逻辑判别法直接识别未充填、半充填溶洞储层流体性质。
4、研究地层流体的原始宏观分布状态，根据溶洞可能出现的形态及储集方式，划分边水模式、底水模式、隔离水、隔离气等地质模型，结合逻辑判别法和压力变化曲线判断流体性质。
5、针对地层流体赋存十分复杂的孔洞缝复合型储层和粒间孔隙被泥质充填的角砾充填溶洞型储层建立可动流体法判别流体性质，并取得较好成果。
本文的研究，以理论结合实际，从实际出发经过理论研究分析、模型建立到实际生产结果以及测井资料的分析研究，建立出的一套针对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层的测井解释评价方法在塔中地区应用并验证，取得了一定效果。因此，本文所研究的成果不仅有着较强的理论意义，并且还具有较强的实用价值。
The carbonate rock reservoir compared with clastic reservoir has a great feature isthe carbonate reservoir can be corrosion, corrosion may be the formation of karst cave.Void space structure cave reservoir than voided type and fracture type reservoir arecomplex, and the degree of anisotropy is greater. Therefore, cave reservoir in welllogging interpretation and evaluation of the difficulty is voided and fractured reservoiris much greater. Cave reservoir has always been an important subject of Chinese andforeign scholars, and also is one of the most difficult frontier problem in well logginginterpretation.
Oil and gas reservoir of carbonate reservoir occupies a very important position,cave reservoir is a very complex type of carbonate reservoir, therefore, domestic andforeign experts、scholars have studied many logging interpretation and methods ofcarbonate cave reservoir has done a lot of work. Due to the current logging andlogging methods, study and instrument most methods are the formation of vast ashomogeneous formation to the model, but the carbonates Cave reservoir with stronganisotropic, therefore, has not yet formed a set of relatively well logging system withperfect interpretation and evaluation carbonates Cave reservoir.
In this paper, the above problems and the research direction, focus on, on thebasis of previous research, study and improve on some of the problems encountered incarbonates Cave reservoir logging interpretation, starting from the actual data, bycombining theory and practice, to establish a set of logging interpretation atcarbonates Cave reservoir is relatively perfect and practical method. This study as afrontier subject in the study of China's oil and gas logging, the result of the researchcan improve and enrich the carbonates Cave reservoir in well logging interpretationand evaluation method in theory and application level.
In view of some logging, geological cave reservoir characteristics from thefollowing aspects:
One，Research on formation mechanism and geological characteristics of thecave;
Two, to carry out research on development characteristics of cave, find out thegeological, drilling and logging on logging identification;
Three, to carry out research on cave reservoir logging identification methods,focus on how to use the conventional logging data, logging data imaging recognitionof cave, and determine the size and the filling degree of cave;
Four, to carry out distribution of cave reservoir and Study on fluid nature, and thelogging cave reservoir interpretation and evaluation method of test application resultsthrough examples.
Through a series of studies, scheduled for completion by the content of carbonatecave reservoir, and has made the research results of the development of the subjecthas important significance and practical production:
1、 based on research on causes, detailed summarizes several types andcharacteristics of the cave. Study on the distribution regularity of karst cave, in thelongitudinal, transverse and distribution characteristics of ancient landform, providesthe geological basis to some extent for the fluid properties of carbonate cave reservoirdiscrimination.
2、establish the carbonatite logging cave reservoir model. Numerical simulation tothrough bilateral, theoretically has analyzed the characteristics of shallow lateralresistivity curve may appear in the form of conventional cave; curve, electricalimaging logging cave recognition criteria, and then computing the cave filling degreefor half filling karst cave; Exploratory of the cave size estimates, and points out thatthe electrical imaging data to estimate a misunderstanding the size of the cave.
3、establish a set of carbonates cave reservoir discriminant validity and logginglogic series method. The formation of the filling karst cave (breccia filling, mudfilling) effective reservoir identification applicable standards; development of mudfilling cavern reservoir discriminant chart, effectively judge whether filling layer withproduction conditions; logic judgement method for direct identification of unfilled,half filled karst cave reservoir fluid properties.
4、 The original macro distribution of formation fluid, according to themorphology and storage cavern possible way, divided edge water model, bottomwater, isolation, isolation mode water gas geological model, combined with the logic discrimination curve method and pressure to determine fluid property.
5、According to the pore formation fluid in very complex fracture type reservoirand intergranular pore is the mud breccia filling karst cave reservoir quality fillinglayer establishes movable fluid identification of fluid properties, and achieve betterresults
This paper studies the theory combined with practice, proceeding from realitythrough theoretical analysis, model establishment, the actual production results andlogging data analysis and research, explained the application and verification ofevaluation methods in Tazhong area to establish a set of carbonates cave reservoirlogging, obtained certain result. Therefore, not only has a strong theoreticalsignificance of this research, and also has a strong practical value.
碳酸盐岩储层在油气储集方面占有十分重要的地位，但是溶洞型储层的分布特征与储集方式十分多样化。由于目前测井仪器与测井方法的限制，绝大多数的方法与仪器的研究都是把地层当作为均质地层来建立的模型，因此，国内外的很多测井专家、学者也对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层的测井解释与方法研究做了大量的工作，但是大多都是在洞穴的形成与沉积物等方面，至今还未形成一套较为可行与系统的解释评价碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层的测井方法。
本文基于以上的问题和国内外目前研究的方向、热点等，在前人的研究基础上，对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层测井评价中所遇到的一些问题进行研究与改进，以实际的资料出发，通过理论与实际相结合，建立出了一套针对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层相对完善并较为实用的测井评价方法。
本文针对溶洞型储层的一些测井、地质特征从以下几方面着手研究：
一、研究洞穴的形成机理与地质特征。
二、开展对洞穴的发育特征研究，寻找出地质、录井钻井以及测井方面的识别标识；
三、开展对溶洞型储层测井识别方法方面的研究，重点研究如何利用常规测井资料，成像测井资料识别洞穴，并判断洞穴的大小与充填程度；
四、开展对溶洞型储层的分布以及流体性质的研究，并通过实例对所研究的溶洞型储层测井解释评价方法进行应用效果检验。
通过一系列研究，完成了对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层研究的预定内容，并且取得了对本学科的发展与实际生产有着重要意义的研究成果：
1、在研究洞穴成因的基础上，详尽的总结归纳了洞穴的若干种类型与特征。研究了溶洞的分布规律，在纵、横向以及古地貌下的分布特征，为碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层的流体性质判别提供一定程度的地质依据。
2、建立碳酸盐岩测井溶洞型储层模型。通过双侧向数值模拟，从理论上研究分析了深浅侧向电阻率曲线在溶洞处可能出现的特征；形成常规曲线、电成像测井溶洞识别准则，进而对于半充填溶洞计算溶洞充填程度；探索性的对溶洞大小做出估算，并指出利用电成像资料估算溶洞大小的一个误区。
3、建立了碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层有效性判别及测井逻辑判别系列方法。形成全充填溶洞（角砾充填、泥质充填）储层有效性判识适用准则；研制泥质充填溶洞型储层判别图版，有效的判断充填层是否具有产出条件；逻辑判别法直接识别未充填、半充填溶洞储层流体性质。
4、研究地层流体的原始宏观分布状态，根据溶洞可能出现的形态及储集方式，划分边水模式、底水模式、隔离水、隔离气等地质模型，结合逻辑判别法和压力变化曲线判断流体性质。
5、针对地层流体赋存十分复杂的孔洞缝复合型储层和粒间孔隙被泥质充填的角砾充填溶洞型储层建立可动流体法判别流体性质，并取得较好成果。
本文的研究，以理论结合实际，从实际出发经过理论研究分析、模型建立到实际生产结果以及测井资料的分析研究，建立出的一套针对碳酸盐岩溶洞型储层的测井解释评价方法在塔中地区应用并验证，取得了一定效果。因此，本文所研究的成果不仅有着较强的理论意义，并且还具有较强的实用价值。
The carbonate rock reservoir compared with clastic reservoir has a great feature isthe carbonate reservoir can be corrosion, corrosion may be the formation of karst cave.Void space structure cave reservoir than voided type and fracture type reservoir arecomplex, and the degree of anisotropy is greater. Therefore, cave reservoir in welllogging interpretation and evaluation of the difficulty is voided and fractured reservoiris much greater. Cave reservoir has always been an important subject of Chinese andforeign scholars, and also is one of the most difficult frontier problem in well logginginterpretation.
Oil and gas reservoir of carbonate reservoir occupies a very important position,cave reservoir is a very complex type of carbonate reservoir, therefore, domestic andforeign experts、scholars have studied many logging interpretation and methods ofcarbonate cave reservoir has done a lot of work. Due to the current logging andlogging methods, study and instrument most methods are the formation of vast ashomogeneous formation to the model, but the carbonates Cave reservoir with stronganisotropic, therefore, has not yet formed a set of relatively well logging system withperfect interpretation and evaluation carbonates Cave reservoir.
In this paper, the above problems and the research direction, focus on, on thebasis of previous research, study and improve on some of the problems encountered incarbonates Cave reservoir logging interpretation, starting from the actual data, bycombining theory and practice, to establish a set of logging interpretation atcarbonates Cave reservoir is relatively perfect and practical method. This study as afrontier subject in the study of China's oil and gas logging, the result of the researchcan improve and enrich the carbonates Cave reservoir in well logging interpretationand evaluation method in theory and application level.
In view of some logging, geological cave reservoir characteristics from thefollowing aspects:
One，Research on formation mechanism and geological characteristics of thecave;
Two, to carry out research on development characteristics of cave, find out thegeological, drilling and logging on logging identification;
Three, to carry out research on cave reservoir logging identification methods,focus on how to use the conventional logging data, logging data imaging recognitionof cave, and determine the size and the filling degree of cave;
Four, to carry out distribution of cave reservoir and Study on fluid nature, and thelogging cave reservoir interpretation and evaluation method of test application resultsthrough examples.
Through a series of studies, scheduled for completion by the content of carbonatecave reservoir, and has made the research results of the development of the subjecthas important significance and practical production:
1、 based on research on causes, detailed summarizes several types andcharacteristics of the cave. Study on the distribution regularity of karst cave, in thelongitudinal, transverse and distribution characteristics of ancient landform, providesthe geological basis to some extent for the fluid properties of carbonate cave reservoirdiscrimination.
2、establish the carbonatite logging cave reservoir model. Numerical simulation tothrough bilateral, theoretically has analyzed the characteristics of shallow lateralresistivity curve may appear in the form of conventional cave; curve, electricalimaging logging cave recognition criteria, and then computing the cave filling degreefor half filling karst cave; Exploratory of the cave size estimates, and points out thatthe electrical imaging data to estimate a misunderstanding the size of the cave.
3、establish a set of carbonates cave reservoir discriminant validity and logginglogic series method. The formation of the filling karst cave (breccia filling, mudfilling) effective reservoir identification applicable standards; development of mudfilling cavern reservoir discriminant chart, effectively judge whether filling layer withproduction conditions; logic judgement method for direct identification of unfilled,half filled karst cave reservoir fluid properties.
4、 The original macro distribution of formation fluid, according to themorphology and storage cavern possible way, divided edge water model, bottomwater, isolation, isolation mode water gas geological model, combined with the logic discrimination curve method and pressure to determine fluid property.
5、According to the pore formation fluid in very complex fracture type reservoirand intergranular pore is the mud breccia filling karst cave reservoir quality fillinglayer establishes movable fluid identification of fluid properties, and achieve betterresults
This paper studies the theory combined with practice, proceeding from realitythrough theoretical analysis, model establishment, the actual production results andlogging data analysis and research, explained the application and verification ofevaluation methods in Tazhong area to establish a set of carbonates cave reservoirlogging, obtained certain result. Therefore, not only has a strong theoreticalsignificance of this research, and also has a strong practical value.
引文
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