基于GIS的运输协同研究
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摘要
公路运输在整个交通运输业中处于基础地位。在公路、水路、铁路、民航、管道五种主要运输方式中，公路货运量、周转量远远超过其他运输方式，在国民经济及社会发展中占有重要地位。
在过去的20多年的时间里，公路货运由于基础设施、装备水平的提高取得了巨大的进步。但是，随着经济的快速增长，市场竞争的不断加剧，公路货运也面临一些问题：大多数企业规模偏小、社会运力的地域分布不均、组织管理水平落后、市场无序竞争加剧、经营信息网络落后。所有这些都严重地制约了公路货运企业的发展，特别是社会上为数众多的中小公路货运公司面临困境，急需提高企业经营管理水平，进而在激烈的市场竞争中胜出。
本文从公路运输企业的合作入手，研究企业间在运输过程中的协同作业。协同运输，通常是指两个或多个运输企业，为完成某项运输任务，相互分工合作，共同完成整个运输，实现货物空间位移；它可以是各种不同运输方式的组合，也可是同种运输方式在不同地理位置的接力；它运用GIS技术和网络技术作为信息交流和传递的手段；最终建立出一种新型的合作竞争关系，提高企业自身的运营成本和管理水平，降低企业运输的综合成本，提升企业的市场竞争力。
论文首先简介了GIS技术，分析了国内外GIS在交通运输中的运用情况，接着阐述了协同的基本理论，对合作企业的选择、协同运输业务的确定进行了研究，描述分析了车辆调度的一些算法；最后运用基于组件的GIS技术，结合车辆调度的数学模型，开发出企业协同网络调度的信息管理系统，实现相关协作运输调度的智能安排和图形化显示，并对企业经营数据进行统计、分析，为运输企业之间的信息共享、交流合作提供了一个支持平台，进而为提高公路运输企业的经营管理水平和市场竞争力提供了新的手段。
Road transportation is at the basic rank in whole carrying trade. Road transportation is much better than the other five transportation styles: road transportation, waterage, railage, air transportation, pipeline transportation in freight volume and turnover volume. It plays a very important role in our nation's economy and social development.
In the past twenty years our nation's road transportation has made great progress which benefits from the development of transportation basic facilities and the level of carrying tools. But along with the rapid development of economy and the drastic competition of market, road transportation faces bigger challenge than before. Some problems such as most companies' scale too small, disequilibrium transportation capacity , poor management level, disorder market competition and poor manage information have restricted the progress of road transportation. Especially for many small carrying companies the problem exists in evidence. So these companies need improve management themselves.
The thesis mainly discusses collaborate between carrying companies, and studying the collaborate work in transportation process. Collaborate transportation, generally is two or more companies finish one transportation task by cooperating, achieving cargo transfer form one place to another. It may be the same transfer style, and can be different also. At the same time , it uses GIS and network technology to convey information. At the end it help the companies built a new cooperate relation , improve its management lever, decrease company's transportation cost, and enhance the ability of competition.
At first the thesis introduces how the GIS used in transportation, and analyzing its application in domestic and international. Then introduces the basic collaboration theory, selection of collaboration partner, the selection of collaboration business, some arithmetic about vehicle scheduling and how to scheduling. At the end , it use the GIS based on Component Object, integrates the model of vehicle scheduling, builts the information management of vehicle scheduling for companies. It has some functions as follows: collaborate planning , visualizing scheduling information, sharing information between companies. It can count and analyse the data for the company. So it provides a software environment to improve company management level and market competition competence.
在过去的20多年的时间里，公路货运由于基础设施、装备水平的提高取得了巨大的进步。但是，随着经济的快速增长，市场竞争的不断加剧，公路货运也面临一些问题：大多数企业规模偏小、社会运力的地域分布不均、组织管理水平落后、市场无序竞争加剧、经营信息网络落后。所有这些都严重地制约了公路货运企业的发展，特别是社会上为数众多的中小公路货运公司面临困境，急需提高企业经营管理水平，进而在激烈的市场竞争中胜出。
本文从公路运输企业的合作入手，研究企业间在运输过程中的协同作业。协同运输，通常是指两个或多个运输企业，为完成某项运输任务，相互分工合作，共同完成整个运输，实现货物空间位移；它可以是各种不同运输方式的组合，也可是同种运输方式在不同地理位置的接力；它运用GIS技术和网络技术作为信息交流和传递的手段；最终建立出一种新型的合作竞争关系，提高企业自身的运营成本和管理水平，降低企业运输的综合成本，提升企业的市场竞争力。
论文首先简介了GIS技术，分析了国内外GIS在交通运输中的运用情况，接着阐述了协同的基本理论，对合作企业的选择、协同运输业务的确定进行了研究，描述分析了车辆调度的一些算法；最后运用基于组件的GIS技术，结合车辆调度的数学模型，开发出企业协同网络调度的信息管理系统，实现相关协作运输调度的智能安排和图形化显示，并对企业经营数据进行统计、分析，为运输企业之间的信息共享、交流合作提供了一个支持平台，进而为提高公路运输企业的经营管理水平和市场竞争力提供了新的手段。
Road transportation is at the basic rank in whole carrying trade. Road transportation is much better than the other five transportation styles: road transportation, waterage, railage, air transportation, pipeline transportation in freight volume and turnover volume. It plays a very important role in our nation's economy and social development.
In the past twenty years our nation's road transportation has made great progress which benefits from the development of transportation basic facilities and the level of carrying tools. But along with the rapid development of economy and the drastic competition of market, road transportation faces bigger challenge than before. Some problems such as most companies' scale too small, disequilibrium transportation capacity , poor management level, disorder market competition and poor manage information have restricted the progress of road transportation. Especially for many small carrying companies the problem exists in evidence. So these companies need improve management themselves.
The thesis mainly discusses collaborate between carrying companies, and studying the collaborate work in transportation process. Collaborate transportation, generally is two or more companies finish one transportation task by cooperating, achieving cargo transfer form one place to another. It may be the same transfer style, and can be different also. At the same time , it uses GIS and network technology to convey information. At the end it help the companies built a new cooperate relation , improve its management lever, decrease company's transportation cost, and enhance the ability of competition.
At first the thesis introduces how the GIS used in transportation, and analyzing its application in domestic and international. Then introduces the basic collaboration theory, selection of collaboration partner, the selection of collaboration business, some arithmetic about vehicle scheduling and how to scheduling. At the end , it use the GIS based on Component Object, integrates the model of vehicle scheduling, builts the information management of vehicle scheduling for companies. It has some functions as follows: collaborate planning , visualizing scheduling information, sharing information between companies. It can count and analyse the data for the company. So it provides a software environment to improve company management level and market competition competence.
引文
[1] 齐锐等．用MapX开发地理信息系统．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[2] 周城，刘单忠．物流信息化解决方案．成都：四川人民出版社，1999
[3] 刘志强等．物流配送系统设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[4] 宋华等．现代物流与供应链管理．北京：经济管理出版社，2000
[5] 骆温平．第三方物流．上海：上海社会科学院出版社，2001
[6] 丁立言，张铎．物流系统工程．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[7] 李建民．VMI在库存管理中的应用．综合运输，2002，(5)
[8] 何明苛等．现代配送中心：推动流通创新的趋势．北京：中国商业出版社，1997
[9] 郭耀煌等．货运优化调度模型及算法．西南地区运筹学学术会议．昆明，1990
[10] 徐天亮．运输与配送．北京：中国物资出版社．2002
[11] 郭耀煌．安排城市卡车行车线路的一种新算法．系统工程学报，1989，No2
[12] 郭耀煌．复杂道路网上货运卡车的优化调度．西南交通大学学报，1988，No．4
[13] 李军等．加强区域物流运输科学调度研究．中国交通研究与探索．北京：人民交通出版社，1999
[14] 张震．城市货运汽车营运组织最优化的理论与方法．管理工程学报，1995，Vol．9，No．3
[15] 罗英伟．基于Agent的分布式地理信息系统研究：[博士学位论文]．北京：北京大学，1999
[16] 姜大力等．车辆路径问题的遗传算法研究．系统工程理论与实践，1999．Vol．18，p40-45
[17] 张薰华等．交通经济学．上海：上海社会科学院出版社，1998
[18] 郭耀煌等．货运调度的一种序列优化算法．汽车运输研究，1994，Vol．11，No．3
[19] 常发亮等．物资配送中心的物流调度与优化研究．高技术通讯，1997．12．
[20] 郭耀煌等．一种派车算法．运筹与决策．成都：成都科技大学出版社，1992
[21] 纪树新等．车间作业调度遗传算法中的交叉算子的研究．控制与决策，1998，Vol．18．No．2
[22] 李军．车辆调度问题的分派启发式算法．系统工程理论与实践，1999，Vol．17，No．2
[23] 陈惠开．网络——网络流．北京：人民邮电出版社，1992
[24] 李军．物流配送：车辆优化调度理论与方法．北京：中国物资出版社，2001
[25] 李大卫等．遗传算法在有时间窗车辆路径问题上的应用．系统工程理论与实践，1999，19(8)
[26] 田丰等．图与网络流理论．北京：科学出版社，1987
[27] 王树禾．图论及其算法．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1990
[28] 杜明义，郭达志．空间数据仓库技术与模型研究．计算机工程与应用．北京：1999，12．16～18
[29] 秀媛，张国伍．MAS协商在交通运输企业中的应用．交通运输系统工程与信息，2001．8，3．226～231
[30] 罗雄飞，张秀嫒，张国伍．基于MAS的运输企业虚拟组织协同问题的研究．计算机工程与应用，2002．11，5．253～256
[31] 郭耀煌，李军．车辆优化调度问题的研究现状评述．西南交通大学学报，1995，30(4)：376～382
[32] 杨树荣，冯芳霞，郑加柱．基于GIS的道路运输规划的研究．森林工程，2002．11，6．46～47
[33] 王杰臣，毛海城．图的节点-弧段联合结构表示法及其在GIS最优路径选取中的应用．测绘学报，2000，Vol．29(1)：47-51
[34] 高瑞娟，王勇．地理信息系统(GIS)及其应用软件研究．西安邮电学院学报，1998，Vol．3(2)：25-29
[35] Glden B.L.Introduction to Recent Advances in Vehicle Routing Methods.Transportation Planning Models,1984
[36] Cesar Rego.A Subpath Ejection Method for The Vehicle Routing Routing Problem.Manegement Science , 1998,Vol.44,No.10
[37] Cattrysse D.etc..Set Partitioning and column Generation Heuristics for Capacitated Dynamic Lotsizing.European Journal of Operational Research, 1999, Vol.46
[38] Fiechter.A parallel tabu search algorithm for large traveling salesman problem.Discrete Application Mathematics,1994,Vol.51
[39] Goldberg D E .Alleles, loci, and the traveling salesman problem.Second Int.Conf.on Genetic Algorithms and their Applications,1985
[40] Dejong K A.Analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems.Ph.D.thesis.Univ.of Michigan.Ann Arbir, Mich.1875
[41] Christofides N.The Vehicle Routing Problem.Combinatorial Optimization.Johnly Wiley, New York,1979
[42] Pureza V M.Vehicle Routing Problem via Tabu Search Metaheuristics.Publication CRT-747,Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Montreal,1991
[43] Held,M.& R.Karp, " The Traveling salesman problem and minimum spanning trees",Operations Research,1970,18,1138-1162.
[44] Kolen,A.W.J,Rinnooy Kan,A.H.G. and Trienkens,H.W.J.M, "Vehicle routing and scheduling with time windows",Operations research,1987, 35(2)
[45] Solomon,M.M., "Vehicle routing and scheduling with time windows constrains:models and algorithms"Ph.D.dissertation,Dept of decision sciences,University of Pennsylvania,1983.
[46] Gillett,B.& Miller, L., "A heuristic algorithm for the vehicle dispatch problem",Operation research,1974, 22,340-349
[47] Mole,R.H.& Jameson,S.R., "A study of permulation crossover operators on the traveling salesman problem",Genetic algorithms and their appliacation: proceeding of second Int.Conf. on Genetic algorithms,1976,224-230.
[2] 周城，刘单忠．物流信息化解决方案．成都：四川人民出版社，1999
[3] 刘志强等．物流配送系统设计．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[4] 宋华等．现代物流与供应链管理．北京：经济管理出版社，2000
[5] 骆温平．第三方物流．上海：上海社会科学院出版社，2001
[6] 丁立言，张铎．物流系统工程．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
[7] 李建民．VMI在库存管理中的应用．综合运输，2002，(5)
[8] 何明苛等．现代配送中心：推动流通创新的趋势．北京：中国商业出版社，1997
[9] 郭耀煌等．货运优化调度模型及算法．西南地区运筹学学术会议．昆明，1990
[10] 徐天亮．运输与配送．北京：中国物资出版社．2002
[11] 郭耀煌．安排城市卡车行车线路的一种新算法．系统工程学报，1989，No2
[12] 郭耀煌．复杂道路网上货运卡车的优化调度．西南交通大学学报，1988，No．4
[13] 李军等．加强区域物流运输科学调度研究．中国交通研究与探索．北京：人民交通出版社，1999
[14] 张震．城市货运汽车营运组织最优化的理论与方法．管理工程学报，1995，Vol．9，No．3
[15] 罗英伟．基于Agent的分布式地理信息系统研究：[博士学位论文]．北京：北京大学，1999
[16] 姜大力等．车辆路径问题的遗传算法研究．系统工程理论与实践，1999．Vol．18，p40-45
[17] 张薰华等．交通经济学．上海：上海社会科学院出版社，1998
[18] 郭耀煌等．货运调度的一种序列优化算法．汽车运输研究，1994，Vol．11，No．3
[19] 常发亮等．物资配送中心的物流调度与优化研究．高技术通讯，1997．12．
[20] 郭耀煌等．一种派车算法．运筹与决策．成都：成都科技大学出版社，1992
[21] 纪树新等．车间作业调度遗传算法中的交叉算子的研究．控制与决策，1998，Vol．18．No．2
[22] 李军．车辆调度问题的分派启发式算法．系统工程理论与实践，1999，Vol．17，No．2
[23] 陈惠开．网络——网络流．北京：人民邮电出版社，1992
[24] 李军．物流配送：车辆优化调度理论与方法．北京：中国物资出版社，2001
[25] 李大卫等．遗传算法在有时间窗车辆路径问题上的应用．系统工程理论与实践，1999，19(8)
[26] 田丰等．图与网络流理论．北京：科学出版社，1987
[27] 王树禾．图论及其算法．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，1990
[28] 杜明义，郭达志．空间数据仓库技术与模型研究．计算机工程与应用．北京：1999，12．16～18
[29] 秀媛，张国伍．MAS协商在交通运输企业中的应用．交通运输系统工程与信息，2001．8，3．226～231
[30] 罗雄飞，张秀嫒，张国伍．基于MAS的运输企业虚拟组织协同问题的研究．计算机工程与应用，2002．11，5．253～256
[31] 郭耀煌，李军．车辆优化调度问题的研究现状评述．西南交通大学学报，1995，30(4)：376～382
[32] 杨树荣，冯芳霞，郑加柱．基于GIS的道路运输规划的研究．森林工程，2002．11，6．46～47
[33] 王杰臣，毛海城．图的节点-弧段联合结构表示法及其在GIS最优路径选取中的应用．测绘学报，2000，Vol．29(1)：47-51
[34] 高瑞娟，王勇．地理信息系统(GIS)及其应用软件研究．西安邮电学院学报，1998，Vol．3(2)：25-29
[35] Glden B.L.Introduction to Recent Advances in Vehicle Routing Methods.Transportation Planning Models,1984
[36] Cesar Rego.A Subpath Ejection Method for The Vehicle Routing Routing Problem.Manegement Science , 1998,Vol.44,No.10
[37] Cattrysse D.etc..Set Partitioning and column Generation Heuristics for Capacitated Dynamic Lotsizing.European Journal of Operational Research, 1999, Vol.46
[38] Fiechter.A parallel tabu search algorithm for large traveling salesman problem.Discrete Application Mathematics,1994,Vol.51
[39] Goldberg D E .Alleles, loci, and the traveling salesman problem.Second Int.Conf.on Genetic Algorithms and their Applications,1985
[40] Dejong K A.Analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems.Ph.D.thesis.Univ.of Michigan.Ann Arbir, Mich.1875
[41] Christofides N.The Vehicle Routing Problem.Combinatorial Optimization.Johnly Wiley, New York,1979
[42] Pureza V M.Vehicle Routing Problem via Tabu Search Metaheuristics.Publication CRT-747,Centre de Recherche sur les Transports, Montreal,1991
[43] Held,M.& R.Karp, " The Traveling salesman problem and minimum spanning trees",Operations Research,1970,18,1138-1162.
[44] Kolen,A.W.J,Rinnooy Kan,A.H.G. and Trienkens,H.W.J.M, "Vehicle routing and scheduling with time windows",Operations research,1987, 35(2)
[45] Solomon,M.M., "Vehicle routing and scheduling with time windows constrains:models and algorithms"Ph.D.dissertation,Dept of decision sciences,University of Pennsylvania,1983.
[46] Gillett,B.& Miller, L., "A heuristic algorithm for the vehicle dispatch problem",Operation research,1974, 22,340-349
[47] Mole,R.H.& Jameson,S.R., "A study of permulation crossover operators on the traveling salesman problem",Genetic algorithms and their appliacation: proceeding of second Int.Conf. on Genetic algorithms,1976,224-230.