基于TDK6513的高精度多功能电能表的研究与设计
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摘要
本文通过分析国内外电能表的发展现状,针对电力部门对电能表的高精度、多功能的实际需求,对高精度多功能电能表产品的研制理论及设计方案进行了研究与设计。
本文首先综述了电子式多功能电能表的发展现状及电能测量的基本原理;研究了常用电能量的数字化计量和电能参数数字化测量方法;设计了多功能电子式电能表的总体方案;提出了一种新的符合电力系统计量发展的计量方法:分功率因数计量法,在保留电能表已有功能的基础上,新增加了分功率因数电能计量功能;在分析了常用失压电能追补方案的劣势后,提出了一种利用安时值进行电能量追补的失压电能追补方案,该方案优点是追补量只与本相的记录值有关,不受电网的不平衡性影响。本文按功能需求进行了各个硬件电路单元的设计,包括计量单元、功能管理单元、电源单元、显示单元、通信接口单元、时钟芯片单元电路等,并分析了系统的误差及误差补偿方法;软件方面,上位机实现参数设置和数据抄读,表计部分采用模块化软件设计方法实现了多功能表的有功和无功电能分时计量、需量计量、通讯、停电抄表、按键与数字显示、时段投切等功能,并给出了相应部分的程序流程图,最后研究和设计了分功率因数计量电量的方法和本电能表采用的失压电能追补方案。
本文研究和设计的三相多功能电子式电能表的精度可达到有功0.2S级,无功1.0级,并且系统在设计时充分考虑了通用性,以满足不同客户的要求。实践证明,此新型多功能电子式电能表具有精度高、多功能、运行稳定、可靠性高、通用性好和抗干扰能力强等优点,适应电表市场的需求。
In the paper, internal and oversea situation of developing electronic energy meterhas been analyzed, the high accuracy and Multi-function electronic energy meter has been researched and designed in allusion to requirement of the energy meters in the electricity department.
At first, this paper summarizes the present developing state of multi-function electronic watt-hour meter and the basic theory of digital energy measurement;and then, introduces the overall scheme of the design of the meter;and then put forward a new measure method which fit electric power system:Measure according to power factor,which was added to this multi_function power meter;and after the disadvantage of other method was analysed ,the scheme of return of low_votage loss was put forwarded,which was not affected by the none_ballance character of power line. This paper put forward the circuit design of each unit with the function divided, including power unit,communication unit, and IC card interface unit etc.Some measures of system’s measurement error and error compensation are taken into comment. The soft design of the system is the priority of this paper.The interface programming adopts the advance visual language and for power meter this paper utilize modularization method to realize the common function of Multi-function meter,such as active power,reactive power, maximum demand,communication,keyboard and display,anomaly detection,electricity reading meter and so on.Most importantly,the measure method that measure apart according to power-factor is introduced as a innovation. Finally, the measures of returning Low-Votage power energy loss are introduced detailedly.
The accuracy of this 3-phase multi-function electronic watt-hour meter can be to 0.2S and reactive power class 1.0. This system is designed in view of its commonality. so, it can satisfy different user without modify program code. It has been proved in practice that this Late-model multi-function electronic watt-hour meter has high accuracy, excellency of run stability, high reliability, good commonality and strong ability of anti-jamming, etc. It’s fit in with the market demand of the watt-hour meter.
本文首先综述了电子式多功能电能表的发展现状及电能测量的基本原理;研究了常用电能量的数字化计量和电能参数数字化测量方法;设计了多功能电子式电能表的总体方案;提出了一种新的符合电力系统计量发展的计量方法:分功率因数计量法,在保留电能表已有功能的基础上,新增加了分功率因数电能计量功能;在分析了常用失压电能追补方案的劣势后,提出了一种利用安时值进行电能量追补的失压电能追补方案,该方案优点是追补量只与本相的记录值有关,不受电网的不平衡性影响。本文按功能需求进行了各个硬件电路单元的设计,包括计量单元、功能管理单元、电源单元、显示单元、通信接口单元、时钟芯片单元电路等,并分析了系统的误差及误差补偿方法;软件方面,上位机实现参数设置和数据抄读,表计部分采用模块化软件设计方法实现了多功能表的有功和无功电能分时计量、需量计量、通讯、停电抄表、按键与数字显示、时段投切等功能,并给出了相应部分的程序流程图,最后研究和设计了分功率因数计量电量的方法和本电能表采用的失压电能追补方案。
本文研究和设计的三相多功能电子式电能表的精度可达到有功0.2S级,无功1.0级,并且系统在设计时充分考虑了通用性,以满足不同客户的要求。实践证明,此新型多功能电子式电能表具有精度高、多功能、运行稳定、可靠性高、通用性好和抗干扰能力强等优点,适应电表市场的需求。
In the paper, internal and oversea situation of developing electronic energy meterhas been analyzed, the high accuracy and Multi-function electronic energy meter has been researched and designed in allusion to requirement of the energy meters in the electricity department.
At first, this paper summarizes the present developing state of multi-function electronic watt-hour meter and the basic theory of digital energy measurement;and then, introduces the overall scheme of the design of the meter;and then put forward a new measure method which fit electric power system:Measure according to power factor,which was added to this multi_function power meter;and after the disadvantage of other method was analysed ,the scheme of return of low_votage loss was put forwarded,which was not affected by the none_ballance character of power line. This paper put forward the circuit design of each unit with the function divided, including power unit,communication unit, and IC card interface unit etc.Some measures of system’s measurement error and error compensation are taken into comment. The soft design of the system is the priority of this paper.The interface programming adopts the advance visual language and for power meter this paper utilize modularization method to realize the common function of Multi-function meter,such as active power,reactive power, maximum demand,communication,keyboard and display,anomaly detection,electricity reading meter and so on.Most importantly,the measure method that measure apart according to power-factor is introduced as a innovation. Finally, the measures of returning Low-Votage power energy loss are introduced detailedly.
The accuracy of this 3-phase multi-function electronic watt-hour meter can be to 0.2S and reactive power class 1.0. This system is designed in view of its commonality. so, it can satisfy different user without modify program code. It has been proved in practice that this Late-model multi-function electronic watt-hour meter has high accuracy, excellency of run stability, high reliability, good commonality and strong ability of anti-jamming, etc. It’s fit in with the market demand of the watt-hour meter.
引文
[1] 曾乃鸿.电子式电能表发展现状和展望.华东电力,2001,25 (5) : 24-27
[2] 唐统一,赵伟.电测与仪表技术的回顾和展望.电测与仪表,2000,10(1) : 5- 11
[3] 赵伟,庞海波,刘灿涛.电能表技术的发展历程.电测与仪表,1999,36(6): 4-8
[4] 陈向群.电能计量技能考核培训教材.北京:中国电力出版社,2003:86-98
[5] 赵四海.高精度电能表的研制:[华东理工大学硕士学位论文].上海:华东理工大学,2003:1-4
[6] 郑东海.新型三相复费率网络化多功能电能表的研究:[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005:1-5
[7] Pejic Dragan,Vujicic Vladimir.Accuracy Limit of High-Precision Stochastic Watt-Hour Meter[J],IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, Jun2000, 49(3):617-620
[8] Chia-Lin Yang. Software-Controlled Cache Architecture for Energy Efficiency[J], IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems for Video Technology, May2005, 15(5):634-644
[9] Daniel Lewis. Fundamentals of embedded software where C and Assembly meet[M].USA:Pearson Education,2002:87-96
[10] 汪国林.基于 MSP430 的数字电能表的设计技术研究:[合肥工业大学硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2004:8-13
[11] 刘建民. 电测仪表与电能计量.北京:中国电力出版社,1998:86-87 彭时雄.交流电能(电功率)测量综合误差的测试计算及改进技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002:前言
[12] 陈 希 武 , 胡 博 . 电 子 式 电 能 表 的 设 计 与 实 现 . 中 国 计 量 学 院 学 报1996,12(1):39-41
[13] 彭时雄.交流电能(电功率)测量综合误差的测试计算及改进技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002:前言
[14] 万全.新型多用户电子式电能表的研究与设计. [湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2004:9-21
[15] 柴书常. Δ?ΣAD转换器浅解.石油仪器,2000,6(14):4-8
[16] 郭松林,张礼勇,林海军. Σ?ΔA/D转换器的原理及分析.电测与仪表,2002,39(11):20-24
[17] 史旭光.基于MSP430的多功能电能表的研究.[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔工业大学,2003:38-39
[18] 顾海洲,马双武.PCB电磁兼容技术—设计实践.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:88-90
[19] 尹斌,王惠庆,王标.电能表自动抄表系统.电测与仪表,1995,23(2): 8-12
[20] 孙晓东.0.2S级三相电子式多功能电能表的设计. [哈尔滨理工大学工程硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2003:21-22
[21] 董书友.基于专用DSP芯片的三相多功能电能表的研制. [北方交通大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2001:49-51
[22] 李田雨,金新民.TDK6513型电能测量电路的原理及应用.国外电子元器件,2006,(7):50-52
[23] Bernhard Mund, Berkenhoff & Drebes GmbH(Bedea). Fast fourier transformation testing of structural retun loss during extrusion of insulation[J]. Wire Industry ,1997,88(7):397-401
[24] Heideman MT, Johnson DH , Burrus CS .Gauss and the history of the fast Fourier transform. Archive for History of Exact Sciences,1985,34( 3):265-27
[25] 张殿明.多用户柜式电能表的研制及恶性负载识别技术的研究. [山东科技硕士学位论文].济南:山东科技大学,2005:46-48
[26]Das, S.R. Self-testing of cores-based embedded systems with built-in hardware[J], IEEE Proceedings--Circuits,Devices & Systems, Oct2005, 152(5): 539 -546
[27] 王成进,陶维青.基于ATT7022和MSP430的三相多费率电能表[J].仪器仪表用户,2005,12(4):38-39
[28] Grebenyuk G.,Solov’ev M..Continuous Price Regulation to Form the Desired Load Schedule of a Power System[J],Automation & Remote Control, May2004, 65(5):834-839
[29] Toth Endre,Franco Ana Maria Ribeiro,Debatin Rosane M..Power and Energy Reference System,Applying Dual-Channel Sampling[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, Feb2005,54(1):404-408
[30] Milkovic,Miran.A polyphase microelectronic watt-hour meter[J] , International Journal of Electronics,Mar1999,48(3):257-261
[31] Ascia G., Catania V., Palesi M., Parlato A.. Switching activity reduction in embedded systems: a genetic bus encoding approach[J]. IEE Proceedings—Computers & Digital Techniques,Nov2005,152(6):756-764
[32] 凌 志 浩 . 智 能 仪 表 原 理 与 设 计 技 术 [M]. 上 海 : 华 东 理 工 大 学 出 版社,2004:166-183
[33] 林 永 仁 . 嵌 入 式 系 统 项 目 分 析 入 门 与 实 践 [M]. 北 京 : 中 国 铁 道 出 版社,2004:62-80
[34] Loghi Mirko.Dynamic and Formal Verification of Embedded Systems: A Comparative Survey[J] . International Journal of Parallel Programming, Dec2005,33(6):585-611
[35] Talpin Jean-Pierre, Guernic Paul, Shukla Sandeep, Gupta Rajesh. A Compositional Behavioral Modeling Framework for Embedded System Design and Conformance Checking[J]. International Journal of Parallel Programming,Dec2005, 33(6):613-643
[36] 陶永法,徐健,黄刚.多费率分时电能表数据通讯的设计[J].电测与仪表,2004,(11):59-61
[37] 鞠洪石,李书全,李世斌.关于电能表自动抄表系统的几点思考[J].电力设备,2004,(4):8-10
[38] 潘贞存,陈青,王葱,赵宝光.含有谐波的交流电气信号的测量与计算.中国电力,1997,30(12):21-24
[39] 孙春桂,王占国,李杏春.多功能电能表及其抄表技术.北方交通大学学报,1998,22(12): 34-40
[40] 杨体.对常见窃电现象的分析[J].电工技术,2001,(4):23-24
[41] 邱关源.电路[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1978: 304-396
[42] 程海花.基于电能采集与分析系统的窃电检测的研究. [武汉大学硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉大学,2002:6-7
[43] 马利人.无功电能测量新技术.哈尔滨:电测与仪表,2002,23(7):23-26
[44] 韩松林,汤凌.三相电能表的错接线及其对电量计量的影响,电测与仪表,1991(1):19
[45] 唐寅生.一种分功率因数电能表.电力设备市场,2007,8(11):113
[46] 宋晓林,刘君华.具有互操作性的新一代电能表通信协议标准.电力系统通信,2004,46(4):38-42
[2] 唐统一,赵伟.电测与仪表技术的回顾和展望.电测与仪表,2000,10(1) : 5- 11
[3] 赵伟,庞海波,刘灿涛.电能表技术的发展历程.电测与仪表,1999,36(6): 4-8
[4] 陈向群.电能计量技能考核培训教材.北京:中国电力出版社,2003:86-98
[5] 赵四海.高精度电能表的研制:[华东理工大学硕士学位论文].上海:华东理工大学,2003:1-4
[6] 郑东海.新型三相复费率网络化多功能电能表的研究:[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2005:1-5
[7] Pejic Dragan,Vujicic Vladimir.Accuracy Limit of High-Precision Stochastic Watt-Hour Meter[J],IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, Jun2000, 49(3):617-620
[8] Chia-Lin Yang. Software-Controlled Cache Architecture for Energy Efficiency[J], IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems for Video Technology, May2005, 15(5):634-644
[9] Daniel Lewis. Fundamentals of embedded software where C and Assembly meet[M].USA:Pearson Education,2002:87-96
[10] 汪国林.基于 MSP430 的数字电能表的设计技术研究:[合肥工业大学硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学,2004:8-13
[11] 刘建民. 电测仪表与电能计量.北京:中国电力出版社,1998:86-87 彭时雄.交流电能(电功率)测量综合误差的测试计算及改进技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002:前言
[12] 陈 希 武 , 胡 博 . 电 子 式 电 能 表 的 设 计 与 实 现 . 中 国 计 量 学 院 学 报1996,12(1):39-41
[13] 彭时雄.交流电能(电功率)测量综合误差的测试计算及改进技术.北京:中国电力出版社,2002:前言
[14] 万全.新型多用户电子式电能表的研究与设计. [湖南大学硕士学位论文].长沙:湖南大学,2004:9-21
[15] 柴书常. Δ?ΣAD转换器浅解.石油仪器,2000,6(14):4-8
[16] 郭松林,张礼勇,林海军. Σ?ΔA/D转换器的原理及分析.电测与仪表,2002,39(11):20-24
[17] 史旭光.基于MSP430的多功能电能表的研究.[哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔工业大学,2003:38-39
[18] 顾海洲,马双武.PCB电磁兼容技术—设计实践.北京:清华大学出版社,2004:88-90
[19] 尹斌,王惠庆,王标.电能表自动抄表系统.电测与仪表,1995,23(2): 8-12
[20] 孙晓东.0.2S级三相电子式多功能电能表的设计. [哈尔滨理工大学工程硕士学位论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2003:21-22
[21] 董书友.基于专用DSP芯片的三相多功能电能表的研制. [北方交通大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京交通大学,2001:49-51
[22] 李田雨,金新民.TDK6513型电能测量电路的原理及应用.国外电子元器件,2006,(7):50-52
[23] Bernhard Mund, Berkenhoff & Drebes GmbH(Bedea). Fast fourier transformation testing of structural retun loss during extrusion of insulation[J]. Wire Industry ,1997,88(7):397-401
[24] Heideman MT, Johnson DH , Burrus CS .Gauss and the history of the fast Fourier transform. Archive for History of Exact Sciences,1985,34( 3):265-27
[25] 张殿明.多用户柜式电能表的研制及恶性负载识别技术的研究. [山东科技硕士学位论文].济南:山东科技大学,2005:46-48
[26]Das, S.R. Self-testing of cores-based embedded systems with built-in hardware[J], IEEE Proceedings--Circuits,Devices & Systems, Oct2005, 152(5): 539 -546
[27] 王成进,陶维青.基于ATT7022和MSP430的三相多费率电能表[J].仪器仪表用户,2005,12(4):38-39
[28] Grebenyuk G.,Solov’ev M..Continuous Price Regulation to Form the Desired Load Schedule of a Power System[J],Automation & Remote Control, May2004, 65(5):834-839
[29] Toth Endre,Franco Ana Maria Ribeiro,Debatin Rosane M..Power and Energy Reference System,Applying Dual-Channel Sampling[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement, Feb2005,54(1):404-408
[30] Milkovic,Miran.A polyphase microelectronic watt-hour meter[J] , International Journal of Electronics,Mar1999,48(3):257-261
[31] Ascia G., Catania V., Palesi M., Parlato A.. Switching activity reduction in embedded systems: a genetic bus encoding approach[J]. IEE Proceedings—Computers & Digital Techniques,Nov2005,152(6):756-764
[32] 凌 志 浩 . 智 能 仪 表 原 理 与 设 计 技 术 [M]. 上 海 : 华 东 理 工 大 学 出 版社,2004:166-183
[33] 林 永 仁 . 嵌 入 式 系 统 项 目 分 析 入 门 与 实 践 [M]. 北 京 : 中 国 铁 道 出 版社,2004:62-80
[34] Loghi Mirko.Dynamic and Formal Verification of Embedded Systems: A Comparative Survey[J] . International Journal of Parallel Programming, Dec2005,33(6):585-611
[35] Talpin Jean-Pierre, Guernic Paul, Shukla Sandeep, Gupta Rajesh. A Compositional Behavioral Modeling Framework for Embedded System Design and Conformance Checking[J]. International Journal of Parallel Programming,Dec2005, 33(6):613-643
[36] 陶永法,徐健,黄刚.多费率分时电能表数据通讯的设计[J].电测与仪表,2004,(11):59-61
[37] 鞠洪石,李书全,李世斌.关于电能表自动抄表系统的几点思考[J].电力设备,2004,(4):8-10
[38] 潘贞存,陈青,王葱,赵宝光.含有谐波的交流电气信号的测量与计算.中国电力,1997,30(12):21-24
[39] 孙春桂,王占国,李杏春.多功能电能表及其抄表技术.北方交通大学学报,1998,22(12): 34-40
[40] 杨体.对常见窃电现象的分析[J].电工技术,2001,(4):23-24
[41] 邱关源.电路[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1978: 304-396
[42] 程海花.基于电能采集与分析系统的窃电检测的研究. [武汉大学硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉大学,2002:6-7
[43] 马利人.无功电能测量新技术.哈尔滨:电测与仪表,2002,23(7):23-26
[44] 韩松林,汤凌.三相电能表的错接线及其对电量计量的影响,电测与仪表,1991(1):19
[45] 唐寅生.一种分功率因数电能表.电力设备市场,2007,8(11):113
[46] 宋晓林,刘君华.具有互操作性的新一代电能表通信协议标准.电力系统通信,2004,46(4):38-42