泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带稠油成因及油源对比
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摘要
稠油及特稠油作为非常规油气资源,在石油工业中的地位和作用越来越重要。本文充分利用石油地质学和油气地球化学相关理论,系统分析泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带稠油特征,在此基础上查明泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带稠油成因并进行油源对比。为该地区及相似地区油气勘探开发提供一定的科学依据。
本文将泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带分为杨楼-王集-新庄和古城-井楼两个地区,分别对各地区稠油地球化学特征进行研究,认为北部斜坡带稠油主要有两种类型：一类为以原生成因为主,兼有生物降解等次生变化影响的混合型稠油,主要为杨楼地区稠油；另一类是以生物降解作用变化为主要次生稠化因素形成的次生降解型稠油,新庄、古城和井楼地区均为此类型。根据原油遭受的生物降解程度结合稠油地化特征把泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带稠油划分为轻微降解稠油(相当于国外划分的1-3级)、中等降解稠油(相当于国外划分的4-5级)、严重降解稠油(相当于国外划分的6-7级)和非常严重降解稠油(相当于国外划分的8级以上)。
轻微降解稠油(1-3级),该类稠油正构烷烃受到一定的生物降解,但正构烷烃以及链状类异戊二烯烃仍可辨析,饱和烃气相色谱图一般以甾烷、萜烷为主峰,β-胡萝卜烷含量也较高。这类稠油主要分布于泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带杨楼地区(泌276井、杨21218井、杨3515井和杨J3624井)。
中等降解稠油(4-5级),该类稠油的正构烷烃基本上被生物降解消耗掉,从饱和烃气相色谱图上仅能大致看出链状类异戊二烯烃,但甾烷和萜烷类仍然保存完整,基本上以它们为主峰,β-胡萝卜烷含量也显得非常高,未能检测到25-降藿烷。这类稠油主要分布于北部斜坡带的杨楼地区(杨50714井)、新庄地区(新浅25井和新5005井)、古城地区(古412井)和井楼地区(楼3917井)。
严重降解稠油(6-7级)：该类稠油中检测到25-降藿烷,规则甾烷开始受到影响,部分规则甾烷和甲基甾烷未检测到。这类稠油主要分布于泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带新庄地区(E新8井和新6164井)及井楼地区(楼1131井、楼2111井和楼J1520井)。
非常严重降解稠油(8级),这类稠油整个饱和烃色谱图中,以β-胡萝卜烷为主峰,正构烷烃无法辨认,甚至连规则甾烷、甲基甾烷和25-降藿烷都未能检测到,C30藿烷明显降低。这类稠油主要分布于北部斜坡带杨楼地区(杨1900井)、新庄地区(新5005井)、古城地区(古574井、古580井)和井楼地区(楼3913井)。
由于泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带稠油遭受不同程度生物降解作用的特征,其部分生物标志化合物参数将不能准确反映原始地球化学信息(部分原油生物标志化合物受到降解破坏影响)。通过对国内其他凹陷和地区259个正常原油和烃源岩样品萜烷中C29藿烷与C30藿烷比值研究后,拟采用新伽马蜡烷指数[C30伽马蜡烷／(2×C29藿烷)]替代原来常用的伽马蜡烷指数(C30伽马蜡烷／C30藿烷),该参数可有效地用于生物降解稠油与正常原油间的油源对比。同时,采用(2×C24四环萜烷)/C26长链三环萜烷和C30伽马蜡烷／(2×C29藿烷)比值相关关系图版有效地区分不同地区不同层段的稠油。通过油源对比研究,得出以下结论：杨楼地区稠油为邻近地区核三下段未熟—低熟烃源岩生成的原油或混入部分深凹区成熟原油。王集和新庄地区核三上段稠油来自深凹区核三上段烃源岩,新庄地区稠油是原油经王集运移所至。王集和新庄地区核二段稠油主要为核三上段原油,但可能有深凹区核二段低熟原油的混入。古城、井楼地区核三下段稠油主要来自深凹区核三下段油源,但不排除邻近地区核三下段烃源岩的来源。古城地区核三上段稠油自南向北成熟度变低,且同时具有核三上段和核三下段油源的生标特征,为混源油,只是不同区块混入比例不同而已,自南向北核三下段混入量增多。井楼地区核三上段稠油主要为核三上段来源的成熟油,也有一定量的核三下段原油混入。
As unconventional oil and gas resources in the oil industry, heavy and extra heavy oil has being played more and more important position and role. Sufficiently useing the theory of petroleum geology and geochemistry, in this dissertation I have systematically analysised the characteristics of heavy oil samples in the North Slope of the Biyang Depression. Based on the identification of these characteristics, can we carry out heavy oil-oil and oil-source correlation. The results might provide a scientific basis for oil and gas exploration and development both in the region and similar areas.
In this article, the North Slope of Biyang Depression has been divides into two zones to study, including Yanglou-Wangji-Xinzhuang zone and Gucheng-Jinglou zone. We have researched the regionally geochemical characteristics of heavy oil samples which collected from two regions. The consequence, originated from respectively geochemical characteristics of heavy oil samples, illuminated that there are two main types of heavy oil the North Slope.One type was the mixed heavy oil that was basically created by the original changes, which mixed with both biodegradable and other secondary changes. This kind of heavy oil mainly distributed in Yanglou zone. The other type was densified secondary factors, particularly biological degradation. This biological degraded type appeared in the Xinzhuang zone, Gucheng zone and Jinglou zone. According to the biodegraded degree, combined with the geochemical characteristics, the heavy oil samples were classified for four groups:slightly biodegraded heavy oil (1～3 grade), moderately biodegraded heavy oil (4～5 grade), severely biodegraded heavy oil (6～7 grade), extremely biodegraded heavy oil (8 grade).
Slightly biodegraded heavy oil (1～3 grade). N-alkanes in such heavy oil was subject to certain biodegradation, but the chain n-alkanes and isoprenoid hydrocarbons can be recognized. Steranes and terpane constituted the main peak of gas chromatogram. The content of (3-carotane was also high. This type of heavy oil mainly distributed in Biyang Yanglou zone of the northern slope (Bi 276 well, Yang 21218 well, Yang J3624 well and Yang 3515 well).
Moderately biodegraded heavy oil (4～5 grade). N-alkanes in such heavy oil have been essentially degraded. The gas chromatogram roughly showed the chain of isoprenoids. But the series of steranes and terpane were remainly intact. They basically composed the main peak of gas chromatogram.β-carotane was visibly high.25-norhopane did not be detected. This type of heavy oil mainly distributed in Yanglou zone (Yang 50714 well), Xinzhuang zone (Xinqian 25 well and Xin 5005 well), Gucheng zone (Gu 412 well) and Jinglou zone (Lou 3917 well).
Severely biodegraded heavy oil (6～7 grade). N-alkanes in such heavy oil almost disappeared.25-norhopane was detected markedly. The series of steranes and terpane began to be affected. Some of steranes and methyl steranes were not able to be detected. This type of heavy oil mainly distributed in Xinzhuang zone (E Xin 8 well and Xin 6164 well) and Jinglou zong (Jing 1131 well, Jing2111 wells and Jing J1520 well).
Extremely biodegraded heavy oil (8 grade). In these heavy oilsβ-carotane structured the main peak of the saturated hydrocarbon chromatograms. N-alkanes could not be identified. Even steranes, methyl-steranes and 25- norhopane were not detected. The content of C3o-hopane were significantly reduced. This type of heavy oil mainly distributed in Yanglou zone (Yang 1900 well), Gucheng zone (Gu 574 well, Gu 580 well) and Jinglou (Lou 3913 well).
Due to the influtency of varying degrees of biodegradation, the characters might not reflect the originally geochemical information that contained in heavy oil from the northern slope in Biyang Depression. (Some biomarkers in crude oil were destroyed by biodegradation). We have researched ratio of C29-hopane and C3o-hopane in 259 samples of normal crude oil and source rocks, which were collected from other domestic depressions. Basis on the results, we proposed the new gammacerane index [C30-gammacerane/(2xC29-hopane)] to replace the former gammacerane index (C30-gammacerane/C30-hopane). Using the new gammacerane index, we efficiently identified the oil-source correlation between the biodegraded heavy oil and normal crude oil. At the same time, we have designed a related diagram, which consisted of (2x C24 tetracyclic terpane)/C26-long-chain tricyclic terpane ratio as X axis and C30-Gammacerane/(2x C29-hopane) ratio as Y axis.The related plates accurately distinguished the heavy oil created from different layers in different regions. Through the oil-source correlation studies, it draw the following conclusions:the heavy oil of Yanglouzone derived from the immature to low-mature source rocks of lower Eh3 section in near area or mixed with some of mature crude oil from deep- depression district. The heavy oil of upper Eh3 section in Wangji and Xinzhuang zone derived from source rocks of upper Eh3 section in deep- depression district, and Xinzhuang migrated from Wangji zone. The heavy oil of Eh2 section in Wangji and Xinzhuang zone derived from this area's source rocks of upper Eh3 section, and it may mixed with some of Eh2 low-mature crude oil from deep-depression district. The heavy oil of lower Eh3 section in Gucheng and Jinglou zone derived from the source rocks of lower Eh3 section in deep-depression district, but it could not exclude the contribution of source rocks from lower Eh3 section in near area. The maturity of upper Eh3 heavy oil decreased from south to north in Gucheng zone.It was the mixed oil that shew the characters of source rocks from the upper and lower Eh3.But the proportion was different in different area. The amount of lower Eh3, mixed into Gucheng zone, increased from the south to north. Heavy oil wells on the floor, mainly for the nuclear three-three on the origin of nuclear mature oil, but also a certain amount of crude oil mixed with the nuclear three. The heavy oil of upper Eh3 section in Jinglou zone generally derived from this area's mature source rocks of upper Eh3 section, and it also mixed with some crude oil from lower Eh3 source rocks.
本文将泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带分为杨楼-王集-新庄和古城-井楼两个地区,分别对各地区稠油地球化学特征进行研究,认为北部斜坡带稠油主要有两种类型：一类为以原生成因为主,兼有生物降解等次生变化影响的混合型稠油,主要为杨楼地区稠油；另一类是以生物降解作用变化为主要次生稠化因素形成的次生降解型稠油,新庄、古城和井楼地区均为此类型。根据原油遭受的生物降解程度结合稠油地化特征把泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带稠油划分为轻微降解稠油(相当于国外划分的1-3级)、中等降解稠油(相当于国外划分的4-5级)、严重降解稠油(相当于国外划分的6-7级)和非常严重降解稠油(相当于国外划分的8级以上)。
轻微降解稠油(1-3级),该类稠油正构烷烃受到一定的生物降解,但正构烷烃以及链状类异戊二烯烃仍可辨析,饱和烃气相色谱图一般以甾烷、萜烷为主峰,β-胡萝卜烷含量也较高。这类稠油主要分布于泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带杨楼地区(泌276井、杨21218井、杨3515井和杨J3624井)。
中等降解稠油(4-5级),该类稠油的正构烷烃基本上被生物降解消耗掉,从饱和烃气相色谱图上仅能大致看出链状类异戊二烯烃,但甾烷和萜烷类仍然保存完整,基本上以它们为主峰,β-胡萝卜烷含量也显得非常高,未能检测到25-降藿烷。这类稠油主要分布于北部斜坡带的杨楼地区(杨50714井)、新庄地区(新浅25井和新5005井)、古城地区(古412井)和井楼地区(楼3917井)。
严重降解稠油(6-7级)：该类稠油中检测到25-降藿烷,规则甾烷开始受到影响,部分规则甾烷和甲基甾烷未检测到。这类稠油主要分布于泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带新庄地区(E新8井和新6164井)及井楼地区(楼1131井、楼2111井和楼J1520井)。
非常严重降解稠油(8级),这类稠油整个饱和烃色谱图中,以β-胡萝卜烷为主峰,正构烷烃无法辨认,甚至连规则甾烷、甲基甾烷和25-降藿烷都未能检测到,C30藿烷明显降低。这类稠油主要分布于北部斜坡带杨楼地区(杨1900井)、新庄地区(新5005井)、古城地区(古574井、古580井)和井楼地区(楼3913井)。
由于泌阳凹陷北部斜坡带稠油遭受不同程度生物降解作用的特征,其部分生物标志化合物参数将不能准确反映原始地球化学信息(部分原油生物标志化合物受到降解破坏影响)。通过对国内其他凹陷和地区259个正常原油和烃源岩样品萜烷中C29藿烷与C30藿烷比值研究后,拟采用新伽马蜡烷指数[C30伽马蜡烷／(2×C29藿烷)]替代原来常用的伽马蜡烷指数(C30伽马蜡烷／C30藿烷),该参数可有效地用于生物降解稠油与正常原油间的油源对比。同时,采用(2×C24四环萜烷)/C26长链三环萜烷和C30伽马蜡烷／(2×C29藿烷)比值相关关系图版有效地区分不同地区不同层段的稠油。通过油源对比研究,得出以下结论：杨楼地区稠油为邻近地区核三下段未熟—低熟烃源岩生成的原油或混入部分深凹区成熟原油。王集和新庄地区核三上段稠油来自深凹区核三上段烃源岩,新庄地区稠油是原油经王集运移所至。王集和新庄地区核二段稠油主要为核三上段原油,但可能有深凹区核二段低熟原油的混入。古城、井楼地区核三下段稠油主要来自深凹区核三下段油源,但不排除邻近地区核三下段烃源岩的来源。古城地区核三上段稠油自南向北成熟度变低,且同时具有核三上段和核三下段油源的生标特征,为混源油,只是不同区块混入比例不同而已,自南向北核三下段混入量增多。井楼地区核三上段稠油主要为核三上段来源的成熟油,也有一定量的核三下段原油混入。
As unconventional oil and gas resources in the oil industry, heavy and extra heavy oil has being played more and more important position and role. Sufficiently useing the theory of petroleum geology and geochemistry, in this dissertation I have systematically analysised the characteristics of heavy oil samples in the North Slope of the Biyang Depression. Based on the identification of these characteristics, can we carry out heavy oil-oil and oil-source correlation. The results might provide a scientific basis for oil and gas exploration and development both in the region and similar areas.
In this article, the North Slope of Biyang Depression has been divides into two zones to study, including Yanglou-Wangji-Xinzhuang zone and Gucheng-Jinglou zone. We have researched the regionally geochemical characteristics of heavy oil samples which collected from two regions. The consequence, originated from respectively geochemical characteristics of heavy oil samples, illuminated that there are two main types of heavy oil the North Slope.One type was the mixed heavy oil that was basically created by the original changes, which mixed with both biodegradable and other secondary changes. This kind of heavy oil mainly distributed in Yanglou zone. The other type was densified secondary factors, particularly biological degradation. This biological degraded type appeared in the Xinzhuang zone, Gucheng zone and Jinglou zone. According to the biodegraded degree, combined with the geochemical characteristics, the heavy oil samples were classified for four groups:slightly biodegraded heavy oil (1～3 grade), moderately biodegraded heavy oil (4～5 grade), severely biodegraded heavy oil (6～7 grade), extremely biodegraded heavy oil (8 grade).
Slightly biodegraded heavy oil (1～3 grade). N-alkanes in such heavy oil was subject to certain biodegradation, but the chain n-alkanes and isoprenoid hydrocarbons can be recognized. Steranes and terpane constituted the main peak of gas chromatogram. The content of (3-carotane was also high. This type of heavy oil mainly distributed in Biyang Yanglou zone of the northern slope (Bi 276 well, Yang 21218 well, Yang J3624 well and Yang 3515 well).
Moderately biodegraded heavy oil (4～5 grade). N-alkanes in such heavy oil have been essentially degraded. The gas chromatogram roughly showed the chain of isoprenoids. But the series of steranes and terpane were remainly intact. They basically composed the main peak of gas chromatogram.β-carotane was visibly high.25-norhopane did not be detected. This type of heavy oil mainly distributed in Yanglou zone (Yang 50714 well), Xinzhuang zone (Xinqian 25 well and Xin 5005 well), Gucheng zone (Gu 412 well) and Jinglou zone (Lou 3917 well).
Severely biodegraded heavy oil (6～7 grade). N-alkanes in such heavy oil almost disappeared.25-norhopane was detected markedly. The series of steranes and terpane began to be affected. Some of steranes and methyl steranes were not able to be detected. This type of heavy oil mainly distributed in Xinzhuang zone (E Xin 8 well and Xin 6164 well) and Jinglou zong (Jing 1131 well, Jing2111 wells and Jing J1520 well).
Extremely biodegraded heavy oil (8 grade). In these heavy oilsβ-carotane structured the main peak of the saturated hydrocarbon chromatograms. N-alkanes could not be identified. Even steranes, methyl-steranes and 25- norhopane were not detected. The content of C3o-hopane were significantly reduced. This type of heavy oil mainly distributed in Yanglou zone (Yang 1900 well), Gucheng zone (Gu 574 well, Gu 580 well) and Jinglou (Lou 3913 well).
Due to the influtency of varying degrees of biodegradation, the characters might not reflect the originally geochemical information that contained in heavy oil from the northern slope in Biyang Depression. (Some biomarkers in crude oil were destroyed by biodegradation). We have researched ratio of C29-hopane and C3o-hopane in 259 samples of normal crude oil and source rocks, which were collected from other domestic depressions. Basis on the results, we proposed the new gammacerane index [C30-gammacerane/(2xC29-hopane)] to replace the former gammacerane index (C30-gammacerane/C30-hopane). Using the new gammacerane index, we efficiently identified the oil-source correlation between the biodegraded heavy oil and normal crude oil. At the same time, we have designed a related diagram, which consisted of (2x C24 tetracyclic terpane)/C26-long-chain tricyclic terpane ratio as X axis and C30-Gammacerane/(2x C29-hopane) ratio as Y axis.The related plates accurately distinguished the heavy oil created from different layers in different regions. Through the oil-source correlation studies, it draw the following conclusions:the heavy oil of Yanglouzone derived from the immature to low-mature source rocks of lower Eh3 section in near area or mixed with some of mature crude oil from deep- depression district. The heavy oil of upper Eh3 section in Wangji and Xinzhuang zone derived from source rocks of upper Eh3 section in deep- depression district, and Xinzhuang migrated from Wangji zone. The heavy oil of Eh2 section in Wangji and Xinzhuang zone derived from this area's source rocks of upper Eh3 section, and it may mixed with some of Eh2 low-mature crude oil from deep-depression district. The heavy oil of lower Eh3 section in Gucheng and Jinglou zone derived from the source rocks of lower Eh3 section in deep-depression district, but it could not exclude the contribution of source rocks from lower Eh3 section in near area. The maturity of upper Eh3 heavy oil decreased from south to north in Gucheng zone.It was the mixed oil that shew the characters of source rocks from the upper and lower Eh3.But the proportion was different in different area. The amount of lower Eh3, mixed into Gucheng zone, increased from the south to north. Heavy oil wells on the floor, mainly for the nuclear three-three on the origin of nuclear mature oil, but also a certain amount of crude oil mixed with the nuclear three. The heavy oil of upper Eh3 section in Jinglou zone generally derived from this area's mature source rocks of upper Eh3 section, and it also mixed with some crude oil from lower Eh3 source rocks.
引文
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