左手介质贴片天线小型化研究
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摘要
左手介质,又称异向媒质,负折射率介质等,我们可以将其归为超常媒质的一类。左手介质是近年来出现的一种新型人工电磁媒质,它的特点是在某些频段同时具有负介电常数和负磁导率。对于许多常规媒质来说,实现负折射是不可企及的。然而,左手介质能够轻易实现负折射等电磁特性,在传感器、移相器、耦合器、滤波器、谐振器及雷达等领域具有良好的使用价值。
本文将左手介质引入到微带贴片天线的设计中,构造了低剖面、小型化的左手介质贴片天线,并研究了贴片天线小型化后的新型辐射模式。该种贴片天线的中心频率定在L、P波段之间。
在此类左手介质小型化贴片天线的设计中,我们没有增加任何如阻抗变换器等类似的匹配网络来进行天线的阻抗匹配,而是直接以微带馈电的形式来加以实现,使得模型比较简单。
本文首先介绍了左手介质单元以及微带贴片天线的相关理论,并整理了开口谐振环的等效电路模型。本文主要以互补开口谐振环(complementarysplitringresonator,CSRR)地板蚀刻的方式,给出了左手介质贴片天线的基本模型,并对其工作特性进行了研究,且着重就模型的各个参量对天线性能的影响进行了详细分析。
其次,本文针对基本模型的结果,建立了多种新型左手介质贴片天线模型,对影响左手介质贴片天线工作特性的主要参量进行了仿真计算和优化,确立了一套快速设计天线的基本方法。
最后,对左手介质贴片天线的优势进行了总结,并提出对左手介质贴片天线应用未来前景的看法。
本文设计的小型化左手介质贴片天线,满足天线的基本带宽要求,增益也能够满足特定的需要,且物理尺寸较原有普通贴片天线小25%-50%,实现了小型化的预期指标。在此基础上,我们又设计了多种形式的左手介质贴片天线,能够满足一些特定的需求,比如对频率进行微小的调整,实现双频或多频工作,工作频率处带宽展宽等。每一种形式的天线都有着各自的作用。
本文研究的天线样式多,覆盖广,不仅完整的阐述了左手介质贴片天线的工作机理,也为实际加工做了铺垫。本文内容既可以为左手介质理论的发展提供较基础和详细的思路,也能够为其他研究人员提供借鉴意义。
Left-handed material, also known as the anisotropic material, or negativerefractive index material, we can classified it as metamaterial category. Left-handedmaterial is a new type of artificial electromagnetic media which appears in recentyears.It is characterized it has both negative permittivity and negativepermeabilityby in certain frequency band.To some conventional materials,therealization of negative refraction is unattainable. However,left-handed material caneasily achieve negative refraction of electromagnetic properties, which can be veryuseful in sensors, phase shifters, couplers, filters, resonators, radar and other fields.Left-handed material is introduced into the design of microstrip patchantenna,which aims to construct Left-handed material patch antenna with lowprofile, miniaturized size, and research novel antenna radiation patterns afterminiaturized.Center frequency of those patch antennas are set between L andP-band.
In the design of Left-handed material miniaturized patch antenna, we did notadd any compelex matching network to achive Line impedance matching of theantenna, such as impedance converter,but directly use the microstrip line, makingthe model relatively simple.
This paper introduces the theories on Left-handed material units and microstrippatch antenna, and organizes equivalent circuit models of split ring resonators.Thispaper mainly uses complementary split ring resonators etching to the groud to givebasic model of miniaturized patch antenna.Its operating characteristics are studiedand we focus on the various model parameters and analyse in detail on the antennaperformance.
Secondly, following the results of the basic model,various construction of novelLeft-handed material miniaturized patch antennas are proposed.we also discuss theinfluence of the main model parameters which was simulated and optimized to thecharacteristics of antennas,and establish fast and basic methods to design antennas.
Finally, the advantages of left-handed material patch antenna are summarized,and furture applications of those patch antennas are put forward.
The proposed left-handed material miniaturized patch antennas meet therequirements of basic bandwidth,and available gain for specific need.Their Physicalsize are 25%-50% smaller than the original regular patch antenna,and they achievethe expected miniaturization. Besaed on them, we designed multi-forms ofleft-handed material patch antennas, to meet specific needs.For example,by addingsubtle adjustments to the frequency and achieving dual-band or multi-operation frequency , even widening frequency bandwidth. Each form of the antennas all hasrespective characteristics.
In this paper, with various antennas covering a wide exposition of styles,we notonly elaborate working mechanism of left-handed material miniaturized patchantenna, but also process foreshadowing for practical machining.This content canprovide the basis and detailed theory for development of left-handed material, andcan also provide reference for other researchers.
本文将左手介质引入到微带贴片天线的设计中,构造了低剖面、小型化的左手介质贴片天线,并研究了贴片天线小型化后的新型辐射模式。该种贴片天线的中心频率定在L、P波段之间。
在此类左手介质小型化贴片天线的设计中,我们没有增加任何如阻抗变换器等类似的匹配网络来进行天线的阻抗匹配,而是直接以微带馈电的形式来加以实现,使得模型比较简单。
本文首先介绍了左手介质单元以及微带贴片天线的相关理论,并整理了开口谐振环的等效电路模型。本文主要以互补开口谐振环(complementarysplitringresonator,CSRR)地板蚀刻的方式,给出了左手介质贴片天线的基本模型,并对其工作特性进行了研究,且着重就模型的各个参量对天线性能的影响进行了详细分析。
其次,本文针对基本模型的结果,建立了多种新型左手介质贴片天线模型,对影响左手介质贴片天线工作特性的主要参量进行了仿真计算和优化,确立了一套快速设计天线的基本方法。
最后,对左手介质贴片天线的优势进行了总结,并提出对左手介质贴片天线应用未来前景的看法。
本文设计的小型化左手介质贴片天线,满足天线的基本带宽要求,增益也能够满足特定的需要,且物理尺寸较原有普通贴片天线小25%-50%,实现了小型化的预期指标。在此基础上,我们又设计了多种形式的左手介质贴片天线,能够满足一些特定的需求,比如对频率进行微小的调整,实现双频或多频工作,工作频率处带宽展宽等。每一种形式的天线都有着各自的作用。
本文研究的天线样式多,覆盖广,不仅完整的阐述了左手介质贴片天线的工作机理,也为实际加工做了铺垫。本文内容既可以为左手介质理论的发展提供较基础和详细的思路,也能够为其他研究人员提供借鉴意义。
Left-handed material, also known as the anisotropic material, or negativerefractive index material, we can classified it as metamaterial category. Left-handedmaterial is a new type of artificial electromagnetic media which appears in recentyears.It is characterized it has both negative permittivity and negativepermeabilityby in certain frequency band.To some conventional materials,therealization of negative refraction is unattainable. However,left-handed material caneasily achieve negative refraction of electromagnetic properties, which can be veryuseful in sensors, phase shifters, couplers, filters, resonators, radar and other fields.Left-handed material is introduced into the design of microstrip patchantenna,which aims to construct Left-handed material patch antenna with lowprofile, miniaturized size, and research novel antenna radiation patterns afterminiaturized.Center frequency of those patch antennas are set between L andP-band.
In the design of Left-handed material miniaturized patch antenna, we did notadd any compelex matching network to achive Line impedance matching of theantenna, such as impedance converter,but directly use the microstrip line, makingthe model relatively simple.
This paper introduces the theories on Left-handed material units and microstrippatch antenna, and organizes equivalent circuit models of split ring resonators.Thispaper mainly uses complementary split ring resonators etching to the groud to givebasic model of miniaturized patch antenna.Its operating characteristics are studiedand we focus on the various model parameters and analyse in detail on the antennaperformance.
Secondly, following the results of the basic model,various construction of novelLeft-handed material miniaturized patch antennas are proposed.we also discuss theinfluence of the main model parameters which was simulated and optimized to thecharacteristics of antennas,and establish fast and basic methods to design antennas.
Finally, the advantages of left-handed material patch antenna are summarized,and furture applications of those patch antennas are put forward.
The proposed left-handed material miniaturized patch antennas meet therequirements of basic bandwidth,and available gain for specific need.Their Physicalsize are 25%-50% smaller than the original regular patch antenna,and they achievethe expected miniaturization. Besaed on them, we designed multi-forms ofleft-handed material patch antennas, to meet specific needs.For example,by addingsubtle adjustments to the frequency and achieving dual-band or multi-operation frequency , even widening frequency bandwidth. Each form of the antennas all hasrespective characteristics.
In this paper, with various antennas covering a wide exposition of styles,we notonly elaborate working mechanism of left-handed material miniaturized patchantenna, but also process foreshadowing for practical machining.This content canprovide the basis and detailed theory for development of left-handed material, andcan also provide reference for other researchers.
引文
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[3] Leonhardt U. Optical cinformal mapping[J]. Science, 2006, 312: 1777-1780
[4] Feise M W, Bevelacqua P J, Schneider J B. Effects of surface waves onbehavior of perfect lenses[J]. Physical Review B, 2002, 66: 0351135
[5] Hoang Van Nguyen, Christophe Caloz. Generalized Coupled-Mode Approachof Metamaterial Coupled-Line Couplers: Coupleing Theory, PhenomenologicalExplanation, and Experimental Demonstration[J]. IEEE Transactions onMicrowave Theory and Technoques, 2007, 55(5): 1029-1039
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[7] A.Glubokov, D.Budimir. Compact Multilayer SRR-Loaded IntegratedWaveguide Filters on Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate[C]. Antennas andPropagation Society International Symposium, 2008: 1-4
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[2] I.V.Shadrivov, A.A.Zharov, Y.S.Kivshar. Giant Goos-Hanchen effect at reflectionfrom left-handed metamaterials[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2003, 83:2713-2715
[3] Leonhardt U. Optical cinformal mapping[J]. Science, 2006, 312: 1777-1780
[4] Feise M W, Bevelacqua P J, Schneider J B. Effects of surface waves onbehavior of perfect lenses[J]. Physical Review B, 2002, 66: 0351135
[5] Hoang Van Nguyen, Christophe Caloz. Generalized Coupled-Mode Approachof Metamaterial Coupled-Line Couplers: Coupleing Theory, PhenomenologicalExplanation, and Experimental Demonstration[J]. IEEE Transactions onMicrowave Theory and Technoques, 2007, 55(5): 1029-1039
[6] Alexandre Dupuy, Ajay Gummalla, Maha Achour, Greogory Poilasne.Compact Single and Dual Band Zero-degree Metamaterial N-way RadialPower Combiner/Divider[C]. Microwave Symposium Digest, 2008: 659-662
[7] A.Glubokov, D.Budimir. Compact Multilayer SRR-Loaded IntegratedWaveguide Filters on Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate[C]. Antennas andPropagation Society International Symposium, 2008: 1-4
[8] VedVyas Dwivedi, YP Kosta Rajeev Jyoti. An Investigation on Design andApplication Issues of Miniaturized Compact Microstrip Patch antennas for RFWireless Communication Systems using Metamaterials[C]. IEEE InternationalRf and Microvwave Conference Proceedings, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA,2008: 226-232
[9] Taehee Jang, Sungjoon Lim. A Novel Broadband Co-Planar Waveguide (CPW)Zeroth Order Resonant Antenna[C]. ASIA PACIFIC MICROWAVECONFERENCE, 2009, 1(5): 52-55.
[10] Jianing Zhao, Jue Wang. Correlation Reduction in Antennas with MetamaterialBased on Newly Designed SRRs. Asia-Pacific International Symposium onElectromagnetic Compatibility[C], April, Beijing, China, 2010: 981-984.
[11] Jeongpyo Kim, Jaehoon Choi. Dual Band MIMO Antenna using ENG zerothorder resonator for 4G System[C]. IEEE International Workshop On AntennaTechnology: Small Antenna and Novel Metamaterials (IWAT)2009: 188-191
[12] Eberspacher MA, Eibert TF.A. Narrow Via-free Composite Right/Left-HandedLeaky Wave Antenna with Low Cross-Polarization[C]. IEEE Antennas andPropagation Society International Symposium, 2010: 1 - 4
[13] Daisuke Taema, Atsushi Sanada, and Hiroshi Kubo. Composite Right/Left-HandedWaveguide Beam-Steering Leaky-Wave Antennas Using a Cut-OffWaveguide and Short-Ended Stubs[C]. Asia Pacific Microwave ConferenceProceedings, 2008: 879-882
[14] Liebig T, Rennings A, Otto S. Comparison Between CRLH Zeroth-OrderAntenna and Series-Fed Microstrip Patch Array Antenna[C]. 3rd EuropeanConference on Antennas and Propagation, 2009, 1-6: 491-494
[15] V.G.Veselago. The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously negativevalues ofεandμ[C]. Sov. Phys. Usp, 1968, 10(4): 509-514
[16] Pendry J B, Holden A J, Robbins D J, Stewart W J. Magnetism fromConductors and Enhanced Nonlinear Phenomena[J]. IEEE Transactions onMicrowave Theory and Techniques, 1999, 47: 2075-2084.
[17] Kong J A, Wu B I, Zhang Y. Lateral displacement of a Gaussian beam reflectedfrom a grounded slab with negative permittivity and permeability[J]. AppliedPhysics Letters, 2002, 80(12): 2084-2086
[18] Shelby R A, Smith D R, Nemat-Nasser S C. Microwave transmission through atwo-dimensional,isotropic, left-handed metamaterial[J]. Applied PhysicsLetters, 2001, 78: 489-491
[19] Anthony Grbic, Elefthiades G Y. Experimental verifcation of backward-waveradiation from a negative refrative index metamaterial[J]. Journal of AppliedPhysics, 2002, 92(10): 5930-5935
[20] Lyer A K, Eleftheriades G Y. Negative refractive index metamaterialssupporting 2-D waves[C]. IEEE MIT-S Int, Microwave Symp,2009: 1067-1070
[21] Marta Gil, Jordi Bonache, Jordi Selga. Broadband Resonant-Type MetamaterialTransmission Lines[J]. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters,2007, 17(2): 97-99
[22] Q.Cheng, T.J.Cui. Lateral Shifts of Optical Beams on the Interface ofAnisotropic Metamaterial[J].Journal of Applied Physics, 2006, 99(6): 1-3
[23] W.B.Lu, T.J.Cui, Z.G.Qian, X.X.Yin, W.Hong. Accurate Analysis ofLarge-Scale Periodic Structures Using an Efficient Sub-Entire-Domain BasisFunction Method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2004,52(11): 3078-3085
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