快速产品创新的加速因素研究
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摘要
本文以研究我国高技术企业实施快速产品创新的实践意义为主题，探索了通过科学的管理方式加快新产品开发速度的有效方法及系统实施框架。全文的研究共分三大部分：理论导出、实证研究、结论与启示。
在理论导出部分，本文首先提出了快速创新与时基竞争的由来，以及我国高技术企业产品创新存在的主要问题。接着，通过对国外诸多专家学者关于快速创新研究成果的学习与总结，在吸收前人成果精华的同时，针对其中的不足之处，结合我国高技术企业的现实状况，形成了本文的主导研究思想，提出了相应的理论假设和研究模型。
在实证研究部分，作者通过对国内八个城市(北京、济南、青岛、杭州、宁波、上海、广州和深圳)四十家大型高新技术企业调查问卷收集的定量分析，提出了适合我国高技术企业产品快速创新的五维加速因素实施模型(战略、组织、人员、流程和支持系统)以及具体的操作方法，并进一步验证了我国高技术企业实施快速创新能够显著提高新产品绩效，进而提高企业竞争优势的有效性。随后，作者给出了本文关于快速产品创新研究的综合实证结论，并依据相关结论对理论模型进行了完善。
在结论与启示部分，针对本文研究的结论，提出了我国高技术企业快速产品创新的实施框架与若干建议。
This paper focuses on the issue of how to accelerate product innovation in China High-Tech Enterprises, and explores the methods and techniques that are in favor of accelerating product innovation. The whole paper includes three parts: theoretical discussion, empirical research and study conclusion.
In the first part, the paper begins with the introduction of Fast Product Innovation , Time-based Competition and the main problems in product innovation efficiency of our High-Tech Enterprises. Then,on the basis of many foreign scholars'conclusions, the author puts forward series of theoretical hypothesizes and build the theoretical model.
In the second part, according to the quantative study on more than forty High-Tech Enterprises in eight cities including BeiJing, JiNan,QingDao,HangZhou, NingBo,ShangHai,GuangZhou and ShenZhen,the author puts forward a five-dimensional accelerating methods model and the way of operation. And then, the author validate validity of fast innovation in improving new product performance. According to the conclusion, the paper renews it's academic system.
In the end of this paper, the limitations and highlights of the whole research are outlaid, the implication and further research are discussed.
在理论导出部分，本文首先提出了快速创新与时基竞争的由来，以及我国高技术企业产品创新存在的主要问题。接着，通过对国外诸多专家学者关于快速创新研究成果的学习与总结，在吸收前人成果精华的同时，针对其中的不足之处，结合我国高技术企业的现实状况，形成了本文的主导研究思想，提出了相应的理论假设和研究模型。
在实证研究部分，作者通过对国内八个城市(北京、济南、青岛、杭州、宁波、上海、广州和深圳)四十家大型高新技术企业调查问卷收集的定量分析，提出了适合我国高技术企业产品快速创新的五维加速因素实施模型(战略、组织、人员、流程和支持系统)以及具体的操作方法，并进一步验证了我国高技术企业实施快速创新能够显著提高新产品绩效，进而提高企业竞争优势的有效性。随后，作者给出了本文关于快速产品创新研究的综合实证结论，并依据相关结论对理论模型进行了完善。
在结论与启示部分，针对本文研究的结论，提出了我国高技术企业快速产品创新的实施框架与若干建议。
This paper focuses on the issue of how to accelerate product innovation in China High-Tech Enterprises, and explores the methods and techniques that are in favor of accelerating product innovation. The whole paper includes three parts: theoretical discussion, empirical research and study conclusion.
In the first part, the paper begins with the introduction of Fast Product Innovation , Time-based Competition and the main problems in product innovation efficiency of our High-Tech Enterprises. Then,on the basis of many foreign scholars'conclusions, the author puts forward series of theoretical hypothesizes and build the theoretical model.
In the second part, according to the quantative study on more than forty High-Tech Enterprises in eight cities including BeiJing, JiNan,QingDao,HangZhou, NingBo,ShangHai,GuangZhou and ShenZhen,the author puts forward a five-dimensional accelerating methods model and the way of operation. And then, the author validate validity of fast innovation in improving new product performance. According to the conclusion, the paper renews it's academic system.
In the end of this paper, the limitations and highlights of the whole research are outlaid, the implication and further research are discussed.
引文
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[2].Bierly, P. and Chakrabarti, A. K, Determinants of technology cycle time in the U.S. pharmaceutical industry. R&D Management 26, 115-126 1996
[3].Bower, J. L. and Hout, T. M. Fast-cycle capability for competitive power. Harvard Business Review 66, 110-118 1988
[4].Brown, S.L.,Eisenhardt,K.M., Product Development:Past Research, Present Findings, and Future Directions. Acad.Management Rev.20,343-378 1995.
[5].Brown, W. B. and Karagozoglu, N. Leading the way to faster new product development. Academy of Management Executive 7:36-47 1993
[6].Burgelman, R. A., Maidique, M. A. and Wheelwright, S. C. Creating and implementing a development strategy. In: Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation. Chicago: Irwin, 1996, pp. 657-673.
[7].Burkart, R. E. Reducing R&D cycle time. Research Technology Management 37:27-31 1994
[8].Carmel, E.,Cycle Time in Packaged Software Firms. The Journal of Product Innovation Management 12(1),1-14. 1995
[9].Clark, K. and Fujimoto, T. Product Development Performance. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1991.
[10].Cohen, W. M. and Levinthal, D. A. Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 35:128-152 1990.
[11].Cooper, R.G.,Third-Generation Stage-Gate Systems, The Journal of Product Innovation Management. 1995
[12].Cooper, R. G. and Kleinschmidt, E. J. Determinants of timeliness in product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management 11:381-396 1994
[13].Cooper, R. G. Winning at New Products: Accelerating the Process from Idea to Launch. Addison-Wesley Publishing Comp., Reading, MA, 1993.
[14].Cordero, R. Managing for speed to avoid product obsolescence: A survey of
techniques. Journal of Product Innovation Management 8:1991
[15].Crawford, C. M. The hidden costs of accelerated product development. Journal of.Product Innovation Management 9:188-199 1992
[16].Damanpour, F. Organizational innovation: A meta-analysis of effects of determinants and moderators. Academy of Management Journal 34:555-590 1991.
[17].Dave Distel, Deb Myers, Leadership and strategic planning: Keys to success in a changing environment, Quality Congress. ASQ's Annual Quality Congress Proceedings 2002
[18].Day, G. The capabilities of market-driven organizations. Journal of Marketing 58:37-52 1994.
[19].Deschamps, J. P. and Nayak, P. R. Competing through products: Lessons from the winners. Columbia Journal of World Business 27:38-54 1992.
[20].Donovan, S. S. It's people who get new products to market faster. Research Technology Management 37:12-13 (1994).
[21].Dumaine, B. How managers can succeed through speed. Fortune February 13:54-59 1990.
[22].Eisenhardt, K. M.,Tabrizi, B.N., Accelerating Adaptive Processes: Product Innovation in the Global Computer Industry.Administrative Science.Q.40 84-110. 1995.
[23].Emmanuelides, A. P. Determinants of product development time: A framework for analysis. Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings 342-346 1991.
[24].Ettlie, J. E., Product-process Development Integration in Manufacturing.Management Science.41 (7) , 1224—1237. 1995.
[26].Flint,D.J., Compressing new product success-success cycle time.,Deep customer value understanding and idea generation.Industrial Marketing Management 31: 305—315. 2002
[27].Ford, C. M. A theory of individual creative action in multiple social domains. Academy of Management Review 21:1112-1142 1996.
[28].Gold B. Approaches to Accelerating Product and Process Development. Journal of Product Innovation Management 4:81-88 1987.
[29]. Gopalakrishnan, S., Bierly, P.E. and Kessler, E.H. A re-examination of product and process innovation using a knowledge-based view. Journal of High Technology Management Research In press.1999
[30]. Griffin, A. Modeling and measuring product development cycle time across industries. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 14:1-24 1997
[31]. Griffin, A., ,Modeling and measuring product development cycle time across industries.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 14:1-24 1997
[32]. Griffin,A. Product development cycle time for business to business products.Industrial Marketing Management 31:291-304 2002
[33]. Gupta, A. K., Brockhoff, K. and Weisenfeld, U. Managing trade-offs in the new product development process: A German-US comparison. Journal of Product Innovation Management 9:11-18 1992.
[34]. Gupta, A. K. and Wilemon, D. L.Accelerating the development of technology-based new products. California Management Review 32: 1990.
[35]. Hayes, R. H. and Wheelwright, S. C. Restoring Our Competitive Edge:Competing Through Manufacturing. New York: John Wiley and Sons,1984.
[36]. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D., Hoskisson, R.E., Strategic Management— Competitiveness and Globalisation, Concepts and Cases., 2001
[37]. Jarkko Leppalathi, Increasing Speed To Market-How To Accelerate Product Development Processes.,Helsinki University of Technology Department of Communications Engineering, 2003
[38]. Karagozoglu, N. and Brown, W. Time-Based Management of the New Product Development Process. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 10:204-215 1993
[39]. Keller, R. T. Technology-information processing fit and the perfor-mance of R&D project groups: A test of contingency theory. Academy of Management Journal 37:167-179 1994
[40]. Kessler, E. H., and Chakrabarti. A. K. Innovation speed: A conceptual model of context, antecedents and outcomes. Academy of Management Review 21:1143-1191 1996
[41]. Kessler R. A. and Chakrabarti, Speeding up the pace of new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management 16:231-247 1999
[42]. King, B. E. and Penlesky, R. J. Impediments to timely delivery of new products at an industrial products firm. International Journal of Operations and Productions anagement 12:56-65 1992.
[43]. Locke, E. A. and Latham, G. P. A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990.
[44]. Lynn, G. S. New Product Team Learning: developing and Profiting From Your Knowledge Capital. California Management Review 40(4):74-93 1999.
[45]. Lynn, G. S., Alie E Akgun, , Launch.your new products/services better, faster, Research Technology Management; May/Jun 46, 3, 2003
[46]. Lynn, G.S., Abel, K.D., Valentine, W.S., Wright, R.C., Key Factorsin Increasing Speed to Market and Improving New Product Success Rates.Industrial Marketing Management 28:319—326 1999
[47]. Mabert, V. A., Muth, J. F. and Schmenner, R. W. Collapsing new product development times: Six case studies. Journal of Product Innovation Management 9:200-212 1992.
[48]. Mansfield, E. The speed and cost of industrial innovation in Japan and the United States: External vs. internal technology. Management Science 34:1157-1169 1988.
[49]. McDonough, E. F. Faster new product development: Investigating the effects of technology and characteristics of the project leader and team.Journal of Product Innovation Management 10:241-250 1993.
[50]. McDonough, E. F. and Barczak, G. Speeding up new product development: The effects of leadership style and source of technology.Journal of Product Innovation Management 8:203-211 1991
[51]. Menon, Chowdhury and Lukas,, Antecedents and outcomes of new product development speed An interdisciplinary conceptual framework Industrial Marketing Management 31:317-328, 2002
[52]. Meyer, C: Fast Cycle Time: How to Align Purpose, Strategy,
and Structure for Speed. New York: Free Press, 1993.
[53]. Meyer, C. and Purser, R. E. Six steps to becoming a fast-cycle competitor. Research Technology Management 36:41-48 1993
[54]. Meyers and Wilemon, D. Learning from new technology development teams. Journal of Product Innovation Management 6:79-88 1989
[55]. Mihir Parikh, Knowledge management framework for high-tech research and development, Engineering Management Journal; Sep 2001
[56]. Millson, M. R., Raj, S. P. and Wilemon, D. A survey of major approaches for accelerating new product development. Journal of Product Innovation Management 9:53-69 1992
[57]. Muammer Ozer, Using the Internet in new product development, Research Technology Management; Jan/Feb 46, 1; 2003
[58]. Murmann, P. A. Expected development time reductions in the German mechanical engineering industry. Journal of Product Innovation Management 11:236-252 1994
[59]. Nijssen, E. J., Arbouw, A. Rand Commandeur, H. R. Accelerating new product development: A preliminary empirical test of a hierarchy of implementation. Journal of Product Innovation Management 12:99-109, 1995
[60]. Nonaka, I., and Takeuchi, H. The Knowledge-creating company: How Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation. Oxford University Press, New York, 1995
[61]. Peters, T. Thriving on Chaos. New York: Knopf, 1987
[62]. Rosenau, M. D. From experience: Faster new product development.Journal of Product Innovation Management 5:150-153 1988.
[63]. Rosenthal, S. R. Effective Product Design and Development: How to Cut Lead Time and Increase Customer Satisfaction. Homewood, IL:Business One Irwin, 1992
[64]. Smith, P. G. and Reinertsen, D. G. Developing Products in Half the Time. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1991, 1998
[65]. Stalk, G. and Hout, T. M. Competing Against Time: How Time-based Competition Is Reshaping Global Markets. New York: Free Press, 1990.
[66].Swink, M.,Product Development-Faster, On-time, Research Technology Management 7-8 2002
[67].Tabrizi, B. and Eisenhardt, K. M. Accelerating product development cycle time. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Atlanta, GA, 1993
[68].Takeuchi, H. and Nonaka, I. The new product development game. Harvard Business Review 64:137-146 1986
[67].Trygg, L. Concurrent Engineering Practices in selected Swedish Companies: A Movement or an activity of the few?Journal of Product Innovation Management 10:403-415 1993
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