新疆达坂城西南硅质岩成因及其成矿意义
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摘要
新疆乌鲁木齐达坂城西南晚石炭世奇尔古斯套组(C2q)硅质岩分布极为广泛,通过野外地质填图及矿产调查过程中的详细观察和硅质岩岩石学、常量元素、稀土元素和微量元素的分析,认为这些硅质岩的成因复杂,以火山成因及热水成因为主,同时也有生物化学成因。
含碎屑硅质岩具有低P_2O_5、SiO_2/Al_2O_3,高TiO_2、∑REE,Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)小于1等火山成因硅质岩特征;含放射虫硅质岩具高SiO_2、P_2O_5、SiO_2/Al_2O_3、SiO_2/(Na_2O+K_2O),低Al_2O_3、TiO_2、FeO、MgO及碱,K_2O/Na_2O、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)、Si/(Si+Al+Fe)等值小于1生物成因硅质岩特征;褐红色(含铁质)硅质岩具高SiO_2、TFe、MnO、Fe_2O_3/FeO,而低Al_2O_3、TiO_2、SiO_2/(Na_2O+K_2O)、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3),K_2O/Na_2O平均值大于1,Fe/Ti大于20,(Fe+Mn)/Ti接近15,∑REE平均值较低,Ba均值为766.5ppm,Co/Ni<1等热水沉积物特征,为热水沉积的结果。MnO/TiO_2、Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、(La/Ce)N、δCe、Th/Sc和Th/U等值及稀土配分曲线和一系列图解不仅明确指示了硅质岩的成因类型与上述一致,而且反映了硅质岩形成于大陆边缘-半深海环境。
本区在晚石炭世一直处于拉张的环境下,在奇尔古斯套组(C2q)硅质岩的形成过程中,发生了近源重力滑塌事件,形成了硅质砾岩-弥散纹层硅质岩。本文主要讨论它的沉积特征、岩石特征、沉积构造、颗粒大小及沉积序列等特征。从而论证该地区盆地中的混源浊积特征。通过与前人硅质浊积模式的对比,建立了研究区含陆源碎屑的浅海硅质浊积岩的完整沉积序列。
研究区的硅质岩和多金属成矿作用关系密切。伴随SiO_2的沉积有较多铁、锰、金、铜等成矿元素同期沉淀,形成矿源层。在叠加后期变质作用及某些断裂作用后,热液萃取矿源层中的成矿元素,并沿硅质岩裂隙富集充填,形成矿产。因而,区内的金属矿产具层控特点。
The siliceous rocks of Qiergusitao Group of Upper Carboniferous(C2q) was widely distributed in the southwest of Dabancheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The field geological mapping, commodity survey and the geichemistary characters of major elements, REE, trace elements of the siliceous rocks indicates that the genetic types of the siliceous rocks are polygene. Volcanic genesis and hydrothermal genesis are dominant, and biochemistry genesis is also contributing.
The geochemical characteristics of siliceous rocks containing clast is low P_2O_5 content and SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratio, high TiO_2 content and∑REE, and Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3) less than 1 which is the characters of Volcanic siliceous rocks. The siliceous rocks containing Radiolarian have the biochemical genesis characteristics of high SiO_2, P_2O_5 content and SiO_2/Al_2O_3, SiO_2/(Na_2O+K_2O) ratio, low Al_2O_3, TiO_2, FeO, MgO and alkali content, and K_2O/Na_2O, Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3), Si/(Si+Al+Fe) less than 1. Maroon siliceous rocks (containing iron) have the geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rocks which is high SiO_2, total Fe, MnO content and Fe_2O_3/FeO ratio, low Al_2O_3, TiO_2 content and SiO_2/(Na_2O+K_2O), Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3) ratio, K_2O/Na_2O more than 1, Fe/Ti more than 20, (Fe+Mn)/Ti near 15, lower∑REE, Ba average content 766.5ppm and Co/Ni<1. The MnO/TiO_2, Al/ ( Al+Fe+Mn ) , (La/Ce)N, Th/Sc, Th/U ratio ,δCe, chondrite-normalized REE curve and a series diagram not only can be used to indicate the genetic types of the siliceous rocks, but also show that the siliceous rocks were formed under the tectonic setting of continental margin-bathyal sea.
The study area was in pullapart environment at Upper Carboniferous. On the process of the formation of the siliceous rocks of Qiergusitao Formation, proximal gravitational collapse happened and the siliceous conglomerate-diffusive lamellar siliceous rocks were formed. The sedimentary and petrological characteristics, sedimental structure, the size of grain and sedimentary sequence of the siliceous rocks were discussed in the article, and then the characteristics of the mixed provenance turbidite in the study area were discussed.
含碎屑硅质岩具有低P_2O_5、SiO_2/Al_2O_3,高TiO_2、∑REE,Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)小于1等火山成因硅质岩特征;含放射虫硅质岩具高SiO_2、P_2O_5、SiO_2/Al_2O_3、SiO_2/(Na_2O+K_2O),低Al_2O_3、TiO_2、FeO、MgO及碱,K_2O/Na_2O、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)、Si/(Si+Al+Fe)等值小于1生物成因硅质岩特征;褐红色(含铁质)硅质岩具高SiO_2、TFe、MnO、Fe_2O_3/FeO,而低Al_2O_3、TiO_2、SiO_2/(Na_2O+K_2O)、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3),K_2O/Na_2O平均值大于1,Fe/Ti大于20,(Fe+Mn)/Ti接近15,∑REE平均值较低,Ba均值为766.5ppm,Co/Ni<1等热水沉积物特征,为热水沉积的结果。MnO/TiO_2、Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、(La/Ce)N、δCe、Th/Sc和Th/U等值及稀土配分曲线和一系列图解不仅明确指示了硅质岩的成因类型与上述一致,而且反映了硅质岩形成于大陆边缘-半深海环境。
本区在晚石炭世一直处于拉张的环境下,在奇尔古斯套组(C2q)硅质岩的形成过程中,发生了近源重力滑塌事件,形成了硅质砾岩-弥散纹层硅质岩。本文主要讨论它的沉积特征、岩石特征、沉积构造、颗粒大小及沉积序列等特征。从而论证该地区盆地中的混源浊积特征。通过与前人硅质浊积模式的对比,建立了研究区含陆源碎屑的浅海硅质浊积岩的完整沉积序列。
研究区的硅质岩和多金属成矿作用关系密切。伴随SiO_2的沉积有较多铁、锰、金、铜等成矿元素同期沉淀,形成矿源层。在叠加后期变质作用及某些断裂作用后,热液萃取矿源层中的成矿元素,并沿硅质岩裂隙富集充填,形成矿产。因而,区内的金属矿产具层控特点。
The siliceous rocks of Qiergusitao Group of Upper Carboniferous(C2q) was widely distributed in the southwest of Dabancheng, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The field geological mapping, commodity survey and the geichemistary characters of major elements, REE, trace elements of the siliceous rocks indicates that the genetic types of the siliceous rocks are polygene. Volcanic genesis and hydrothermal genesis are dominant, and biochemistry genesis is also contributing.
The geochemical characteristics of siliceous rocks containing clast is low P_2O_5 content and SiO_2/Al_2O_3 ratio, high TiO_2 content and∑REE, and Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3) less than 1 which is the characters of Volcanic siliceous rocks. The siliceous rocks containing Radiolarian have the biochemical genesis characteristics of high SiO_2, P_2O_5 content and SiO_2/Al_2O_3, SiO_2/(Na_2O+K_2O) ratio, low Al_2O_3, TiO_2, FeO, MgO and alkali content, and K_2O/Na_2O, Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3), Si/(Si+Al+Fe) less than 1. Maroon siliceous rocks (containing iron) have the geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal sedimentary siliceous rocks which is high SiO_2, total Fe, MnO content and Fe_2O_3/FeO ratio, low Al_2O_3, TiO_2 content and SiO_2/(Na_2O+K_2O), Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3) ratio, K_2O/Na_2O more than 1, Fe/Ti more than 20, (Fe+Mn)/Ti near 15, lower∑REE, Ba average content 766.5ppm and Co/Ni<1. The MnO/TiO_2, Al/ ( Al+Fe+Mn ) , (La/Ce)N, Th/Sc, Th/U ratio ,δCe, chondrite-normalized REE curve and a series diagram not only can be used to indicate the genetic types of the siliceous rocks, but also show that the siliceous rocks were formed under the tectonic setting of continental margin-bathyal sea.
The study area was in pullapart environment at Upper Carboniferous. On the process of the formation of the siliceous rocks of Qiergusitao Formation, proximal gravitational collapse happened and the siliceous conglomerate-diffusive lamellar siliceous rocks were formed. The sedimentary and petrological characteristics, sedimental structure, the size of grain and sedimentary sequence of the siliceous rocks were discussed in the article, and then the characteristics of the mixed provenance turbidite in the study area were discussed.
引文
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[3]Murray R W,Buchholtz T,Brink M R,et al.Rare earth elements as indicators of different marine depositional environments in chert and shale.Geol,1990,18:268～271
[4]Murray R W. Chemical criteria to identify the depositional environment of chert:general principles and application. Sedimentary Geology,1994,90:213～232
[5]熊先孝等.论石门雄黄矿床硅质岩的热水成因.化工矿产地质,1997,19(2):107～114
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[7]邓希光,李献华,陈志刚.广西钦州板城晚泥盆世硅质岩地球化学特征及沉积环境探讨.地质科学,2003,38(4):460～469
[8]陈翠华,何彬彬,顾雪祥,刘建明.桂西北高龙金矿床含矿硅质岩成因及沉积环境分析.沉积学报,2004,22(1):54～58
[9]曾普胜,杨竹森,等.安徽铜陵矿集区硅质岩成因及意义.地质评论,2004,50(2):153～160
[10]刘志远等.江西金山金矿区硅质岩的特征及意义.地质与勘探,2005,41(2):41～46
[11]Adachi M,Yamamoto K and Sugisaki R.Hydrothermal chart and significance as indication of ocean ridge activity.Sedimentary Geology,1986,47:125～148
[12]韩发,哈钦森.大厂锡多金属矿床热液喷气沉积的证据-含矿建造及热液沉积岩.矿床地质,1989,8(2):25～40
[13]徐跃通.浙江西裘晚元古代层状硅质岩热水沉积地球化学标志及其沉积环境意义.1996,25(6):600～608
[14]何俊国,周永章,等.藏南硅质岩地质地球化学特征及其成矿效应.矿产与地质,2004,18(5):405～409
[15]陈大经,谢世业.广西热水沉积成矿作用的基本特征.矿产与地质,2004,18(5):415～422
[16]姚国龙等.新疆莫托萨拉铁锰矿硅质岩特征及其成因探讨.地质找矿论丛,2000,15(4):307～313
[17]陈素华,黄慧民.甘肃岷县-宕昌地区下二叠统粗碎屑硅质浊积岩.岩相古地理,1994,14(6):35～43
[18]曾允孚,夏文杰.沉积岩石学.北京:地质出版社,1986
[19]Caniglio M.Biogenic chert in the Cowhead Group(Cambro-Ordovician).Westtern Newfoundland:Sedimentology,1987,34(5):813～823
[20]刘云.皖南晚震旦世硅质岩的成因研究.地层学杂志,1998,22(2):154～160
[21]杨建民,王登红,毛景文,等.硅质岩岩石化学研究方法及其在“镜山式铁矿床中的应用”.岩石矿物学杂志,1999,18(2):108～120
[22]熊先孝,姚超美,等.安徽向山铁硫矿区硅质岩特征及成因意义.地质论评,1999,45(5):543～546
[23]Sugisaki R,Yamamoto K,Adachi M.Triassic bedded cherts in central Japan are not pelagic.Nature,1982,298(5875):644～647
[24]Murray R W,Buchholtz T,Brink M R,et al.Rare earth,major,and trace elements in chert from the Franciscan complex and Monterey Group,Califormia:Assessing REE sources to fine-grained marine sediments.Geochim:Acat,1991,55:1875～1895
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