采煤沉陷区生态演替规律及菌根修复作用与后效研究
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摘要
中国作为煤炭大国，井工开采引起的地表沉陷带来了许多环境问题，生态环境的优劣直接决定了矿区的可持续发展问题。本论文针对受损生态系统具有一定程度的自我修复能力，以空间代替时间发展方法，研究了不同开采年限的沉陷区生态演替规律，以及人工改良的作用及后效生态演替规律。结果表明：随着开采的延长，植被群落多样性、土壤肥力、土壤微生物和根系真菌多样性逐渐恢复；两种菌根真菌（AMF）联合对植被和土壤的人工改良效果最优；菌根真菌联合与间作协同的后效作用提高了植被群落生态系统次生演替的速率，保护了生物的多样性；通过比较单作与间作在撂荒后对根际土壤环境的持续性改良后效，发现菌根真菌联合与间作协同能够提高撂荒土壤的熟化程度，其余二者只减轻了其退化的程度。人工接种菌根真菌对矿区沉陷地的生态重建效果显著，为微生物复垦技术的大规模应用提供理论依据。
China as a coal country, surface subsidence caused by underground mining hasbrought many environmental problems, and the pros and cons of the ecologicalenvironment directly determined the sustainable development of mining areas.Aiming at the rule of damaged ecosystems having self-healing capabilities，we studiedthe rules of ecological succession in different lives of mine subsidence, as well as therole of artificial improvement and aftereffect succession laws with method of spaceinstead of time development. The results showed that community diversity ofvegetation, soil fertility, soil microbial and root fungal diversity were recovered withthe mining lives. The processing inoculated by two AMF artificially improved bothplants and soil optimally. The synergistic aftereffects of two AMF and intercroppingimproved the rate of vegetation community ecosystem secondary succession andprotected the biodiversity. By comparing the lasting improvement aftereffects onrhizosphere soil environment by monoculture and intercropping, it was found thatsynergy of two mycorrhizal fungi and intercropping could improved the soilmaturation degree, and the other two mitigated soil degradation level. AMF hadsignificant effects on the ecological reconstruction of the mine subsidence land,providing a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of microbial reclamationtechnology.
China as a coal country, surface subsidence caused by underground mining hasbrought many environmental problems, and the pros and cons of the ecologicalenvironment directly determined the sustainable development of mining areas.Aiming at the rule of damaged ecosystems having self-healing capabilities，we studiedthe rules of ecological succession in different lives of mine subsidence, as well as therole of artificial improvement and aftereffect succession laws with method of spaceinstead of time development. The results showed that community diversity ofvegetation, soil fertility, soil microbial and root fungal diversity were recovered withthe mining lives. The processing inoculated by two AMF artificially improved bothplants and soil optimally. The synergistic aftereffects of two AMF and intercroppingimproved the rate of vegetation community ecosystem secondary succession andprotected the biodiversity. By comparing the lasting improvement aftereffects onrhizosphere soil environment by monoculture and intercropping, it was found thatsynergy of two mycorrhizal fungi and intercropping could improved the soilmaturation degree, and the other two mitigated soil degradation level. AMF hadsignificant effects on the ecological reconstruction of the mine subsidence land,providing a theoretical basis for the large-scale application of microbial reclamationtechnology.
引文
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